Main Article Content
Abstract
The study examined the progress of Children with Special Needs (CWSN) in the Center for Students with Special Needs (Pusat Layanan Peserta Didik Berkebutuhan Khusus, PLPDBK) Semarang through creative therapy methods. Based on the primary data collected from the observation of 56 children over eight sessions of therapy. The study employed the Robust Clustering Using Links (ROCK) clustering algorithm to evaluate children’s social interaction and behavior development, fine motor skills, and cognitive capabilities. The clustering process revealed four distinct types of CWSN that, for the most part, were between the ages of 6 and 10 years old. The study found that although the stability of these development features was often seen, there was a possibility for improvements in certain categories. The study highlighted the potential of targeted interventions and modern treatments that regularly elevate children to “5” or the “very good” developmental category during the vital age range of 6 to 10 years. These findings call for greater inclusion in educational policy and therapies that can be designed to accommodate the various needs of children.
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References
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- D.S. Mwakapesa, Y. Mao, X. Lan, and Y.A. Nanehkaran, “Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using DIvisive Analysis (DIANA) and Robust Clustering Using linKs (ROCK) Algorithms, and Comparison of Their Performance,” Sustainability, Vol. 15, No. 5, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 5, doi: 10.3390/su15054218.
References
N.C. Lia, “Analyzing Therapy for Children with Special Needs: Slow Learners and Mentally Impaired Using the Literature Review Method,” Asesment: Journal of Counseling Guidance, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 43–52, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.59784/asesmentjournalofcounselingguidance.v1i2.9.
U.A. Asya, Huriati, A.A. Amal, and Arbianingsih, “Occupational Therapy in Children with Special Needs: Systematic Review,” Journal of Nursing Practice, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 268–278, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.30994/jnp.v3i2.95.
A. Houtrow et al., “Prescribing Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapy Services for Children with Disabilities,” Pediatrics, Vol. 143, No. 4, Apr. 2019, Art. no. e20190285, doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-0285.
B. Kumar, “Inclusive Education-New Challenges and Strategies,” International Journal of Technical Research and Science, Vol. 3, No. X, pp. 304–306, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.30780/IJTRS.V3.I10.2018.005.
K.S. Robinson, “Part of the Team; Art Therapy with Pre-School Children with Developmental Delays and Disabilities in a Children’s Treatment Centre Setting,” Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 34–43, Sep. 2009, doi: 10.1080/08322473.2009.11434781.
M.D’Amico and C. Lalonde, “The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Teaching Social Skills to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder,” Art Therapy, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 176–182, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1080/07421656.2017.1384678.
M. Lavric and C. Soponaru, “Art Therapy and Social Emotional Development in Students with Special Educational Needs: Effects on Anxiety, Empathy, and Prosocial Behaviour,” Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 606–621, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.18662/rrem/15.1/714.
G.A. King et al., “An Evaluation of Functional, School-Based Therapy Services for Children with Special Needs,” Physical and Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 5–29, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.1080/J006v19n02_02.
S.H.E. Dijkstra, M. Hinne, E. Segers, and I. Molenaar, “Clustering Children’s Learning Behaviour to Identify Self-Regulated Learning Support Needs,” Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 145, Aug. 2023, Art. no. 107754, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107754.
M. Miyahara, “A Pilot Exploratory Study to Form Subgroups Using Cluster Analysis of Family Needs Survey Scores for Providing Tailored Support to Parents Caring for a Population-Based Sample of 5-Year-Old Children with Developmental Concerns,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 2, Jan. 2022, Art. no. 744, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020744.
S. Guha, R. Rastogi, and K. Shim, “ROCK: A Robust Clustering Algorithm for Categorical Attributes,” Information System, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 345–366, Jul. 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0306-4379(00)00022-3.
R. Yotenka and S.K. Dini, “Clustering of PDQ Participant Student in Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UII using the ROCK Method,” Eksakta: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 113–124, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol3.iss2.art7.
Alvionita, Sutikno, and A. Suharsono, “Ensemble ROCK Methods and Ensemble SWFM Methods for Clustering of Cross Citrus Accessions Based on Mixed Numerical and Categorical Dataset,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Mar. 2017, pp. 1–10, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/58/1/012029.
P. Parameswari, J.A. Samath, and S. Saranya, “Scalable Clustering Using Rank Based Preprocessing Technique for Mixed Data Sets Using Enhanced Rock Algorithm,” African Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 129–136, 2015, doi: 10.5829/idosi.ajbas.2015.7.3.22291.
Y. Zhao, X. Liu, and W. Wang, “ROCK Clustering Algorithm Based on the P System with Active Membranes,” WSEAS Transactions on Computers, Vol. 13, pp. 289–299, 2014.
X. Wang, Y. Lu, D. Wang, L. Liu, and H. Zhou, “Using Jaccard Distance Measure for Unsupervised Activity Recognition with Smartphone Accelerometers,” in Web and Big Data, S. Song, M. Renz, and Y.-S. Moon, Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017, pp. 74–83, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69781-9_8.
D.S. Mwakapesa, Y. Mao, X. Lan, and Y.A. Nanehkaran, “Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using DIvisive Analysis (DIANA) and Robust Clustering Using linKs (ROCK) Algorithms, and Comparison of Their Performance,” Sustainability, Vol. 15, No. 5, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 5, doi: 10.3390/su15054218.