Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper proposes a dynamic cryptocurrency asset allocation strategy that combines Sharpe Ratio-based weighting with trend filtering using the Simple Moving Average (SMA) of Bitcoin (BTC). The model reallocates capital among a portfolio of seven major cryptocurrencies (BTC, ETH, BNB, SOL, TON, TRX, XRP) every three days, conditional on BTC trading above its respective SMA threshold (50-day, 100-day, or 200-day). When BTC trends below the SMA, the strategy shifts fully to USDT to minimize downside risk. Using historical data from January 1, 2024, to January 1, 2025, the study evaluates performance across three SMA configurations and benchmarks against a buy-and-hold baseline. Results show that the SMA-50 strategy achieved the highest cumulative return (+231.51%) and Sharpe Ratio (2.51), significantly outperforming both the longer SMA-based models and the baseline average return (+132.14%). Risk analysis indicates that shorter SMA windows allow more responsive exposure during market uptrends but increase short-term volatility. Overall, the findings support the use of hybrid strategies combining trend-following filters and risk-adjusted allocation for managing crypto portfolios in volatile environments.
Keywords
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References
Y. Liu and A. Tsyvinski, “Risks and returns of cryptocurrency,” Rev. Financ. Stud., vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 2689–2727, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1093/rfs/hhaa113.
A. Urquhart, “The inefficiency of Bitcoin,” Econ. Lett., vol. 148, pp. 80–82, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2016.09.019.
I. Adelopo and X. Luo, “Interconnectedness among cryptocurrencies and financial markets: a systematic literature review,” Digit. Finance, vol. 7, pp. 1119–1171, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s42521-025-00155-2.
K. Grobys, S. Ahmed, and N. Sapkota, “Technical trading rules in the cryptocurrency market,” Finance Res. Lett., vol. 32, Jan. 2020, Art. no. 101396, doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2019.101396.
S. Ahmed, K. Grobys, and N. Sapkota, “Profitability of technical trading rules among cryptocurrencies with privacy function,” Finance Res. Lett., vol. 35, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 101495, doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101495.
S. Corbet, V. Eraslan, B. Lucey, and A. Sensoy, “The effectiveness of technical trading rules in cryptocurrency markets,” Finance Res. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 32–37, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2019.04.027.
Q. Zhou, “Portfolio optimization with robust covariance and conditional value-at-risk constraints,” 2024, arXiv: 2406.00610v1.
A. Butler and R. Kwon, “Covariance estimation for risk-based portfolio optimization: an integrated approach,” J. Risk, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 11–41, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.21314/JOR.2021.020.
A.R.S.S. Prasad, “Harnessing the future: Unveiling the impact of artificial intelligence in marketing,” SSRN Electron. J., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1–14, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.6469199.
S. Corbet, C. Larkin, and B. Lucey, “The contagion effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from gold and cryptocurrencies,” Finance Res. Lett., vol. 35, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 101554, doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101554.
D. Bianchi, M. Büchner, and A. Tamoni, “Bond risk premiums with machine learning,” Rev. Financ. Stud., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1046–1089, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1093/rfs/hhaa062.
Y. Shu, C. Yu, and J. M. Mulvey, “Dynamic asset allocation with asset-specific regime forecasts,” 2024, arXiv:2406.09578v2.
M. Kang, J. Hong, and S. Kim, “Harnessing technical indicators with deep learning based price forecasting for cryptocurrency trading,” Phys. Stat. Mech. Its Appl., vol. 660, Feb. 2025, Art. no. 130359, doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2025.130359.
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K. Daniel and T.J. Moskowitz, “Momentum crashes,” J. Financ. Econ., vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 221–247, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.12.002.
H. Markowitz, “Portfolio selection,” J. Finance, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 77–91, Mar. 1952, doi: 10.2307/2975974.
F. Black and R. Litterman, “Global portfolio optimization,” Financ. Anal. J., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 28–43, Sep. 1992, doi: 10.2469/faj.v48.n5.28.
R. Engle, “Dynamic conditional correlation: A simple class of multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models,” J. Bus. Econ. Stat., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 339–350, Jul. 2002, doi: 10.1198/073500102288618487.
P. Katsiampa, “Volatility estimation for Bitcoin: A comparison of GARCH models,” Econ. Lett., vol. 158, pp. 3–6, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2017.06.023.
E.F. Fama and K.R. French, “Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds,” J. Financ. Econ., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 3–56, Feb. 1993, doi: 10.1016/0304-405X(93)90023-5.
A. Yang, “Cryptocurrency market risk-managed momentum strategies,” Finance Res. Lett., vol. 85, Nov. 2025, Art. no. 107879, doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2025.107879.
E. Bouri, P. Molnár, G. Azzi, D. Roubaud, and L. I. Hagfors, “On the hedge and safe haven properties of Bitcoin: Is it really more than a diversifier?,” Finance Res. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 192–198, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2016.09.025.
D.G. Baur, K. Hong, and A.D. Lee, “Bitcoin: Medium of exchange or speculative assets?,” J. Int. Financ. Mark. Inst. Money, vol. 54, pp. 177–189, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2017.12.004.
J.Y. Campbell, A.W. Lo, and A.C. MacKinlay, The Econometrics of Financial Markets. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2012.
