Enthusiastic : International Journal of Applied Statistics and Data Science

Determination Premiums Motor Vehicle Insurance Using Bonus-Malus Optimal

2025-09-10T13:31:12+00:00

The increasing number of motor vehicles in Sumatera has heightened accident risks, emphasizing the need for motor vehicle insurance to distribute risk between policyholders and insurers. Determining fair and risk-based premium requires consideration of each policyholder’s claim history. This study aimed to determine motor vehicle insurance premiums using the optimal bonus-malus system based on claim data for the minibus category with comprehensive coverage in Sumatera during 2022. The proposed model extended the Bayesian bonus-malus framework by incorporating the trust region reflective (TRR) method for estimating claim severity and the Newton-Raphson method for estimating claim frequency, thereby enhancing parameter estimation accuracy and numerical stability. This approach offers a more equitable and precise premium adjustment mechanism aligned with individual risk levels, contributing to improved risk-based pricing, reduced underwriting losses, and greater transparency for policyholders. The results showed that the claim frequency followed the Poisson-Lindley distribution, while claim severity followed the lognormal-gamma distribution. Based on these models, the premium was computed by multiplying the basic premium by the relative value of the subsequent year and dividing it by the base relative value. Premium decrease in the absence of claims and increase when claims occur.

Sharpe Ratio-Based Dynamic Crypto Asset Allocation with Trend Filtering Using SMA

2025-06-13T07:59:30+00:00

This paper proposes a dynamic cryptocurrency asset allocation strategy that combines Sharpe Ratio-based weighting with trend filtering using the Simple Moving Average (SMA) of Bitcoin (BTC). The model reallocates capital among a portfolio of seven major cryptocurrencies (BTC, ETH, BNB, SOL, TON, TRX, XRP) every three days, conditional on BTC trading above its respective SMA threshold (50-day, 100-day, or 200-day). When BTC trends below the SMA, the strategy shifts fully to USDT to minimize downside risk. Using historical data from January 1, 2024, to January 1, 2025, the study evaluates performance across three SMA configurations and benchmarks against a buy-and-hold baseline. Results show that the SMA-50 strategy achieved the highest cumulative return (+231.51%) and Sharpe Ratio (2.51), significantly outperforming both the longer SMA-based models and the baseline average return (+132.14%). Risk analysis indicates that shorter SMA windows allow more responsive exposure during market uptrends but increase short-term volatility. Overall, the findings support the use of hybrid strategies combining trend-following filters and risk-adjusted allocation for managing crypto portfolios in volatile environments.

Utilizing Geographically Weighted Regression with a Gaussian Kernel to Analyze Unemployment

2026-01-08T14:29:43+00:00

Unemployment is a major challenge in economic development, reflecting an imbalance between labor supply and available job opportunities. This study aimed to examine the spatial variation of factors influencing the open unemployment rate (OUR) in Lampung Province, Indonesia, and to compare the performance of a global regression model with the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model in explaining these variations. The GWR method, using a fixed Gaussian kernel, was applied to capture spatial heterogeneity across regions. Secondary data were obtained from the Statistics Indonesia of Lampung Province in 2023, including economic growth (EG), human development index (HDI), and labor force participation rate (LFPR). The results showed that in the global regression model, LFPR was the only variable that significantly reduced unemployment, while EG and HDI were not statistically significant. The Breusch–Pagan test confirmed spatial heterogeneity, supporting the use of the GWR. The GWR model performed better, with Akaike information criterion (AIC) of 40.8262 and R² of 0.6059. Spatial analysis indicated that EG and HDI positively affected unemployment in several districts, suggesting limited job absorption and possible skill mismatches, whereas LFPR consistently showed a negative relationship with the open unemployment rate (OUR) across regions.