An Investigation of Insect Ovipositing Repellent Activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness, Acacia auriculiformis and Piper betle Linn Leaves Extracts to Batrocera carambolae

Batrocera carambolae was one of the main pests in some types of fruits. This pest attack resulted in quantitative damage in the form of fall of young fruit and qualitatively in the form of fruit to rot and contains maggots. This research was conducted to determine selected extract from Andrographis Paniculata Ness, Piper betle Linn and Acacia auriculiformis leaves which have repellent activity for Batrocera carambolae. Nine extracts from the maceration process of the three leaves were evaluated by placing the extracts and flies together in the cage. The ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Andrographis Paniculata Ness, Piper betle Linn and Acacia auriculiformis leaves were applied to the test pieces and fed into a cage containing 10 male and female flies. From observation, N-hexane extracts from Andrographis Paniculata Ness and Piper betle Linn leaves and ethyl acetate extracts from Acacia auriculiformis leaf have good activity as repellent and potentially to be used as a insect ovipositing repellent of Batrocera carambolae.


Introduction
Pest problems is one of the obstacles in order to increase crop production both in quality and quantity.Fruit flies is one of the major pests on several kinds of vegetables and fruits.They are very detrimental to agriculture.This pest has spread to almost all the Asia-Pacific region (Drew et al., 1978).Fruit flies cause damage quantitatively, with the fall of the young fruits are attacked and qualitatively, the fruit becomes rotten and containing maggots (Kardinan, 2000 andPutra, 2001).
The use of synthetic insecticides for pest problems is not an appropriate answer, because in the application of sprays often miss the mark (flies fly), also not environmentally friendly and often leave pesticide residues on commodities that are protected (Kardinan, 2000).In addition, eco-labeling was a requirement for a product to be accepted the world market so the using of synthetic insecticides should be reduced as low as possible.Therefore, research on natural insecticides were developed.
The test results by using attractant methyl eugenol dripped on cotton in the trap of giving good results as the male fruit fly attractant.The attractant only attract male fruit flies, because it is paraferomon.
Meanwhile, the cause of damage to the fruit is female fruit flies that lay eggs in fruit by piercing or injuring the surface of the fruit with their ovipositor (Gionar, 1996).Kardinan (2007)  All the extract were applied to the star fruit and placed in a cage occupied 10 fly male and 10 female flies and control samples (starfruit are not oiled).One type of leaf was tested in one cage.The sample was observed from 3-6 days later and continued with the process of observation and calculation of larvae present in the star fruit.

Results and Discussion
In the extraction process of

Andrographis paniculata Ness, Piper betle
Linn and Acacia auriculiformis leaves powder, maceration method has been used.
Maceration was has done until the solvent extraction becomes translucent color.This shows that there are no more metabolites that can be extracted by the solvent.
Maceration process was done gradually, starting from the use of n-hexane which is a non-polar solvent, followed by ethyl acetate as a semi-polar solvent and ends with ethanol as a polar solvent.Furthermore, it will be obtained the non-polar, semi-polar and polar fraction of compounds from

All of Andrographis paniculata Ness
Piper betle Linn and Acacia auriculiformis leaves.extracts are tested under laboratory conditions for ovipositing repellent activity.
As many as 10 male and 10 female flies Observational data presented in Table 1.

(
Batrocera carambolae) that are ready to breed, placed into a testing cage.In the testing cage also placed starfruit as test sample because this fruit is a favorite host for Batrocera carambolae.Three prepared cages containing 11 components (feed, star fruit which is unsmeared by any extract (control), star fruit which is smeared with nhexane extract, ethyl acetic extract and ethanol extract used for the repellent test.Observations were made by observing the behavior of Batrocera carambolae for 4 Eksakta: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu MIPA p. ISSN: 1411-1047 e. ISSN: 2503-2364 An Investigation of Insect Ovipositing Repellent Activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness, Acacia auriculiformis and Piper betle Linn Leaves Extracts to Batrocera carambolae (Prakoso et.al.) 5 days.These observations were made to determine the tendency of fruit flies to perch and lay their eggs on the sample.

Table 1 .
Yield of all extracts and its activity From Table 1, it was found that nhexane extract of Andrographis paniculata Ness, n-hexane extract of Piper betle Linn, and ethyl acetic extract of Acacia auriculiformishad a good performance as the ovipositing repellent.However, for other extracts can not impede the fruit fly to lay eggs in starfruit.It can be seen from the number of larvae present in the flesh of the fruit.Nevertheless, other extracs except n-hexane extract of Andrographis paniculata Ness, n-hexane extract of Piper betle Linn, and ethyl acetic extract of Acacia auriculiformis had little inhibitory effect on fruit flies.It can be seen from the small number of larvae found in fruit.A number of larvae on other extracts smaller than amounts of larvae on control.Piper betle Linn, and ethyl acetic extract of Acacia auriculiformis are the best extract and potential to be used as a tool to protect starfruit from However, other extracts less plagued than control.Therefore, the laying process may not occur in smeared samples using n-hexane and ethyl acetic.After 4 days, the flies transferred to another cage and on day 7, samples of starfruit dissected to count the number of larvae from Batrocera carambolae.The number of larvae contained in fruits can be correlated with the number of eggs injected by female flies.An Investigation of Insect Ovipositing Repellent Activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness, Acacia auriculiformis and Piper betle Linn Leaves Extracts to Batrocera carambolae (Prakoso et.al.) 6 Conclusion N-hexane extract of Andrographis paniculata Ness, n-hexane extract of ethanol and n-hexane extracts from Acacia auriculiformis have small inhibitory effect on Batrocera carambolae.