Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies (IJIIS)

Integrating Cognitive Science with Islamic Philosophy: Emergence and Current Challenges

Mudasir Ahmad, Tariq Rafeeq Khan — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the inclusive approach of cognitive science with Islamic philosophy. Islamic philosophy has put forth a significant role in the development of cognitive science. The emergence of cognitive science in Islamic philosophy commences with the knowledge about heart, soul, ‘reasoning’, ‘aql’, cognition ‘marifat’ contemplation ‘fikr’ meditation ‘zikr’, mystic cognition, and their relation with the mental processes like ‘tafakur’, ‘tadabur’, ‘taakiloon’ and learn ‘iqra’. This paper tries to show the novel ideas of cognitive science with the new advances and researches in Neuro-theology, religious mantras and spiritual nexus. It also discusses the basic building blocks of cognitive sciences which are ilm (knowledge), mind, heart, soul, reasoning, language, intellect and mystic cognition. As the role of Islamic philosophers are significant in the emergence of cognitive science and there are various thinkers who led their contribution in cognitive science but I have included only some notable Islamic cognitive scientists in this paper. This paper also examines the future aspect of religious sciences in the growth of cognitive science.

Theological Influences on Slaughter Techniques: Convergence and Divergence in Halal and Kosher Certification

Isnaeni Gelda Prasetianti, Arqom Kuswanjono — Mon, 10 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the influence of theology on the slaughter techniques applied in the two traditions, as well as to see how the differences and similarities in these religious teachings contribute to the development and application of halal and kosher certification in the food industry. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, which involves analyzing academic literature, fatwa documents, halal/kosher guidelines, and certification standards. The results show that both traditions share similarities in the use of sharp tools, thorough bloodletting, and respect for animal welfare, reflecting adherence to ethical and spiritual principles. However, there are fundamental differences, such as the prohibition of stunning in kosher, and the role of the shochet as a trained slaughterer in the Jewish tradition. Halal and kosher certification play an important role in ensuring adherence to religious principles amidst the challenges of mass production in the modern food industry. Despite these obstacles, both traditions continue to emphasize the balance between spiritual and ethical needs in food consumption, making the principles of animal welfare and food safety a top priority in maintaining the integrity of religious values in the modern era.

Hifz Al-Bi'ah as Part of Maqashid Al-Shari'ah and Its Relevance in the Context of Global Climate Change

M. Khusnul Khuluq, Asmuni Asmuni — Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The five essential principles (dharuriyyat al-khamsah) proposed by As-Syatibi, encompassing the preservation of religion, self, progeny, wealth, and intellect, were highly progressive concepts in their time. However, today we face the challenge of global climate change threatening ecosystems and humanity. Thus, the concept of hifz al-bi’ah becomes crucial as a new variable within the scope of essential principles. This research employs a qualitative approach with a literature review study. The data utilized include literature covering classical and contemporary sources, scientific research, and policy documents related to global climate change. The results of this study indicate that the concept of hifz al-bi’ah was initially developed through environmental jurisprudence (fiqh al-bi’ah) and evolved into hifz al-biah, an integral part of maqasid al-shariah. Hifz al-bi’ah serves as a foundation for the implementation of hifz al-din, hifz al-nafs, hifz al-nasl, hifz al-mal, and hifz al-'aql. Simultaneously, the aspects of essential principles are expanded, systematically placing hifz al-bi’ah in a crucial position within them. In the context of global climate change threatening ecosystems and the existence of humanity, the concept of hifz al-bi’ah as part of maqashid al-shariah is highly relevant in efforts to mitigate or even reverse global climate change.

Exploration Of Sosrokartono's Moral Teachings And Their Resonance With The Axiology Of Islamic Education

Nurryanto Midi Witoyo, Supriyanto Abdi — Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore and examine the moral teachings of Raden Mas Panji Sosrokartono, an important figure in Javanese moral and spiritual tradition, and their resonance with the axiology of Islamic education. More specifically, the study examines Sosrokartono's moral teachings as reflected in his symbolic names (sinandi) such as "Sang Alif," "Mandor Kloengsoe," and "Djoko Pring," which contain deep spiritual and social values. It also looks at his wider moral teachings as contained in his Ilmu Catur Murti and Ilmu Kantong Bolong that emphasize harmony, sincerity, simplicity, and selfless devotion. This study is a library research with a historical-critical-philosophical approach. The study found that the Sosrokartono’s moral teachings strongly resonate with the axiology of Islamic education in relation to the values of faith (aqidah), worship (ibadah), morality (akhlaq), and nationalism. The study argues that Sosrokartono’s locally rooted moral teachings are highly compatible with the axiological aims of Islamic education to form individuals who are pious, have noble character, and love for their nation. Sosrokartono's holistic moral teachings, combining intellectuality, morality, spirituality, and harmonization with divine, humanistic, and cultural values, are thus very relevant to the development of Muslim personalities and national values.

Islam and Marxism in Ali Shariati’s Thoughts

Ahmad Amir Nabil, Tasnim Abdul Rahman — Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper discusses Ali Shariati's thinking and his intellectual background as an activist and catalyst for the rise and revolutionary consciousness of Iranian society that set in motion the Islamic revolution and its socio-political changes in 1979. The study is focused on his writings on Marxism. The method used in this study is a literature review with a conceptual and historical approach to text interpretation. The study's findings show the power of the dialectic formulated by Shariati in expressing the humanism and mysticism of Islam and its metaphysical views that reject the deviant views of atheism, communism, materialism and Marxism. His impressive political idealism emphasizes the moral and socio-religious strength of Islam in upholding the universal values of equality and principles of humanity and its spirit of liberation over the depravity and weakness of Marxist theory and its fundamental weakness in the moral and practical order

Democracy, Human Rights and Islamic Law in Mohammed Abed Al-Jabiri’s Reformist Ideas

Muhammad Fikri Adrian — Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mohammed Abed Al-Jabiri, an influential reformist Muslim thinker from Morocco, offers critical reading of the challenges of modernity and the role of religion in dealing with these challenges. This study aims to explore and present some of al-Jabiri's reformist ideas on contemporary issues that are expected to contribute to the literature of contemporary Islamic thought. This study employs the content analysis method. The analysis begins with a discussion of the relationship between religion and the state, then continues with the issue of the application of Islamic law, then the issue of democracy, and ends with a discussion of the issue of human rights. The study also compares al-Jabiri's thoughts with those of other Muslim thinkers such as Rachid Ghannaouchi, Malik Bennabi, Azyumardi Azra, and others. The results of this study reveal several main points. On the relationship between religion and the state, Al-Jabiri argues that Islam provides freedom for its people to do ijtihad to determine the ideology that is most relevant to their needs. Regarding the application of Islamic law, al-Jabiri offers two methods that he considers to be responsive to the need for legal certainty: the first method is the universality of law and the second is maqasid al-sharia which prioritizes the public good. As for democracy and human rights, al-Jabiri tries to define and harmonize the two ideas with Islam.