Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to discover how the Indonesian Local Government Rural Bank improves the quality of the anti-fraud team to prevent and detect fraud based on a mechanism of the anti-fraud strategy issued by Bank Indonesia. A qualitative analysis approach was applied 12 semi-structured interviews with the anti-fraud team and related officers. The content analysis approach supported by NVivo software and has discovered several required competencies and competencies already developed by the organization’s anti-fraud team for fraud prevention and detection. This study provides a detailed discussion of how these competencies are used in the anti-fraud mechanism by identifying the gaps between the required competencies and developed competencies to give recommendations for the organization to enhance the quality of the anti-fraud team in conducting fraud prevention and detection.
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References
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- Albrecht, C. C., Albrecht, W. S., Albrecht, C. O., & Zimbelman, M. F. (2006). Forensic accounting (4th ed.). South Westren-Cengange.
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- Bolton, R. J., & Hand, D. J. (2002). Statistical fraud detection: A review. Statistical Science, 17(3), 235–255.
- Butcovan, A. (2015). Banking security in the context of international relations. International Relations, 7.
- Carnes, K. C., & Gierlasinski, N. J. (2001). Forensic accounting skills: Will supply finally catch up to demand? Managerial Auditing Journal, 16(6), 378–382. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900110395514
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- Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.). SAGE.
- Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people’s money: A study in the social psychology of embezzlement. Free Press.
- Diantika, A. (2015). Analisis kebijakan perbankan mikro: Sebuah studi tentang fraud dan pengawasan terhadap Bank Prekreditan Rakyat di Indonesia. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
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- Frimpong, K. (2015). Back to basics: Fighting fraud and austerity. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(2), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2013-0065
- Gaskell, G. (2000). Individual and group interviewing. Qualitative researching with text, image and sound. SAGE.
- Gupta, P., & Pass, B. (2019). Understanding and preventing financial fraud in the global economy. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Hamilton, A. B., & Finley, E. P. (2020). Reprint of: Qualitative methods in implementation research: An introduction. Psychiatry Research, 283(August 2019), 112629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112629
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- Hidajat, T. (2020). Rural banks fraud: A story from Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(3), 933–943. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2020-0010
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- Mansour, A. Z., Ahmi, A., & Popoola, O. M. J. (2020). The personality factor of conscientiousness on skills requirement and fraud risk assessment performance. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(2).
- Mathenge, G. D. (2014). An empirical study to measuring corruption and integrity in Kenyan Police Agency: an Ethical Perspective. Public Policy and Administration Research, 4(2), 67–79.
- Molinari, M., & de Villiers, C. (2021). Qualitative accounting research in the time of COVID-19 – changes, challenges and opportunities. Pacific Accounting Review, 33(5), 568–577. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-09-2020-0176
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- Nyakarimi, S. N., Kariuki, S. N., & Kariuki, P. W. (2020). Application of internal control system in fraud prevention in banking sector. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 6524–6536.
- Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2016). SEOJK Nomor 5/SEOJK.03/2016 tentang Penerapan Tata Kelola bagi Bank Pengkreditan Rakyat. http://ojk.go.id
- Paredes, R., & Vega, M. (2023). An internal fraud model for operational losses in retail banking. Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/asmb.2814
- Patton, M. Q. (2003). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). In Evaluation Journal of Australasia (Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 60–61). https://doi.org/10.1177/1035719X0300300213
- Peltier-Rivest, D. (2009). An analysis of the victims of occupational fraud: A Canadian perspective. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(1).
- Popoola, O. M. J. (2014). Forensic accountants, auditors and fraud capability and competence requirements in the Nigerian public sector. Universiti Utara Malaysia.
- Prabha, M., Sharmin, S., Khatoon, R., Imran, M. A. U., & Mohammad, N. (2024). Combating banking fraud with it: integrating machine learning and data analytics. The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations, 6(7), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/volume06issue07-04
- Pratiwi, S. L., & Cahyono, H. (2018). Pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kualitas SDM bank syariah pada Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Lamongan. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 1(2), 145–153.
- Rustiarini, N. W., Suryandari, N. N. A., & Nova, I. K. S. (2016). Red flags and fraud prevention on rural banks. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan, 19(2), 177–206.
- Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. In International Journal of the History of Sport (Vol. 30, Issue 1). www.pearson.com/uk
- Setiani, B. (2013). Kajian sumber daya manusia dalam proses rekrutmen tenaga kerja di perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Widya, 4(2).
- Shi, X., Yao, X., Liang, J., Gan, S., & Li, Z. (2022). China’s cultivation of master nursing specialist: A qualitative content analysis of the stakeholders. Nurse Education in Practice, 63(May), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103359
- Silva, D. (2022). Pre-service teachers’ understanding of culture in multicultural education: A qualitative content analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 110, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103580
- Smith, M., Omar, N. H., Sayd Idris, S. I. Z., & Baharuddin, I. (2005). Auditors’ perception of fraud risk indicators: Malaysian evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510570713
- Suhartono, S. (2016). Komite anti fraud: Solusi menuju zero fraud. Jurnal Akuntansi, 5(1).
- Thunga, S. R., Lavanya, P. B., & Chinni, N. (2024). Analysis and preventive measures of banking frauds with reference to Indian banking sector (Issue Icrbss 2023). Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-374-0_34
- Triantoro, H. D., Utami, I., & Joseph, C. (2018). Whistleblowing system, machiavellian personality, fraud intention: An experimental study. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 202–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2019-0003
- Wells, J. T. (2005). Corporate fraud handbook: Prevention and detection. John Wiley & Sons.
- West, J., & Bhattacharya, M. (2016). Intelligent financial fraud detection: A comprehensive review. Computers and Security, 57, 47–66.
References
Afrizal. (2014). Metode penelitian kualitatif, sebuah upaya mendukung penggunaan penelitian kualitatif dalam berbagai disiplin ilmu (1st ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Agrawal, A., Catalini, C., & Goldfarb, A. (2014). Some simple economics of crowdfunding. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 14(1), 63–97.
Albrecht, C. C., Albrecht, W. S., Albrecht, C. O., & Zimbelman, M. F. (2006). Forensic accounting (4th ed.). South Westren-Cengange.
Ambar. (2009). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Graha Ilmu.
Amrizal, C. F. E. (2004). Pencegahan dan pendeteksian kecurangan oleh internal auditor.
Arsendy, M. T. (2017). Pengaruh pengalaman audit, skeptisme profesional, red flags, dan tekanan anggaran waktu terhadap kemampuan auditor dalam mendeteksi kecurangan (studi empiris pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di DKI Jakarta). Universitas Riau.
Bakri, H. H. M., Mohamed, N., & Said, J. (2017). Mitigating asset misappropriation through integrity and fraud risk elements: Evidence emerging economies. Journal of Financial Crime, 24(2), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2016-0024
Bank Indonesia. (2011). Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia Nomor 13/28/DPNP tentang Penerapan Strategi Anti-Fraud bagi Bank Umum. http://www.bi.go.id
Bolton, R. J., & Hand, D. J. (2002). Statistical fraud detection: A review. Statistical Science, 17(3), 235–255.
Butcovan, A. (2015). Banking security in the context of international relations. International Relations, 7.
Carnes, K. C., & Gierlasinski, N. J. (2001). Forensic accounting skills: Will supply finally catch up to demand? Managerial Auditing Journal, 16(6), 378–382. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900110395514
Chairunnisa, C., & Ibrahim, M. (2019). Evaluasi penerapan strategi anti fraud dalam mengelola risiko kecurangan pada PT X. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 7(3), 465–476.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.). SAGE.
Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people’s money: A study in the social psychology of embezzlement. Free Press.
Diantika, A. (2015). Analisis kebijakan perbankan mikro: Sebuah studi tentang fraud dan pengawasan terhadap Bank Prekreditan Rakyat di Indonesia. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Durnila, K., & Santoso, C. B. (2018). Pengaruh audit forensik dan kompetensi auditor terhadap pencegahan fraud dengan kecerdasan emosional sebagai variabel moderating pada BPK RI Perwakilan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Measurement: Jurnal Akuntansi, 12(1).
Frimpong, K. (2015). Back to basics: Fighting fraud and austerity. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(2), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2013-0065
Gaskell, G. (2000). Individual and group interviewing. Qualitative researching with text, image and sound. SAGE.
Gupta, P., & Pass, B. (2019). Understanding and preventing financial fraud in the global economy. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hamilton, A. B., & Finley, E. P. (2020). Reprint of: Qualitative methods in implementation research: An introduction. Psychiatry Research, 283(August 2019), 112629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112629
Hancock, D., & Algozzine, B. (2006). A practical guide for doing case study research.
Hidajat, T. (2020). Rural banks fraud: A story from Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(3), 933–943. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2020-0010
Holsti, O. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences. Addison-Wesley.
Kamdjoug, J. R. K., Sando, H. D., & Kala, J. R. (2024). Data analytics-based auditing: A case study of fraud detection in the banking context. Ann Oper Res 340, 1161–1188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-024-06129-8
Khalid, S. N. A. (2009). Reflexivity in qualitative accounting research. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 7(2), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/19852510980000005
Kimani, J. W. (2011). Fraud risk assessment plan for Barclays Bank of Kenya.
Lisic, L. L., Silveri, S. D., Song, Y., & Wang, K. (2015). Accounting fraud, auditing, and the role of government sanctions in China. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1186–1195.
Mabior, M. M., & Wanyama, K. W. (2024). Role of forensic investigations in reduction of financial fraud among commercial banks in South Sudan. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37284/ijfa.3.1.1645
Mansour, A. Z., Ahmi, A., & Popoola, O. M. J. (2020). The personality factor of conscientiousness on skills requirement and fraud risk assessment performance. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(2).
Mathenge, G. D. (2014). An empirical study to measuring corruption and integrity in Kenyan Police Agency: an Ethical Perspective. Public Policy and Administration Research, 4(2), 67–79.
Molinari, M., & de Villiers, C. (2021). Qualitative accounting research in the time of COVID-19 – changes, challenges and opportunities. Pacific Accounting Review, 33(5), 568–577. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-09-2020-0176
Nandemar, D., Haliah, Syarifuddin, & Nirwana. (2024). Enhancing the performance of fraud risk judgments by Indonesian state auditors through continuous learning and development (Issue Icame 2023). Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-400-6_3
Nyakarimi, S. N., Kariuki, S. N., & Kariuki, P. W. (2020). Application of internal control system in fraud prevention in banking sector. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 6524–6536.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2016). SEOJK Nomor 5/SEOJK.03/2016 tentang Penerapan Tata Kelola bagi Bank Pengkreditan Rakyat. http://ojk.go.id
Paredes, R., & Vega, M. (2023). An internal fraud model for operational losses in retail banking. Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/asmb.2814
Patton, M. Q. (2003). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). In Evaluation Journal of Australasia (Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 60–61). https://doi.org/10.1177/1035719X0300300213
Peltier-Rivest, D. (2009). An analysis of the victims of occupational fraud: A Canadian perspective. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(1).
Popoola, O. M. J. (2014). Forensic accountants, auditors and fraud capability and competence requirements in the Nigerian public sector. Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Prabha, M., Sharmin, S., Khatoon, R., Imran, M. A. U., & Mohammad, N. (2024). Combating banking fraud with it: integrating machine learning and data analytics. The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations, 6(7), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/volume06issue07-04
Pratiwi, S. L., & Cahyono, H. (2018). Pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kualitas SDM bank syariah pada Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Lamongan. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 1(2), 145–153.
Rustiarini, N. W., Suryandari, N. N. A., & Nova, I. K. S. (2016). Red flags and fraud prevention on rural banks. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan, 19(2), 177–206.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. In International Journal of the History of Sport (Vol. 30, Issue 1). www.pearson.com/uk
Setiani, B. (2013). Kajian sumber daya manusia dalam proses rekrutmen tenaga kerja di perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Widya, 4(2).
Shi, X., Yao, X., Liang, J., Gan, S., & Li, Z. (2022). China’s cultivation of master nursing specialist: A qualitative content analysis of the stakeholders. Nurse Education in Practice, 63(May), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103359
Silva, D. (2022). Pre-service teachers’ understanding of culture in multicultural education: A qualitative content analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 110, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103580
Smith, M., Omar, N. H., Sayd Idris, S. I. Z., & Baharuddin, I. (2005). Auditors’ perception of fraud risk indicators: Malaysian evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510570713
Suhartono, S. (2016). Komite anti fraud: Solusi menuju zero fraud. Jurnal Akuntansi, 5(1).
Thunga, S. R., Lavanya, P. B., & Chinni, N. (2024). Analysis and preventive measures of banking frauds with reference to Indian banking sector (Issue Icrbss 2023). Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-374-0_34
Triantoro, H. D., Utami, I., & Joseph, C. (2018). Whistleblowing system, machiavellian personality, fraud intention: An experimental study. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 202–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2019-0003
Wells, J. T. (2005). Corporate fraud handbook: Prevention and detection. John Wiley & Sons.
West, J., & Bhattacharya, M. (2016). Intelligent financial fraud detection: A comprehensive review. Computers and Security, 57, 47–66.