Main Article Content

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of corporate governance and political connections on the potential for financial statement fraud in extractive industry companies listed on the IDX for the 2018-2023 period. The sampling was performed using the purposive sampling method. A logistic regression analysis was performed. The results of this research indicate that corporate governance proxied by the frequency of audit committee meetings, managerial ownership, and related party transactions has a positive effect on the potential for financial statement fraud, while the size of the board of directors has no effect. Political connections proxied by government ownership and politically connected boards negatively affect the potential for financial statement fraud. The addition of control variables, namely firm growth, has a positive effect on the potential for financial statement fraud, whereas firm size has no effect.

Keywords

Financial Statement Fraud Corporate Governance political connections

Article Details

References

  1. Ababneh, T. A. M., & Aga, M. (2019). The impact of sustainable financial data governance, political connections, and creative accounting practices on organizational outcomes. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205676
  2. Abubakar, H., Lawal, A. M., & Mohamed, M. I. (2020). Ownership structure and real earnings management: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Management Theory and Practice, 1(3), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2020.1.3.61
  3. Alkhataybeh, A., AlSmadi, S. A., Shakhatreh, M. Z., & Khataybeh, M. A. (2022). Government ownership and corporate cash holdings: Empirical evidence from the Amman Stock Exchange. Sustainability, 14(18), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811168
  4. Ashafoke, T. O., & Aderin, A. (2023). Do politically connected directors affect fraudulent financial reporting: Evidence from Nigeria Listed Firms. Journal of Accounting & Management, 13(1), 89–103. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/46872/
  5. Astrawan, M. I., & Achmad, T. (2023). Pengaruh efektivitas auditor spesialisasi industri, fee audit, dan komite audit terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan (studi kasus pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2019-2021). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 12(2), 1–14. https://repofeb.undip.ac.id/12405/
  6. Beneish, M. D. (1999). The detection of earnings manipulation. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(5), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v55.n5.2296
  7. Bertrand, M., Kramarz, F., Schoar, A., & Thesmar, D. (2018). The cost of political connections. Review of Finance, 22(3), 849–876. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfy008
  8. Boso, N., Danso, A., Leonidou, C., Uddin, M., Adeola, O., & Hultman, M. (2017). Does financial resource slack drive sustainability expenditure in developing economy small and medium-sized enterprises? Journal of Business Research, 80(6), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.06.016
  9. Brogi, M., Gallucci, C., & Santulli, R. (2021). Does one size fit all? A configurational approach to board effectiveness in limiting the excess cash. Management Decision, 59(13), 136–163. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2020-0999
  10. Brugués, F., Brugués, J., & Giambra, S. (2024). Political connections and misallocation of procurement contracts: Evidence from Ecuador. Journal of Development Economics, 170(April), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103296
  11. Craja, P., Kim, A., & Lessmann, S. (2020). Deep learning for detecting financial statement fraud. Decision Support Systems, 139(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2020.113421
  12. Dahlan, M., & Andesto, R. (2022). The characteristic influence of the board of commissioners, on financial reporting fraud and its implications on the value of the company. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies, 4(1), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.1.37
  13. Daresta, T., & Suryani Elly. (2022). Pengaruh faktor-faktor kolusi terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Journal of Management & Business, 5(2), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v5i2.2893
  14. Dewi, K., & Anisykurlillah, I. (2021). Analysis of the effect of fraud pentagon factors on fraudulent financial statement with audit committee as moderating variable. Accounting Analysis Journal, 10(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v10i1.44520
  15. Diah, E., Arum, P., Wijaya, R., Wahyudi, I., & Brilliant, A. B. (2023). Corporate governance and financial statement fraud during the COVID-19 : Study of Companies under Special Monitoring in Indonesia. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(7), 318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16070318
  16. Dose, & Klimoski. (1995). Doing the right thing in the workplace: Responsibility in the face of accountability. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 8(1), 35–56. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf02621254
  17. El-Helaly, M. (2018). Related-party transactions: a review of the regulation, governance and auditing literature. Managerial Auditing Journal, 33(8–9), 779–806. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-07-2017-1602
  18. Faccio, M., Masulis, R. W., & Mcconnell, J. J. (2006). Political connections and corporate bailouts. Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2597–2635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01000.x
  19. Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law & Economics, 26(2), 301–325.
  20. Girau, E., Bujang, I., & Jidwin, A. (2022). Corporate governance challenges and opportunities in mitigating corporate fraud in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(2), 620–638. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2021-0045
  21. Habib, A., Muhammadi, A. H., & Jiang, H. (2017). Political connections and related party transactions: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Accounting, 52(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2017.01.004
  22. Hope, O., & Lu, H. R. (2019). Economic consequences of corporate governance disclosure : Evidence from the 2006 SEC Regulation on Related-Party Transactions. The Accounting Review, 95(4), 263–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-52608
  23. Ismail Khan, N., & Muhammad Hapiz, A. A. (2022). Financial statement fraud: Evidence from Malaysian public listed companies. Jurnal Intelek, 17(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.24191/ji.v17i1.15937
  24. Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
  25. Kabwe, M. (2023). Fraudulent financial reporting and related party transactions. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 12(2), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i2.2365
  26. Kaituko, L. E., Githaiga, P. N., & Chelogoi, S. K. (2023). Board structure and the likelihood of financial statement fraud. Does audit fee matter? Evidence from manufacturing firms in the East Africa community. Cogent Business and Management, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2218175
  27. Kholid, A. W. N., Utami, E. R., & Kresnawati, E. (2023). Political connections and executive remuneration in Indonesia: Does the Role of Institutional Ownership Matters? Accounting Analysis Journal, 11(2), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v11i2.59862
  28. Kurnia, Z., Arum, E. D. P., & Wijaya Z., R. (2024). The influence of corporate governance on financial report fraud with company size as a moderating variable in infrastructure, utilities, and transportation companies listed on the indonesian stock exchange during the period 2019-2021. Cashflow Current Advanced Research on Sharia Finance and Economic Worldwide, 3(2), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.55047/cashflow.v3i2.962
  29. Kusuma, H., & Fitriani, N. (2020). Ownership structure and the likelihood of financial reporting fraud. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(1), 121–140.
  30. Liang, Q., Wang, Z., Guan, X., & Qin, W. (2023). Party direct control and corporate fraud: Evidence from China. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 92(10), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2023.10.008
  31. Maccarthy, J. (2017). Using Altman Z-score and Beneish M-score Models to Detect Financial Fraud and Corporate Failure: A Case Study of Enron Corporation. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(6), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijfa.20170606.01
  32. Maulidi, A., Shonhadji, N., Fachruzzaman, Sari, R. P., Nuswantara, D. A., & Widuri, R. (2023). Are female CFOs more ethical to the occurrences of financial reporting fraud? Theoretical and empirical evidence from cross-listed firms in the US. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(5), 1342–1366. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2022-0170
  33. McLaughlin, C., Armstrong, S., Moustafa, M. W., & Elamer, A. A. (2021). Audit committee diversity and corporate scandals: evidence from the UK. International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 29(5), 734–763. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-01-2021-0024
  34. Monks, R. A. G., & Minow, N. (2011). Corporate governance. In Corporate and Business Strategy Review (Vol. 2, Issue 2).
  35. Mukhibad, H., Jayanto, P. Y., & Anisykurlillah, I. (2021). Islamic corporate governance and financial statements fraud: A study of islamic banks. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 10(2), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.22495/JGRV10I2SIART16
  36. Nasir, N. A. B. M., Ali, M. J., & Ahmed, K. (2019). Corporate governance, board ethnicity and financial statement fraud: evidence from Malaysia. Accounting Research Journal, 32(3), 514–531. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-02-2018-0024
  37. Negoro, D. A., & Wakan, M. (2022). Effect of capital structure , liquidity , and profitability on financial distress with the effectiveness of the audit committee as variable moderate. American International Journal of Business Management, 5(06), 63–82.
  38. Nurcahyono, N., Hanum, A. N., Kristiana, I., & Pamungkas, I. D. (2021). Predicting fraudulent financial statement risk: The testing dechow f-score financial sector company in Indonesia. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 9(6), 1487–1494. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2021.090625
  39. Nurliasari, K. E., & Achmad, T. (2020). Pengaruh karakteristik komite audit terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan. Diponegoro Journal Of Accounting, 9(1), 1–12. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting/article/view/27581
  40. Pakdelan, S., Azar Brahman, A., & Heydari Filabadi, G. (2022). Investigating the relationship between transactions with affiliates and fraudulent reporting by explaining the moderating role of corporate governance companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies, 4(4), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.4.16
  41. Preuss, S., & Königsgruber, R. (2021). How do corporate political connections influence financial reporting? A synthesis of the literature. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 40(1), 106802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2020.106802
  42. Probohudono, A. N., Lubis, A. T., Nahartyo, E., & Arifah, S. (2022). Governance structure and the tendency to do financial statements fraud. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 26(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol26.iss1.art6
  43. Purwiyanti, D., & Laksito, H. (2022). The effect of audit committee effectiveness and potential fraudulent financial statements. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Sistem Informasi, 7(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.32486/aksi.v7i1.273
  44. Ratmono, D., Darsono, D., & Cahyonowati, N. (2020). Financial statement fraud detection with Beneish M-Score and Dechow F-Score model: An empirical analysis of fraud pentagon theory in Indonesia. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(6), 154. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n6p154
  45. Rezazadeh, J., & Mohammadi, A. (2019). Managerial ability, political connections, and fraudulent financial reporting in China. Journal of Accounting and Auditing Review, 26(2), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2017.02.004
  46. Rostami, V., & Rezaei, L. (2022). Corporate governance and fraudulent financial reporting. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(3), 1009–1026. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2021-0160
  47. Ruhnka, J. C., & Boerstler, H. (1998). Governmental incentives for corporate self-regulation. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(3), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005757628513
  48. Saudicha, M. S., & Kautsar, A. (2024). The effect of liquidity, leverage, firm size, ceo duality, political connection on financial distress with profitability as a moderating variable in property & real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the period 2018-2022. Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(3), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr53.9312024
  49. Setianingsih, R., Iswanaji, C., & Retnosari, R. (2024). Pengaruh ukuran dewan komisaris, dewan komisaris wanita, dan aktivitas komite audit terhadap manajemen laba perusahaan farmasi tahun 2018-2022. Akuntansiku, 3(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.54957/akuntansiku.v3i2.493
  50. Shan, Y. G., Troshani, I., Wang, J., & Zhang, L. (2024). Managerial ownership and financial distress: evidence from the Chinese stock market. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 20(1), 192–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-06-2022-0270
  51. Sudirman, I., Hasan, H., Kartini, Syamsuddin, & Nirwana. (2023). The fraud gone model and political connection – distribution approach. Journal of Distribution Science, 21(12), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.21.12.202312.71
  52. Tarighi, H., Hosseiny, Z. N., Abbaszadeh, M. R., & Zimon, G. (2022). How do financial distress risk and related party transactions. Risks, 10(46), 1–23.
  53. Tarjo, & Herawati, N. (2015). Application of Beneish M-Score models and data mining to detect financial fraud. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211(September), 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.122
  54. Tarjo, T., Prasetyono, P., Sakti, E., Pujiono, Mat-Isa, Y., & Safkaur, O. (2023). Predicting fraudulent financial statement using cash flow shenanigans. Business: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.15283
  55. Utomo, S. D., Machmuddah, Z., & Pamungkas, I. D. (2019). The effect of auditor switching and managerial ownership on fraudulent financial statement. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 16, 306–315. https://repository.dinus.ac.id/docs/jabfung/1154/10._Auditor_Switching.pdf
  56. Wang, Y., Ashton, J. K., & Liu, J. (2024). Does the form of state ownership and political connections influence the incidence of financial statement fraud? European Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2024.2363421
  57. Watts, R. L., Zimmerman, J. L., & Ross Watts, S. L. (1978). Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting. The Accounting Review, 53(I), 112–134. http://www.jstor.org/stable/245729%0Ahttp://about.jstor.org/terms
  58. Wicaksono, G. S., & Chariri, A. (2015). Mekanisme corporate governance dan kemungkinan kecurangan dalam pelaporan keuangan. Diponegoro Journal Of Accounting, 4(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting
  59. Wu, W., Johan, S. A., & Rui, O. M. (2016). Institutional investors, political connections, and the incidence of regulatory enforcement against corporate fraud. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(4), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2392-4
  60. Yendrawati, R., & Hernanda, S. A. (2022). Fraud hexagon: Pendeteksian potensi kecurangan laporan keuangan menggunakan Beneish M-Score Model. Prosiding National Seminar on Accounting, Finance, and Economics (NSAFE), 2(5), 73–84. http://conference.um.ac.id/index.php/nsafe/article/view/2778
  61. Yendrawati, R., Riantika, R. L., Kusumadewi, F. Z., Azmi, N. A., & Mohd-Sanusi, Z. (2023). Effects of corporate governance and financial performance on fraudulent financial statements: Evidence from Indonesia’s property, real estate, and building construction sectors. Management and Accounting Review, 22(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.24191/mar.v22i01-01
  62. Zhang, J. (2018). Public governance and corporate fraud: Evidence from the recent anti-corruption campaign in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(2), 375–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3025-x
  63. Zimon, G., Appolloni, A., Tarighi, H., Shahmohammadi, S., & Daneshpou, E. (2021). Earnings management, related party transactions and corporate performance: The moderating role of internal control. Risks, 9(8), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks9080146