Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of sustainability reporting on financial reporting quality in Indonesian manufacturing companies during 2022–2024. Using 375 firm-year observations from 125 listed firms, this study applies panel data regression with the Random Effects Model (REM). The results show that sustainability reporting, sustainability reporting quality, and audit quality do not significantly influence financial reporting quality. In contrast, revenue growth and leverage negatively affect financial reporting quality, whereas firm size and tangibility positively influence reporting quality. These findings indicate that firms’ financial characteristics play a more substantial role in determining reporting quality than sustainability disclosure practices. This study contributes to sustainability accounting literature by providing evidence from an emerging market context. Future research should examine governance mechanisms, ESG assurance, and industry-specific factors to better explain variations in financial reporting quality.
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References
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- Alsayegh, M. F. (2025). Nexus between sustainability reporting disclosure and financial performance: A comprehensive analysis of Saudi Arabia’s manufacturing industry. Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v7i1.3250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v7i1.3250
- Al-Shaer, H. (2020). Sustainability reporting quality and post-audit financial reporting quality: Empirical evidence from the UK. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2355–2373. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2507
- ALShanti, A. M., Al-Azab, H. A. H., Humeedat, M. M., & AlQudah, M. Z. (2024). Exploring the evolution of creative accounting and external auditors: bibliometric analysis. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2300500 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2300500
- Ani, M. K. A. L. (2021). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial reporting quality: Evidence from gulf cooperation council countries. Borsa Istanbul Review, 21, S25–S37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.01.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.01.006
- Aqabna, S. M., Aga, M., & Jabari, H. N. (2023). Firm performance, corporate social responsibility and the impact of earnings management during COVID-19: Evidence from MENA region. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021485 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021485
- Attia, E. F., Khémiri, W., & Mehafdi, M. (2023). Does ownership structure reduce earnings manipulation practice of Egyptian listed firms? Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00213-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00213-4
- Baumüller, J., & Sopp, K. (2022). Double materiality and the shift from non-financial to European sustainability reporting: review, outlook and implications. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 23(1), 8–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2021-0114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2021-0114
- Biddle, G. C., Hilary, G., & Verdi, R. S. (2009). How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency?. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 48(2–3), 112–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.09.001
- Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
- Chen, H., Chen, J. Z., Lobo, G. J., & Wang, Y. (2011). Effects of audit quality on earnings management and cost of equity capital: Evidence from China. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(3), 892–925. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01088.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01088.x
- Chulkov, D., & Wang, X. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and financial reporting quality: Evidence from US firms. Studies in Economics and Finance, 40(3), 445–466. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-09-2022-0462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-09-2022-0462
- de Souza, J. A. S., Flach, L., Borba, J. A., & Broietti, C. (2019). Financial reporting quality and sustainability information disclosure in Brazil. Brazilian Business Review, 16(6), 555–575. https://doi.org/10.15728/BBR.2019.16.6.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2019.16.6.2
- Dechow, P., Ge, W., & Schrand, C. (2010). Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 344–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001
- Ferdous, L. T., Rana, T., & Yeboah, R. (2025). Decoding the impact of firm‐level ESG performance on financial disclosure quality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 34(1), 162–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3982
- Gonçalves, T., Gaio, C., & Ferro, A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and earnings management: Moderating impact of economic cycles and financial performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179969
- Huang, X., Wang, X., Han, L., & Laker, B. (2023). Does sound lending infrastructure foster better financial reporting quality of SMEs?. European Journal of Finance, 29, 542–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2022.2075281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2022.2075281
- Kothari, S. P., Mizik, N., & Roychowdhury, S. (2016). Managing for the moment: The role of earnings management via real activities versus accruals in SEO valuation. Accounting Review, 91(2), 559–586. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51153
- Kusnadi, Y., Leong, K. S., Suwardy, T., & Wang, J. (2016). Audit committees and financial reporting quality in Singapore. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(1), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2679-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2679-0
- Maricar, T. R., & Almalita, Y. (2022). Pengaruh fixed asset turnover, umur perusahaan dan faktor lainnya terhadap manajemen laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 2(3), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v2i3.1605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v2i3.1605
- Mihai, F., & Aleca, O. E. (2023). Sustainability reporting based on gri standards within organizations in Romania. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030690
- Mohmed, A., Flynn, A., & Grey, C. (2020). The link between CSR and earnings quality: Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 10(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-10-2018-0109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-10-2018-0109
- Nufus, H., & Almalita, Y. (2023). Corporate governance dan profitabilitas terhadap earnings management pada perusahaan non-keuangan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 3(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i2.2100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i2.2100
- Özer, G., Aktaş, N., & Çam, İ. (2024). Corporate environmental, social, and governance activities and financial reporting quality: An international investigation. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(3), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.03.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.03.001
- Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467
- Parmar, B. L., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Purnell, L., & De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Academy of management annals, 4(1), 403-445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2010.495581
- Pucheta-Martínez, M. C., Bel-Oms, I., & Olcina-Sempere, G. (2018). Female institutional directors on boards and firm value. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(2), 343–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3265-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3265-9
- PWC. (2023). Survei Investor Global PwC 2023. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/media-centre/press-release/2024/indonesian/survei-investor--global-pwc-2023.html
- Qirem, I. A. El, Alshehadeh, A. R., Al-Khawaja, H. A., Elrefae, G. A., Jebril, I., & Alshehade, S. A. (2023). The impact of sustainability accounting on financial reporting quality: Evidence from the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors on the ASE. Journal of Logistics, Informatics and Service Science, 10(4), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.33168/JLISS.2023.0405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33168/JLISS.2023.0405
- Rahayu, Y. P., & Yendrawati, R. (2025). Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure: A study on audit committee, audit quality, and company size. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 29(1), 183-193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol29.iss1.art15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol29.iss1.art15
- Revata, R., & Almalita, Y. (2023). Pengaruh likuiditas, struktur modal dan aktivitas terhadap nilai perusahaan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 3(4), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i4.2288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i4.2288
- Saardchom, N. (2013). Enterprise risk management under sustainability platform. Journal of Business and Economics, 4(1), 32-41. http://www.academicstar.us
- Sebrina, N., Taqwa, S., Afriyenti, M., & Septiari, D. (2023). Analysis of sustainability reporting quality and corporate social responsibility on companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. Cogent Business and Management, 10. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2157975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2157975
- Wang, X., Cao, F., & Ye, K. (2018). Mandatory corporate social responsibility (csr) reporting and financial reporting quality: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(1), 253–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3296-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3296-2
- Yuliawati, R., Sidharta, E. A., & Juliardi, D. (2021). Relationship of the audit committee with financial reporting quality: meta-analysis. Southeast Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 25(1), 151-159
References
Alroud, S. F. (2025). Digital transformation as a moderator: A study of the impacts of sustainability reporting disclosure on financial reporting quality in the jordanian banking sector. Economics - Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 13(2), 389–413. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0046
Alsayegh, M. F. (2025). Nexus between sustainability reporting disclosure and financial performance: A comprehensive analysis of Saudi Arabia’s manufacturing industry. Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v7i1.3250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v7i1.3250
Al-Shaer, H. (2020). Sustainability reporting quality and post-audit financial reporting quality: Empirical evidence from the UK. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2355–2373. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2507
ALShanti, A. M., Al-Azab, H. A. H., Humeedat, M. M., & AlQudah, M. Z. (2024). Exploring the evolution of creative accounting and external auditors: bibliometric analysis. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2300500 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2300500
Ani, M. K. A. L. (2021). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial reporting quality: Evidence from gulf cooperation council countries. Borsa Istanbul Review, 21, S25–S37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.01.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.01.006
Aqabna, S. M., Aga, M., & Jabari, H. N. (2023). Firm performance, corporate social responsibility and the impact of earnings management during COVID-19: Evidence from MENA region. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021485 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021485
Attia, E. F., Khémiri, W., & Mehafdi, M. (2023). Does ownership structure reduce earnings manipulation practice of Egyptian listed firms? Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00213-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00213-4
Baumüller, J., & Sopp, K. (2022). Double materiality and the shift from non-financial to European sustainability reporting: review, outlook and implications. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 23(1), 8–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2021-0114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2021-0114
Biddle, G. C., Hilary, G., & Verdi, R. S. (2009). How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency?. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 48(2–3), 112–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.09.001
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
Chen, H., Chen, J. Z., Lobo, G. J., & Wang, Y. (2011). Effects of audit quality on earnings management and cost of equity capital: Evidence from China. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(3), 892–925. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01088.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01088.x
Chulkov, D., & Wang, X. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and financial reporting quality: Evidence from US firms. Studies in Economics and Finance, 40(3), 445–466. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-09-2022-0462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-09-2022-0462
de Souza, J. A. S., Flach, L., Borba, J. A., & Broietti, C. (2019). Financial reporting quality and sustainability information disclosure in Brazil. Brazilian Business Review, 16(6), 555–575. https://doi.org/10.15728/BBR.2019.16.6.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2019.16.6.2
Dechow, P., Ge, W., & Schrand, C. (2010). Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 344–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001
Ferdous, L. T., Rana, T., & Yeboah, R. (2025). Decoding the impact of firm‐level ESG performance on financial disclosure quality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 34(1), 162–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3982
Gonçalves, T., Gaio, C., & Ferro, A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and earnings management: Moderating impact of economic cycles and financial performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179969
Huang, X., Wang, X., Han, L., & Laker, B. (2023). Does sound lending infrastructure foster better financial reporting quality of SMEs?. European Journal of Finance, 29, 542–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2022.2075281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2022.2075281
Kothari, S. P., Mizik, N., & Roychowdhury, S. (2016). Managing for the moment: The role of earnings management via real activities versus accruals in SEO valuation. Accounting Review, 91(2), 559–586. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51153
Kusnadi, Y., Leong, K. S., Suwardy, T., & Wang, J. (2016). Audit committees and financial reporting quality in Singapore. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(1), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2679-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2679-0
Maricar, T. R., & Almalita, Y. (2022). Pengaruh fixed asset turnover, umur perusahaan dan faktor lainnya terhadap manajemen laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 2(3), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v2i3.1605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v2i3.1605
Mihai, F., & Aleca, O. E. (2023). Sustainability reporting based on gri standards within organizations in Romania. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030690
Mohmed, A., Flynn, A., & Grey, C. (2020). The link between CSR and earnings quality: Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 10(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-10-2018-0109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-10-2018-0109
Nufus, H., & Almalita, Y. (2023). Corporate governance dan profitabilitas terhadap earnings management pada perusahaan non-keuangan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 3(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i2.2100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i2.2100
Özer, G., Aktaş, N., & Çam, İ. (2024). Corporate environmental, social, and governance activities and financial reporting quality: An international investigation. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(3), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.03.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.03.001
Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467
Parmar, B. L., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Purnell, L., & De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Academy of management annals, 4(1), 403-445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2010.495581
Pucheta-Martínez, M. C., Bel-Oms, I., & Olcina-Sempere, G. (2018). Female institutional directors on boards and firm value. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(2), 343–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3265-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3265-9
PWC. (2023). Survei Investor Global PwC 2023. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/media-centre/press-release/2024/indonesian/survei-investor--global-pwc-2023.html
Qirem, I. A. El, Alshehadeh, A. R., Al-Khawaja, H. A., Elrefae, G. A., Jebril, I., & Alshehade, S. A. (2023). The impact of sustainability accounting on financial reporting quality: Evidence from the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors on the ASE. Journal of Logistics, Informatics and Service Science, 10(4), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.33168/JLISS.2023.0405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33168/JLISS.2023.0405
Rahayu, Y. P., & Yendrawati, R. (2025). Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure: A study on audit committee, audit quality, and company size. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 29(1), 183-193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol29.iss1.art15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol29.iss1.art15
Revata, R., & Almalita, Y. (2023). Pengaruh likuiditas, struktur modal dan aktivitas terhadap nilai perusahaan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 3(4), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i4.2288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i4.2288
Saardchom, N. (2013). Enterprise risk management under sustainability platform. Journal of Business and Economics, 4(1), 32-41. http://www.academicstar.us
Sebrina, N., Taqwa, S., Afriyenti, M., & Septiari, D. (2023). Analysis of sustainability reporting quality and corporate social responsibility on companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. Cogent Business and Management, 10. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2157975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2157975
Wang, X., Cao, F., & Ye, K. (2018). Mandatory corporate social responsibility (csr) reporting and financial reporting quality: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(1), 253–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3296-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3296-2
Yuliawati, R., Sidharta, E. A., & Juliardi, D. (2021). Relationship of the audit committee with financial reporting quality: meta-analysis. Southeast Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 25(1), 151-159