Main Article Content
Abstract
This research investigates tax avoidance practices and earnings management among Indonesian consumer companies. The study examines the influence of thin capitalization, transfer pricing, and company life cycle on tax avoidance behaviors and their subsequent impact on earnings management. A total of 115 observations were obtained from 23 companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over a 5-year period (2018-2022) using purposive sampling. Panel data regression analysis revealed that thin capitalization negatively affects tax avoidance, while transfer pricing and company life cycle show no significant impact. Transfer pricing and company life cycle positively influence earnings management, while tax avoidance demonstrates a significant negative effect. These findings contribute to understanding corporate tax behavior and financial reporting quality in Indonesia's consumer sector and provide insights for regulators and investors.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Hari Setiyawati

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Anggraini, R., & Nyale, M. H. Y. (2022). Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan investment opportunity set terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderasi. Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS), 4(1), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v4i1.2051
- Arman, A., & Mira, M. (2021). Does tax avoidance make do earning opacity?. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 4(1), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.33096/atestasi.v4i1.655
- Fabby, Z. M., & Nugraeni, N. (2025). Pengaruh thin capitalization terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan financial distress sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Media Informatika, 7(1), 1-8.
- Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan pogram IBM SPSS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Gouwvara, N., & Susanty, M. (2023). Pengaruh thin capitalization dan faktor lainnya terhadap penghindaran pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 3(2), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i2.2078
- Hamidah., Junaidi., & Rialdy, N. (2023). Perpajakan. Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.
- Hendi., & Julianti. (2021). Pengaruh transfer pricing terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(1), 2622–2205. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.20
- Hongler, P. (2021). International law of taxation. Oxford University Press.
- Irawan, F., & Novitasari, R. (2021). The impact of thin capitalization rules as a tool of tax avoidance on tax revenue. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(4).
- Irawan, F., Kinanti, A., & Suhendra, M. (2020). The impact of transfer pricing and earning management on tax avoidance. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(3), 3202–3216. www.investindonesia.go.id
- Kasibi, G. L., Fauzan, M. F., Ibrahim, F. R., & Tarmidi, D. (2023). Firm value: impact financial performance, leverage, firm size, and tax avoidance. International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 5(04), 451-458.
- Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J., & Warfield, T. D. (2016). Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition (IFRS Edition). John Wiley & Sons.
- Kliestik, T., Belas, J., Valaskova, K., Nica, E., & Durana, P. (2021). Earnings management in V4 countries: the evidence of earnings smoothing and inflating. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 34(1), 1452–1470. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1831944
- Kumar, S., Pandey, N., Lim, W. M., Chatterjee, A. N., & Pandey, N. (2021). What do we know about transfer pricing? Insights from bibliometric analysis. Journal of Business Research, 134(March), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.041
- Kurniawati, D., & Mukti, A. H. (2023). The effect of thin capitalization, capital intensity on tax avoidance with institutional ownership moderating variable. Governors, 2(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.47709/governors.v2i1.2021
- Lestari, T., Suranta, E., & Midiastuty, P. P. (2020). Pengaruh siklus hidup perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Manajemen, 1(3), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.20
- Mahardika, R., & Irawan, F. (2022). The impact of thin capitalization rules on capital structure and tax avoidance. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 11(2), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i2art1
- Marfiana, A., & Putra, Y. P. M. (2021). The effect of employee benefit liabilities, sales growth, capital intensity, and earning management on tax avoidance. Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 7(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.35906/jm001.v7i1.718
- Mooij, R. de, & Liu, L. (2020). At a cost: the real effects of transfer pricing regulations. IMF Economic Review, 68(1), 268–306. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-019-00105-0
- Murkana, R., & Putra, Y. M. (2020). Analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi praktek penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017. Profita: Komunikasi Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Perpajakan, 13(1), 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/profita.2020.v13i1.004
- Pohan, C. A. (2019). Pedoman Lengkap Pajak Internasional Ed. Revisi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- Rahman, H. A., & Utami, W. (2021). Determinant of Tax Aggressiveness: Gender Diversity as Moderator. Archives of BusinessResearch, 9(10), 223-237.
- Roslita, E., & A. Safitri. 2022. Pengaruh kinerja dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tindakan penghindaran pajak. Esensi: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 25(2), 189–201. https://ibn.e-journal.id/index.php/ESENSI/article/download/482/378
- Sari, D., Utama, S., Fitriany, & Rahayu, N. (2020). Transfer pricing practices and specific anti-avoidance rules in Asian developing countries. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(3), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2018-0541
- Sari, A. K., Deviyanti, D. R., & Kusumawardani, A. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi voluntary auditor switching pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di bei periode 2010-2015. Akuntabel, 15(1), 17-28.
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2017). Metode penelitian untuk bisnis pendekatan pengembangan keahlian. Salemba Empat.
- Sekaran U, Bougie R. (2019). Metode Penelitian untuk Bisnis Pendekatan Pengembangan-Keahlian Edisi 6 Buku 2. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
- Shawver, T. J. (2021). Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting. Emerald Publishing Limited.
- Sianipar, N. K., Yahya, I., & Sadalia, I. (2020). The determinants of tax avoidance with firm size as moderating variable at multinational companies. International Journal of Research and Review, 7, 237-242.
- Tarmizi, A., Perkasa, D. H., Meliantari, D., & Wahdiawati, S. A. (2023). The Effect of Institutional Ownership, Family Ownership, and Thin Capitalization on Tax Avoidance. KnE Social Sciences, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i12.13645
- Tjhoa, E. (2020). Pengaruh free cash flow, pertumbuhan perusahaan, return on assets, cash ratio, debt to equity ratio dan firm size terhadap kebijakan dividen (studi empiris pada perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015. Ultimaccounting : Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi, 12(1), 44–67. https://doi.org/10.31937/akuntansi.v12i1.1570
- Wang, Z., Akbar, M., & Akbar, A. (2020). The interplay between working capital management and a firm’s financial performance across the corporate life cycle. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041661
- Wen, W., Cui, H., & Ke, Y. (2020). Directors with foreign experience and corporate tax avoidance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 62(February), 101624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101624
- Widiyantoro, C. S., & Sitorus, R. R. (2019). Pengaruh Transfer Pricing Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderating. Media Akuntansi Perpajakan, 4(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.56696/jaka.v1i2.4281
- Zai, G. M., & Masyitah, E. (2023). Pengaruh perencanaan pajak, ukuran perusahaan, beban pajak tangguhan, profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor barang dan konsumsi periode 2018-2020. Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 1(1), 28-51.
- Zhang, X., Husnain, M., Yang, H., Ullah, S., Abbas, J., & Zhang, R. (2022). Corporate business strategy and tax avoidance culture: moderating role of gender diversity in an emerging economy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(May), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827553
References
Anggraini, R., & Nyale, M. H. Y. (2022). Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan investment opportunity set terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderasi. Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS), 4(1), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v4i1.2051
Arman, A., & Mira, M. (2021). Does tax avoidance make do earning opacity?. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 4(1), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.33096/atestasi.v4i1.655
Fabby, Z. M., & Nugraeni, N. (2025). Pengaruh thin capitalization terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan financial distress sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Media Informatika, 7(1), 1-8.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan pogram IBM SPSS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gouwvara, N., & Susanty, M. (2023). Pengaruh thin capitalization dan faktor lainnya terhadap penghindaran pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi TSM, 3(2), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.34208/ejatsm.v3i2.2078
Hamidah., Junaidi., & Rialdy, N. (2023). Perpajakan. Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.
Hendi., & Julianti. (2021). Pengaruh transfer pricing terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(1), 2622–2205. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.20
Hongler, P. (2021). International law of taxation. Oxford University Press.
Irawan, F., & Novitasari, R. (2021). The impact of thin capitalization rules as a tool of tax avoidance on tax revenue. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(4).
Irawan, F., Kinanti, A., & Suhendra, M. (2020). The impact of transfer pricing and earning management on tax avoidance. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(3), 3202–3216. www.investindonesia.go.id
Kasibi, G. L., Fauzan, M. F., Ibrahim, F. R., & Tarmidi, D. (2023). Firm value: impact financial performance, leverage, firm size, and tax avoidance. International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 5(04), 451-458.
Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J., & Warfield, T. D. (2016). Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition (IFRS Edition). John Wiley & Sons.
Kliestik, T., Belas, J., Valaskova, K., Nica, E., & Durana, P. (2021). Earnings management in V4 countries: the evidence of earnings smoothing and inflating. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 34(1), 1452–1470. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1831944
Kumar, S., Pandey, N., Lim, W. M., Chatterjee, A. N., & Pandey, N. (2021). What do we know about transfer pricing? Insights from bibliometric analysis. Journal of Business Research, 134(March), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.041
Kurniawati, D., & Mukti, A. H. (2023). The effect of thin capitalization, capital intensity on tax avoidance with institutional ownership moderating variable. Governors, 2(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.47709/governors.v2i1.2021
Lestari, T., Suranta, E., & Midiastuty, P. P. (2020). Pengaruh siklus hidup perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Manajemen, 1(3), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.20
Mahardika, R., & Irawan, F. (2022). The impact of thin capitalization rules on capital structure and tax avoidance. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 11(2), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i2art1
Marfiana, A., & Putra, Y. P. M. (2021). The effect of employee benefit liabilities, sales growth, capital intensity, and earning management on tax avoidance. Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 7(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.35906/jm001.v7i1.718
Mooij, R. de, & Liu, L. (2020). At a cost: the real effects of transfer pricing regulations. IMF Economic Review, 68(1), 268–306. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-019-00105-0
Murkana, R., & Putra, Y. M. (2020). Analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi praktek penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017. Profita: Komunikasi Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Perpajakan, 13(1), 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/profita.2020.v13i1.004
Pohan, C. A. (2019). Pedoman Lengkap Pajak Internasional Ed. Revisi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Rahman, H. A., & Utami, W. (2021). Determinant of Tax Aggressiveness: Gender Diversity as Moderator. Archives of BusinessResearch, 9(10), 223-237.
Roslita, E., & A. Safitri. 2022. Pengaruh kinerja dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tindakan penghindaran pajak. Esensi: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 25(2), 189–201. https://ibn.e-journal.id/index.php/ESENSI/article/download/482/378
Sari, D., Utama, S., Fitriany, & Rahayu, N. (2020). Transfer pricing practices and specific anti-avoidance rules in Asian developing countries. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(3), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2018-0541
Sari, A. K., Deviyanti, D. R., & Kusumawardani, A. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi voluntary auditor switching pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di bei periode 2010-2015. Akuntabel, 15(1), 17-28.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2017). Metode penelitian untuk bisnis pendekatan pengembangan keahlian. Salemba Empat.
Sekaran U, Bougie R. (2019). Metode Penelitian untuk Bisnis Pendekatan Pengembangan-Keahlian Edisi 6 Buku 2. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Shawver, T. J. (2021). Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Sianipar, N. K., Yahya, I., & Sadalia, I. (2020). The determinants of tax avoidance with firm size as moderating variable at multinational companies. International Journal of Research and Review, 7, 237-242.
Tarmizi, A., Perkasa, D. H., Meliantari, D., & Wahdiawati, S. A. (2023). The Effect of Institutional Ownership, Family Ownership, and Thin Capitalization on Tax Avoidance. KnE Social Sciences, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i12.13645
Tjhoa, E. (2020). Pengaruh free cash flow, pertumbuhan perusahaan, return on assets, cash ratio, debt to equity ratio dan firm size terhadap kebijakan dividen (studi empiris pada perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015. Ultimaccounting : Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi, 12(1), 44–67. https://doi.org/10.31937/akuntansi.v12i1.1570
Wang, Z., Akbar, M., & Akbar, A. (2020). The interplay between working capital management and a firm’s financial performance across the corporate life cycle. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041661
Wen, W., Cui, H., & Ke, Y. (2020). Directors with foreign experience and corporate tax avoidance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 62(February), 101624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101624
Widiyantoro, C. S., & Sitorus, R. R. (2019). Pengaruh Transfer Pricing Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderating. Media Akuntansi Perpajakan, 4(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.56696/jaka.v1i2.4281
Zai, G. M., & Masyitah, E. (2023). Pengaruh perencanaan pajak, ukuran perusahaan, beban pajak tangguhan, profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor barang dan konsumsi periode 2018-2020. Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 1(1), 28-51.
Zhang, X., Husnain, M., Yang, H., Ullah, S., Abbas, J., & Zhang, R. (2022). Corporate business strategy and tax avoidance culture: moderating role of gender diversity in an emerging economy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(May), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827553