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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Whistleblowing System (WBS) at PT XYZ by comparing the company’s disclosed WBS policies with the Whistleblowing System Guidelines issued by the National Committee on Governance Policy (Komite Nasional Kebijakan Governance [KNKG]) and by examining the alignment between the company’s stated policies and their actual implementation within its organizational environment and daily operations. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that, in general, PT XYZ’s WBS policies conform to the KNKG guidelines. However, two key elements—continuous education and training and incentive mechanisms for whistleblowers—have not yet been implemented. The Human Capital and Internal Audit Departments explained that ongoing training and socialization activities have been conducted through programs on corporate culture and values, which they believe implicitly cover WBS principles. In contrast, employees outside the main departments responsible for WBS emphasized that dedicated and periodic training on whistleblowing procedures, separate from cultural orientation programs, is necessary. Moreover, several employees expressed the need for an additional reporting channel in the form of a dedicated and user-friendly digital application to enhance accessibility and confidentiality in reporting.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Wildan El Firdausy, Desi Adhariani, Rachman Untung Budiman, Arman Hendiyanto, Helen Riyani Tanzil

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References
- Al Dossari, A. F. (2025). Whistleblowing as an emerging norm for optimising corporate governance: Prospects and challenges for implementation. Corporate Law & Governance Review, 7(3), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv7i3sip4
- Anand, R. (2019). Corporate governance: Role of HR. NHRD Network Journal, 12(4), 301–310.
- Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). (2020). Report to the nations: 2020 global study on occupational fraud and abuse. Retrieved from 2020 ACFE Report to the Nations
- Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). (2024). Occupational fraud 2024: A report to the nations. Retrieved from https://legacy.acfe.com/report-to-the-nations/2024/
- Auzan, M. (2018). Evaluasi implementasi whistleblowing system pada PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
- Ayers, S., & Kaplan, S. E. (2005). Wrongdoing by consultants: An examination of employees’ reporting intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(2), 121–137.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
- Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2013). Internal control—Integrated framework: Executive summary. Retrieved from https://www.coso.org/Shared%20Documents/Framework-ExecutiveSummary.pdf
- Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors (CIIA). (2014). Whistleblowing and corporate governance. Institute of Internal Auditors.
- Chung, J., Monroe, G., dan Thorne, L. (2004). An examination of factors affecting external and internal whistle-blowing by auditors. Research seminar. The University of NSW School of Accounting.
- Devitt, J. K. (2015). Speaking up safely: Civil society guide to whistleblowing Middle East and North Africa region. Transparency International.
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- Forum for Corporate Governance in Indonesia (FCGI). (2001). Peran dewan komisaris dan komite audit dalam pelaksanaan corporate governance (tata kelola perusahaan). FCGI.
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- Kaplan, S. E., & Schultz, J. J. (2007). Intentions to report questionable acts: An examination of the influence of anonymous reporting channel, internal audit quality, and setting. Journal of Business Ethics, 71(2), 109–124.
- Kaptein, M. (2011). Understanding unethical behavior by unraveling ethical culture. Human relations, 64(6), 843-869. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872671039053
- Khalil, M. A. K. B. M., Nawawi, A. B., & Dato’Mahzan, N. (2014). The intervening effects of whistleblowing in reducing the risk of asset misappropriation. Journalof Businessand Economics, 1929.
- Komite Nasional Kebijakan Governance (KNKG). (2006). Pedoman umum good corporate governance Indonesia. KNKG.
- Komite Nasional Kebijakan Governance (KNKG). (2008). Pedoman sistem pelaporan pelanggaran (SPP). KNKG.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
- Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle-blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4(1), 1–16.
- Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1996). Whistle-blowing: Myth and reality. Journal of Management, 22(3), 507–526.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1999). Principles of corporate governance. OECD.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2015). G20/OECD principles of corporate governance. OECD.
- Pranoto, T. (2019, December 9). Quo va korup BUMN. Media Indonesia. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/kolom-pakar/276495/quo-va-korup-q-bumn
- Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334–340.
- Scherbarth, S., & Behringer, S. (2021). Whistleblowing systems: A systematic literature review on the design specifications and the consideration of the risk for organizational insiders to blow the whistle. Corporate Ownership & Control, 18(2), 60–73.
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of management review, 20(3), 571-610. https://doi.org/10.2307/258788
- Susanti, D. S., Sarah, N., & Hilimi, N. (2018). Korporasi Indonesia melawan korupsi: strategi pencegahan. Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi, 4(2), 207.
- Transparency International Indonesia (TII). (2016). Transparency in Corporate Reporting: 100 Perusahaan Terbesar di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://ti.or.id/books/trac-100-perusahaan-terbesar-di-indonesia/
- Triantoro, H. D., Utami, I., & Joseph, C. (2020). Whistleblowing system, Machiavellian personality, fraud intention: An experimental study. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 202-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2019-0003
- Young, J. A., Courtney, J. F., Bennett, R. J., Ellis, T. S., & Posey, C. (2021). The impact of anonymous, two-way, computer-mediated communication on perceived whistleblower credibility. Information Technology & People, 34(3), 1119–1151.
References
Al Dossari, A. F. (2025). Whistleblowing as an emerging norm for optimising corporate governance: Prospects and challenges for implementation. Corporate Law & Governance Review, 7(3), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv7i3sip4
Anand, R. (2019). Corporate governance: Role of HR. NHRD Network Journal, 12(4), 301–310.
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). (2020). Report to the nations: 2020 global study on occupational fraud and abuse. Retrieved from 2020 ACFE Report to the Nations
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). (2024). Occupational fraud 2024: A report to the nations. Retrieved from https://legacy.acfe.com/report-to-the-nations/2024/
Auzan, M. (2018). Evaluasi implementasi whistleblowing system pada PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
Ayers, S., & Kaplan, S. E. (2005). Wrongdoing by consultants: An examination of employees’ reporting intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(2), 121–137.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2013). Internal control—Integrated framework: Executive summary. Retrieved from https://www.coso.org/Shared%20Documents/Framework-ExecutiveSummary.pdf
Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors (CIIA). (2014). Whistleblowing and corporate governance. Institute of Internal Auditors.
Chung, J., Monroe, G., dan Thorne, L. (2004). An examination of factors affecting external and internal whistle-blowing by auditors. Research seminar. The University of NSW School of Accounting.
Devitt, J. K. (2015). Speaking up safely: Civil society guide to whistleblowing Middle East and North Africa region. Transparency International.
Dyck, A., Morse, A., & Zingales, L. (2010). Who blows the whistle on corporate fraud? The Journal of Finance, 65(6), 2213–2253.
Forum for Corporate Governance in Indonesia (FCGI). (2001). Peran dewan komisaris dan komite audit dalam pelaksanaan corporate governance (tata kelola perusahaan). FCGI.
International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2014). The Indonesia corporate governance manual. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.
Kaplan, S. E., & Schultz, J. J. (2007). Intentions to report questionable acts: An examination of the influence of anonymous reporting channel, internal audit quality, and setting. Journal of Business Ethics, 71(2), 109–124.
Kaptein, M. (2011). Understanding unethical behavior by unraveling ethical culture. Human relations, 64(6), 843-869. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872671039053
Khalil, M. A. K. B. M., Nawawi, A. B., & Dato’Mahzan, N. (2014). The intervening effects of whistleblowing in reducing the risk of asset misappropriation. Journalof Businessand Economics, 1929.
Komite Nasional Kebijakan Governance (KNKG). (2006). Pedoman umum good corporate governance Indonesia. KNKG.
Komite Nasional Kebijakan Governance (KNKG). (2008). Pedoman sistem pelaporan pelanggaran (SPP). KNKG.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle-blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4(1), 1–16.
Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1996). Whistle-blowing: Myth and reality. Journal of Management, 22(3), 507–526.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1999). Principles of corporate governance. OECD.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2015). G20/OECD principles of corporate governance. OECD.
Pranoto, T. (2019, December 9). Quo va korup BUMN. Media Indonesia. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/kolom-pakar/276495/quo-va-korup-q-bumn
Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334–340.
Scherbarth, S., & Behringer, S. (2021). Whistleblowing systems: A systematic literature review on the design specifications and the consideration of the risk for organizational insiders to blow the whistle. Corporate Ownership & Control, 18(2), 60–73.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of management review, 20(3), 571-610. https://doi.org/10.2307/258788
Susanti, D. S., Sarah, N., & Hilimi, N. (2018). Korporasi Indonesia melawan korupsi: strategi pencegahan. Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi, 4(2), 207.
Transparency International Indonesia (TII). (2016). Transparency in Corporate Reporting: 100 Perusahaan Terbesar di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://ti.or.id/books/trac-100-perusahaan-terbesar-di-indonesia/
Triantoro, H. D., Utami, I., & Joseph, C. (2020). Whistleblowing system, Machiavellian personality, fraud intention: An experimental study. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 202-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2019-0003
Young, J. A., Courtney, J. F., Bennett, R. J., Ellis, T. S., & Posey, C. (2021). The impact of anonymous, two-way, computer-mediated communication on perceived whistleblower credibility. Information Technology & People, 34(3), 1119–1151.