Main Article Content
Abstract
In a presidential system, the president plays a key role as both head of state and head of government, making the position crucial in governance. Therefore, a vacancy in the presidency whether temporary or permanent should not occur, even briefly. However, Indonesian law only regulates permanent incapacity and does not address temporary incapacity, creating a legal vacuum. This study aims to formulate a legal concept to regulate the temporary incapacity of the president. The Author considers this topic is essential to be implemented within a Presidential system of government, given that the President cannot be dismissed because of policy disagreements. The research uses normative legal analysis with conceptual, historical, and comparative approaches, analyzed through the theory of mandate authority. The findings show that the lack of legal provisions for temporary presidential incapacity can disrupt government functions and undermine the rule of law. This gap exists in both normal situations (leave, minor illness, travel) and abnormal conditions (emergencies, serious health issues), where delegation of duties is left to administrative practices. Therefore, a Presidential Institution Law is needed to clearly define the delegation of presidential duties. This law should distinguish between administrative delegation in normal situations and limited delegation of substantive authority in abnormal situations through a mandate mechanism.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Riziq Maulana, Rizki Maulana Syafei, Muh Zikril, Risma Ridhani Istiqomah
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Paragraph 1, Article 29, Chile’s Constitution of 1980 with Amendments through 2015.
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Ridwan HR. Hukum Administrasi Negara. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013.
Saldi Isra. Lembaga Negara. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2020.
Syafri Hariansah and Anna Erliyana. "Mekanisme Pengisian Jabatan Kekosongan Jabatan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden: Studi Perbandingan dengan Amerika Serikat, Brazil, dan Perancis." Pakuan Law Review 4, no. 2 (2018): 334. https://doi.org/10.33751/palar.v4i2.886.
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Wirjono Prodjodikoro. Azas-Azas Hukum Tata Negara di Indonesia. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 1989.
References
“Pemberhentian Sementara Presiden Tidak Perlu.” Hukumonline. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/pemberhentian-sementara-presiden-tidak-perlu-hol333.
1945 Constitution
Abdul Ghofar. Dinamika Lembaga Kepresidenan di Berbagai Negara. Depok: Rajawali Press, 2022.
Ahmad Syaifudin. "Menyoal Pasal Penghinaan Presiden dalam KUHP: Antara Proporsionalitas Prinsip Primus Interpares atau Kemunduran Demokrasi." Jurnal Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia WICARANA 2, no. 1 (2023): 16. https://doi.org/10.57123/wicarana.v2i1.32.
Andi Setiadi. Hidup dan Perjuangan Soekarno Sang Bapak Bangsa. Yogyakarta: Laksana, 2017.
Antono Adhi Susanto and Ghunarsa Sujatnika. "Redesain Pengisian Kekosongan Jabatan Wakil Presiden Menurut Konstitusi." Media Iuris 7, no. 1 (2024): 7. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v7i1.44319.
Article 148 of Ecuador’s Constitution of 2008.
Bagir Manan. Lembaga Kepresidenan. Yogyakarta: FH UII Press, 2003.
BBC. “Ghana’s President John Atta Mills dies.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-18972107.
CF Strong. Modern Political Constitution. London: Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd., 1930.
Constitutional Court Ruling No 90/ PUU/XXI/2023.
Dian Dewi Purnamasari. “Gus Dur: Lawatan ke Luar Negeri dan Pendekatan Kemanusiaan.” Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2020/12/14/gus-dur-lawatan-ke-luar-negeri-dan-pendekatan-kemanusiaan.
Dina Fadiyah. "Dilema Sistem Multipartai dalam Sistem Presidensial di Indonesia." Jurnal Politik dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 14, no. 1 (2022): 23. https://doi.org/10.52166/madani.v14i1.2881.
Ebu Kosmas. Pelimpahan Kekuasaan Pemerintahan Negara dalam Hal Presiden Berhalangan Sementara. Universitas Airlangga, 2019.
Furqan Razak et al. "Menteri Triumvirat dalam Tata Kementerian Negara Republik Indonesia." Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 1 (2024): https://doi.org/10.56087/QAWANINJIH.V5I1.473.
Hendra Wahanu Prabandani, Batas Konstitusional Kekuasaan Eksekutif Presiden (Constitutional Limits of the Presidential Executive Power), Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 12, no. 3, 2015.
Hukumonline. “Melacak Kebenaran Syafruddin Prawiranegara Presiden RI? Begini Kata Prof Yusril.” https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/melacak-kebenaran-syafruddin-prawiranegara-presiden-ri-begini-kata-prof-yusril-lt6458812224b80/?page=2.
Indroharto. Usaha Memahami Undang-Undang tentang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara. Jakarta: Pustaka Harapan, 1993.
Jeffri Arlinandes Chandra et al. Teori dan Konsep Pembentukan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia. Bengkulu: CV. Zigie Utama, 2022.
Jimly Asshiddiqie, Hukum Tata Negara Darurat, (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2007)
Kompas. “Inilah Jadwal Kampanye SBY.” https://amp.kompas.com/nasional/read/2009/06/03/1729092/~Nasional.
M. Shaiful Anwar and Muhammad Eriton. "Analisis terhadap Pembagian Kewenangan antara Presiden dengan Wakil Presiden dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia." Journal of Constitutional Law 2, no. 2 (2022): 269. https://doi.org/10.22437/limbago.v2i2.17471.
Media Indonesia. Titi Anggraini. “RUU Pemilu dan Penguatan Keterwakilan Perempuan.” https://mediaindonesia.com/kolom-pakar/754850/ruu-pemilu-dan-penguatan-keterwakilan-perempuan.
Miriam Budiardjo. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008.
Mochamad Adli Wafi and Deka Oktaviana. "Pembatasan Petahana dan Pejabat Negara dalam Kampanye Pemilihan Umum Presiden." Jurnal Lex Renaissance 9, no. 2 (2024): https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol9.iss2.art6.
Paragraph 1, Article 29, Chile’s Constitution of 1980 with Amendments through 2015.
Paragraphs 3-4, Article 106, Turkey’s Constitution of 1982 with Amendments through 2017.
Presidential Decree Number 8 of 2000.
Retno Saraswati. "Desain Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial yang Efektif." Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Hukum 41, no. 1 (2012): 137-143. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.41.1.2012.137-143.
Ridwan HR. Hukum Administrasi Negara. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013.
Saldi Isra. Lembaga Negara. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2020.
Syafri Hariansah and Anna Erliyana. "Mekanisme Pengisian Jabatan Kekosongan Jabatan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden: Studi Perbandingan dengan Amerika Serikat, Brazil, dan Perancis." Pakuan Law Review 4, no. 2 (2018): 334. https://doi.org/10.33751/palar.v4i2.886.
Taomo Zhou. "China and the Thirtieth of September Movement." Indonesia, no. 98 (2014): https://doi.org/10.5728/indonesia.98.0029.
Tempo. “Berhalangan Sementara.” https://www.tempo.co/politik/berhalangan-sementara-1043905.
VnExpress. “Vietnam’s President Tran Dai Quang dies aged 62.” https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-s-president-tran-dai-quang-dies-aged-62-3813138.html.
Wirjono Prodjodikoro. Azas-Azas Hukum Tata Negara di Indonesia. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 1989.