Journal of Constitutional and Governance Studies https://journal.uii.ac.id/JCGS <p><strong>Journal of Constitutional and Governance Studies</strong> is a scientific journal in the field of Constitutional Law published by the Department of Constitutional Law, <a href="https://law.uii.ac.id/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Faculty of Law, Islamic University of Indonesia</a>. The Journal of Constitutional and Governance Studies is published periodically twice a year in May and November. This journal contains writings on the results of research and thoughts in the field of constitutional law covering issues such as elections, political parties, regional autonomy, human rights, judicial power, people's representative institutions, and other constitutional law issues.</p> Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia en-US Journal of Constitutional and Governance Studies 3064-3201 <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</p> <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">a. 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Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See </span><a style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_new">The Effect of Open Access</a><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">).</span></p> The Constitutionality of Coercive Measures in The Preliminary Investigation of Tax Offense https://journal.uii.ac.id/JCGS/article/view/33419 <p><em>This study aims to analyse the implications of coercive measures in the investigation of preliminary evidence regulated by Article 43A paragraph (1) and paragraph (4) of Article 2 number 13 of the HPP Law on the principle of the rule of law and legal certainty in the enforcement of tax criminal law. Using a normative-dogmatic legal approach, this study examines relevant legal norms and doctrines, focusing on positive law and the Constitutional Court's decision Number 83/PUU-XXI/2023. This methodology allows for an in-depth analysis of the applicable legal framework and its impact on taxpayer rights. The results of the study show that there is no legal mechanism for taxpayers to challenge coercive efforts to create legal uncertainty, contrary to the principles of justice, equality before the law, and the protection of human rights. This undermines trust in the legal system and requires clarity on legal remedies available to taxpayers. This research highlights the importance of integrating human rights into tax legislation, in accordance with international standards and the 1945 Constitution, to ensure that tax regulations are aligned with the principles of justice, equality before the law, and legal certainty. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for a clear, fair, and consistent legal framework to strengthen public trust in the tax system and the government, as well as to support the active participation of taxpayers in tax policy making.</em><br /><em><strong>Keywords: Taxation, Investigation of Preliminary Evidence, Tax Offences</strong></em></p> <p><strong>Abstrak<br /></strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi dari upaya paksa dalam pemeriksaan bukti permulaan yang diatur dalam Pasal 43A ayat (1) dan ayat (4) Pasal 2 angka 13 UU HPP terhadap prinsip negara hukum dan kepastian hukum dalam penegakan hukum pidana perpajakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif-dogmatik, yang mana mengkaji norma-norma hukum dan doktrin yang relevan, berfokus pada hukum positif dan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 83/PUU-XXI/2023. Metodologi yang digunakan memungkinkan analisis mendalam terhadap kerangka hukum yang berlaku serta implikasinya terhadap hak-hak para wajib pajak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiadaan mekanisme hukum bagi wajib pajak untuk menantang upaya paksa menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum, bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip keadilan, kesetaraan di hadapan hukum, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Hal ini menggerogoti kepercayaan terhadap sistem hukum dan membutuhkan kejelasan tindakan hukum yang dapat diambil oleh wajib pajak. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya integrasi hak asasi manusia dalam peraturan perpajakan, sesuai dengan standar internasional dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, memastikan bahwa peraturan perpajakan selaras dengan prinsip keadilan, kesetaraan di mata hukum, dan kepastian hukum. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan perlunya kerangka hukum yang jelas, adil, dan konsisten untuk memperkuat kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem perpajakan dan pemerintahan, serta mendukung partisipasi aktif wajib pajak dalam pembuatan kebijakan perpajakan.<br /><strong>Kata kunci: Perpajakan, Pemeriksaan Bukti Permulaan, Tindak Pidana Perpajakan</strong></p> Nafis Dwi Kartiko Copyright (c) 2025 Nafis Dwi Kartiko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-16 2025-01-16 111 129 10.20885/JCGS.vol1.iss2.art1 Land Grabbing Potential: Land Bank Policy Towards Land Rights Of Indonesian Indegenous People https://journal.uii.ac.id/JCGS/article/view/33420 <p><em>This study analyzes the regulations of the Land Bank Agency as stipulated in Law Number 6 of 2023 and Government Regulation Number 64 of 2021, and the implications of the Land Bank Agency's policies on indigenous peoples' land rights to land grabbing practices. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the Land Bank Agency has a function in planning, acquiring, procuring, managing, utilizing, and distributing land, including granting land use rights, building use rights, and use rights for a certain period of time. Land that can be controlled by the state through the Land Bank Agency includes various types of land, ranging from former land rights, abandoned areas, to land affected by changes in spatial planning. The impacts of the Land Bank Agency's policies on indigenous peoples include the loss of traditional rights to land, conflicts with the authorities, reduced sources of indigenous life, and providing convenience for foreign company investment. The conclusion in this study is that there is concern that the implementation of the Land Bank Agency Government Regulation can result in land grabbing practices that are detrimental to indigenous peoples. The inconsistency of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, MPR Decree Number IX/MPR/2001, the Job Creation Law, and the Land Bank Agency Government Regulation indicates a conflict of norms that are detrimental to the public interest and public welfare. Therefore, reformulation of the Land Bank Agency PP policy is needed to pay attention to the rights of indigenous peoples and ensure fair benefits for all levels of society.</em><br /><em><strong>Keywords: Land Grabbing, Land Bank Agency, Indigenous Peoples</strong></em></p> <p><strong>Abstrak<br /></strong>Penelitian ini menganalisis regulasi Badan Bank Tanah sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 64 Tahun 2021, serta implikasi kebijakan Badan Bank Tanah terhadap hak atas tanah masyarakat adat terhadap praktik perampasan tanah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Badan Bank Tanah memiliki fungsi dalam merencanakan, memperoleh, mengadakan, mengelola, memanfaatkan, dan mendistribusikan tanah, termasuk memberikan hak guna usaha, hak guna bangunan, dan hak pakai untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Tanah yang dapat dikuasai oleh negara melalui Badan Bank Tanah meliputi berbagai jenis tanah, mulai dari tanah bekas hak, tanah terlantar, hingga tanah yang terkena perubahan tata ruang. Dampak kebijakan Badan Bank Tanah terhadap masyarakat adat antara lain hilangnya hak ulayat atas tanah, konflik dengan penguasa, berkurangnya sumber kehidupan masyarakat adat, dan memberikan kemudahan bagi investasi perusahaan asing. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya kekhawatiran bahwa penerapan Peraturan Pemerintah Badan Bank Tanah dapat mengakibatkan praktik perampasan tanah yang merugikan masyarakat hukum adat. Ketidakkonsistenan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Ketetapan MPR Nomor IX/MPR/2001, UU Cipta Kerja, dan Peraturan Pemerintah Badan Bank Tanah mengindikasikan adanya pertentangan norma yang merugikan kepentingan umum dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, reformulasi kebijakan PP Badan Bank Tanah diperlukan untuk memperhatikan hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat dan memastikan manfaat yang adil bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat.<br /><strong>Kata Kunci: Perampasan Tanah, Badan Bank Tanah, Masyarakat Adat</strong></p> Satriya Aldi Putrazta Mochammad Abiansyach Pradipta Putra Novantia Putri Amelia Copyright (c) 2025 Satriya Aldi Putrazta, Mochammad Abiansyach Pradipta Putra, Novantia Putri Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 130 151 10.20885/JCGS.vol1.iss2.art2 Juridical Construction of Legislative Term Limits in Indonesia https://journal.uii.ac.id/JCGS/article/view/31567 <p><em>Legislative term limits are an important aspect of the legal context of legislative power. This research attempts to examine the legal construction of legislative term limits in an effort to understand their legal basis and impact on the political and governance system. In the exercise of the legislative function, term limits become a crucial tool to prevent excessive consolidation of power and to ensure the rotation of political elites. This research involves the analysis of various laws and regulations governing legislative term limits at different levels of government. The legal construction analysis covers aspects such as the constitutional basis, the legislative process involved in setting term limits, and the legal considerations underlying the decision. In addition, this research will examine the implications of term limits for political stability, accountability and representation in a democratic system. The findings of this research are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the concept of legislative term limits, both in the context of legal theory and implementation practice. The impact of legislative term limits on political dynamics and governance can provide valuable insights for policy makers, academics and the general public concerned with the legal aspects of the system.</em><br /><em><strong>Keywords: Construction, Periodicity, Legislative.</strong></em></p> <p><strong>Abstrak<br /></strong>Pembatasan masa jabatan legislatif merupakan suatu aspek penting dalam konteks hukum yang berkaitan dengan kekuasaan legislatif. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menyelidiki konstruksi yuridis pembatasan masa jabatan legislatif sebagai upaya untuk memahami landasan hukum dan dampaknya terhadap sistem politik dan pemerintahan. Dalam menjalankan fungsi legislasi, pembatasan masa jabatan menjadi instrumen yang menentukan untuk mencegah konsolidasi kekuasaan yang berlebihan dan memastikan rotasi elit politik. Penelitian ini melibatkan analisis terhadap berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur pembatasan masa jabatan legislatif di berbagai tingkatan pemerintahan. Analisis konstruksi yuridis mencakup aspek-aspek seperti dasar konstitusional, proses legislasi yang terlibat dalam penetapan pembatasan masa jabatan, dan pertimbangan hukum yang mendasari keputusan tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi implikasi pembatasan masa jabatan terhadap stabilitas politik, akuntabilitas, dan representasi dalam sistem demokratis. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang konsep pembatasan masa jabatan anggota legislatif, baik dalam konteks teori hukum maupun praktik implementasinya. Implikasi dari pembatasan masa jabatan anggota legislatif terhadap dinamika politik dan tatanan pemerintahan dapat memberikan wawasan berharga bagi pembuat kebijakan, akademisi, dan masyarakat umum yang peduli terhadap aspek-aspek hukum dalam sistem politik ketatanegaraan suatu negara.<br /><strong>Kata kunci: Construction, Periodicity, Legislative.</strong></p> Andika Wijaya Karlinae D. Bangas Hilyatul Asfia Normala Copyright (c) 2025 Andika Wijaya, Karlinae D. Bangas, Hilyatul Asfia, Normala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-30 2025-01-30 152 171 10.20885/JCGS.vol1.iss2.art3 Fast-Track Legislation in A State of Emergency: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and The United Kingdom https://journal.uii.ac.id/JCGS/article/view/31660 <p><em>Every country has the potential to face emergency threats, such as natural disasters, riots, and even disease outbreaks. This will be why declaring and implementing a state of emergency needed to deal with future threats. An emergency forces the state to carry out its functions in an unusual way, including in forming laws that cannot be carried out properly. Special handling is needed in forming laws in emergency conditions. So far, laws regarding emergency conditions have been developed in Indonesia through Government Regulation in Lieu of Law. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom applies the Fast Track Legislation (FTL) method to handle its emergency conditions. Both have similarities and differences, each of which produces advantages and disadvantages. Various things that underlie the similarities and differences include history, legal systems, and government systems. The two mechanisms for forming laws have different qualities, based on the extent to which the principles of the rule of law and checks and balances are implemented.</em><br /><em><strong>Keywords: Emergency, Procedure, Law, and Regulation.</strong></em></p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Setiap negara berpotensi menghadapi ancaman darurat, seperti bencana alam, kerusuhan, bahkan wabah penyakit. Inilah sebabnya mengapa menyatakan dan menerapkan keadaan darurat diperlukan untuk menghadapi ancaman di masa depan. Keadaan darurat memaksa negara untuk menjalankan fungsinya dengan cara yang tidak biasa, termasuk dalam membentuk undang-undang yang tidak dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Penanganan khusus diperlukan dalam membentuk undang-undang dalam kondisi darurat. Sejauh ini, undang-undang mengenai kondisi darurat telah dikembangkan di Indonesia melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang. Sementara itu, Inggris menerapkan metode Fast Track Legislation (FTL) untuk menangani kondisi daruratnya. Keduanya memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan, yang masing-masing menghasilkan kelebihan dan kekurangan. Berbagai hal yang mendasari persamaan dan perbedaan tersebut antara lain sejarah, sistem hukum, dan sistem pemerintahan. Kedua mekanisme pembentukan hukum memiliki kualitas yang berbeda, berdasarkan sejauh mana prinsip-prinsip supremasi hukum dan check and balances diterapkan.<br /><strong>Keywords: Keadaan Darurat, Prosedur, Hukum dan Peraturan.</strong></p> Bayu Aryanto Copyright (c) 2025 Bayu Aryanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-30 2025-01-30 172 204 10.20885/JCGS.vol1.iss2.art4