Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to examine phenomena related to the collection and development of waqf funds by waqf institutions and formulate recommendations regarding applicable strategies to optimize the collection and development of waqf funds based on the principles of commitment-trust theory.
Methodology – This study applied a case study approach with a qualitative method at 5 (five) different waqf institutions in Indonesia to further explore the phenomena related to the collection and development of waqf funds. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews.
Findings – The results of this study indicate that several problems, i.e. low literacy of waqf, lack of professionalism of nazhir, and low accountability of waqf institutions are still encountered by waqf institutions in collecting and developing waqf funds. In addition, the efforts made by waqf institutions have not been sufficiently qualified to foster waqif’s commitment and trust to optimize the collection and development of waqf funds. Therefore, several recommendations on applicable strategies for waqf managers are formulated based on the four precursors outlined in the commitment-trust theory, namely shared values, relationship benefits, communication, and non-opportunistic behavior. These recommendations include reaffirming the values of waqf institutions, making efforts to maintain good relations with waqifs, keeping good communication with waqifs, and improving transparency of financial reports.
Originality – This study complements the research gap of the limited studies on the collection and development of waqf funds. In addition, previous studies on this topic did not implement the commitment-trust theory.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2022 Putri Purwandari Hasan, Elvia R. Shauki
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References
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- Bakar, M. A., Ahmad, S., Salleh, A. D., & Salleh, M. F. M. (n.d.). The SWOT analysis of waqf governance in Brunei Darussalam. International Research Journal of Shariah, Muamalat and Islam, 2, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.35631/IRJSMI.23001
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- Badan Wakaf Indonesia. (2020). Perkembangan wakaf uang. https://www.bwi.go.id/5558/2020/09/21/perkembangan-wakaf-uang/
- Badan Wakaf Indonesia. (2021). Gerakan nasional wakaf uang. https://www.bwi.go.id/5806/2021/01/21/gerakan-nasional-wakaf-uang-2021/
- Cavanagh, S. (1997). Content analysis: Concepts, methods and applications. Nurse Researcher, 4(3), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.4.3.5.s2
- DiCiccoBloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x
- Elasrag, H. (2017). Towards a new role of the institution of waqf. Social Science Research Network. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3011290
- Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
- Erlingsson, C., & Brysiewicz, P. (2017). A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. African Journal of Emergency Medicene, 7(3), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2017.08.001
- Fauziah, F., & Hidayati, U. (2021). Cash waqf fundraising at Indonesian waqf agency (BWI). ISRL 2020: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Religious Life, ISRL 2020, 2-5 November 2020, Bogor, Indonesia, 266.
- Hadi, S. (2018). Pemberdayaan ekonomi melalui wakaf. ZISWAF: Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf, 4(2), 229-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/ziswaf.v4i2.3043
- Hanaysha, J., & Hilman, H. (2015). Examining the role of service quality in relationship quality creation: Empirical insights from Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 458. http://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p458
- Hasan, R., Siraj, S. A., & Mohamad, M. H. S. (2017). Antecedents and outcome of waqif’s trust in waqf institution. Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 38(4), 155–179. https://jecd.sesric.org/pdf.php?file=ART17061401-2.pdf
- Hasim, K., Lubis, D., & Ali, K. M. (2016). Analisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penghimpunan wakaf uang di Indonesia (Pendekatan analytical network process). Al-Muzara’ah, 4(2), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.29244/jam.4.2.127-141
- Kallio, H., Pietilä, A., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: Developing a framework for a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954–2965. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
- Kassim, M., Embi, N. A. C., Haron, R., & Ibrahim, K. (2019). Internal factors affecting continuous donations among cash waqf donors. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 1304–1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i9/6464
- Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah. (2021). Pembenahan tata kelola wakaf uang melalui harmonisasi dan penguatan regulasi. https://knks.go.id/isuutama/25/pembenahan-tata-kelola-wakaf-uang-melalui-harmonisasi-dan-penguatan-regulasi
- Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human Communication Research, 30(3), 411–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00738.x
- Laallam, A., Kassim, S., Ali, E. R. A. E., & Saiti, B. (2020). Intellectual capital in non-profit organisations: Lessons learnt for waqf institutions. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance. 12(1), 27-48. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-10-2018-0111
- MacMillan, K., Money, K., Money, A., & Downing, S. (2005). Relationship marketing in the not-for-profit sector: An extension and application of the commitment–trust theory. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 806–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.08.008
- Masyarakat Ekonomi Syariah. (2017). Empat keunggulan wakaf uang. https://www.ekonomisyariah.org/6135/empat-keunggulan-wakaf-uang/
- Ministry of Religious Affairs. (2018). Data wakaf uang. http://siwak.kemenag.go.id/
- Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif (Revisi). PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
- Money, K., Money, A., Downing, S., & Hillenbrand, C. (2008). Relationship marketing and the not-for-profit sector. The Routledge companion to non-profit marketing, 28-48. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com
- Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224299405800302
- Mukherjee, A., & Nath, P. (2007). Role of electronic trust in online retailing: A re-examination of the commitment‐trust theory. European Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710773390
- Nashihah, F. (2019). Problematics in development and management of money affairs (cash affairs) in Indonesia. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/95176
- Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2021, January 25). Presiden Jokowi luncurkan gerakan nasional wakaf uang (Press release). https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-jokowi-luncurkan-gerakan-nasional-wakaf-uang/
- Purnamasari, V., Yusida, E., Qurrata, V. A., Merlinda, S., Seprillina, L., & Huang, W.-C. (2021). Determinants of cash waqf awareness in Indonesia: An SEM approach. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 10, 145–152.
- Rusydiana, A. S. (2019). Analysis of cash waqf development in Indonesia using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol4.iss1.art
- Sano, M. A. A., & Kassim, S. (2021). Waqf governance in the Republic of Guinea: Legal framework, issues, challenges and way forward. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-03-2020-0064
- Sargeant, A., & Woodliffe, L. (2007). Building donor loyalty: The antecedents and role of commitment in the context of charity giving. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 18(2), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1300/J054v18n02_03
- Shulthoni, M., Saad, N. M., Kayadibi, S., & Ariffin, M. I. (2018). Waqf fundraising management: A proposal for a sustainable finance of the waqf institutions. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 3, 153–178. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v3i0.776
- Siswantoro, D., Rosdiana, H., & Fathurahman, H. (2018). Reconstructing accountability of the cash waqf (endowment) institution in Indonesia. Managerial Finance. 44(5), 624-644. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-05-2017-0188
- Utomo, S. B., Masyita, D., & Hastuti, F. (2020). Why cash waqf fails to meet the expectation: Evidence from Indonesia. https://www.ojk.go.id/id/data-dan-statistik/research/working-paper/Pages/WP.20.02-Why-Cash-Waqf-Fails-to-Meet-the-Expectation-Evidence-from-Indonesia.aspx
References
Asmara, T. T. P., & Abubakar, L. (2019). Juridical study on the optimization of cash waqf management by Islamic banking in Indonesia. Padjadjaran Journal of Law, 6(3), 427–445. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n3.a1
Bakar, M. A., Ahmad, S., Salleh, A. D., & Salleh, M. F. M. (n.d.). The SWOT analysis of waqf governance in Brunei Darussalam. International Research Journal of Shariah, Muamalat and Islam, 2, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.35631/IRJSMI.23001
Badan Amil Zakat Nasional. (2022, January 18). Dirjen Bimas Islam: Pemulihan ekonomi jadi golden opportunity pengelolaan zakat Indonesia [Press release]. https://baznas.go.id/Press_Release/baca/Dirjen_Bimas_Islam:_Pemulihan_Ekonomi_Jadi_Golden_Opportunity_Pengelolaan_Zakat_Indonesia/975
Badan Wakaf Indonesia. (2020). Perkembangan wakaf uang. https://www.bwi.go.id/5558/2020/09/21/perkembangan-wakaf-uang/
Badan Wakaf Indonesia. (2021). Gerakan nasional wakaf uang. https://www.bwi.go.id/5806/2021/01/21/gerakan-nasional-wakaf-uang-2021/
Cavanagh, S. (1997). Content analysis: Concepts, methods and applications. Nurse Researcher, 4(3), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.4.3.5.s2
DiCiccoBloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x
Elasrag, H. (2017). Towards a new role of the institution of waqf. Social Science Research Network. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3011290
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
Erlingsson, C., & Brysiewicz, P. (2017). A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. African Journal of Emergency Medicene, 7(3), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2017.08.001
Fauziah, F., & Hidayati, U. (2021). Cash waqf fundraising at Indonesian waqf agency (BWI). ISRL 2020: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Religious Life, ISRL 2020, 2-5 November 2020, Bogor, Indonesia, 266.
Hadi, S. (2018). Pemberdayaan ekonomi melalui wakaf. ZISWAF: Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf, 4(2), 229-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/ziswaf.v4i2.3043
Hanaysha, J., & Hilman, H. (2015). Examining the role of service quality in relationship quality creation: Empirical insights from Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 458. http://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p458
Hasan, R., Siraj, S. A., & Mohamad, M. H. S. (2017). Antecedents and outcome of waqif’s trust in waqf institution. Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 38(4), 155–179. https://jecd.sesric.org/pdf.php?file=ART17061401-2.pdf
Hasim, K., Lubis, D., & Ali, K. M. (2016). Analisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penghimpunan wakaf uang di Indonesia (Pendekatan analytical network process). Al-Muzara’ah, 4(2), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.29244/jam.4.2.127-141
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: Developing a framework for a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954–2965. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
Kassim, M., Embi, N. A. C., Haron, R., & Ibrahim, K. (2019). Internal factors affecting continuous donations among cash waqf donors. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 1304–1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i9/6464
Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah. (2021). Pembenahan tata kelola wakaf uang melalui harmonisasi dan penguatan regulasi. https://knks.go.id/isuutama/25/pembenahan-tata-kelola-wakaf-uang-melalui-harmonisasi-dan-penguatan-regulasi
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human Communication Research, 30(3), 411–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00738.x
Laallam, A., Kassim, S., Ali, E. R. A. E., & Saiti, B. (2020). Intellectual capital in non-profit organisations: Lessons learnt for waqf institutions. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance. 12(1), 27-48. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-10-2018-0111
MacMillan, K., Money, K., Money, A., & Downing, S. (2005). Relationship marketing in the not-for-profit sector: An extension and application of the commitment–trust theory. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 806–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.08.008
Masyarakat Ekonomi Syariah. (2017). Empat keunggulan wakaf uang. https://www.ekonomisyariah.org/6135/empat-keunggulan-wakaf-uang/
Ministry of Religious Affairs. (2018). Data wakaf uang. http://siwak.kemenag.go.id/
Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif (Revisi). PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Money, K., Money, A., Downing, S., & Hillenbrand, C. (2008). Relationship marketing and the not-for-profit sector. The Routledge companion to non-profit marketing, 28-48. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com
Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224299405800302
Mukherjee, A., & Nath, P. (2007). Role of electronic trust in online retailing: A re-examination of the commitment‐trust theory. European Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710773390
Nashihah, F. (2019). Problematics in development and management of money affairs (cash affairs) in Indonesia. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/95176
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2021, January 25). Presiden Jokowi luncurkan gerakan nasional wakaf uang (Press release). https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-jokowi-luncurkan-gerakan-nasional-wakaf-uang/
Purnamasari, V., Yusida, E., Qurrata, V. A., Merlinda, S., Seprillina, L., & Huang, W.-C. (2021). Determinants of cash waqf awareness in Indonesia: An SEM approach. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 10, 145–152.
Rusydiana, A. S. (2019). Analysis of cash waqf development in Indonesia using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol4.iss1.art
Sano, M. A. A., & Kassim, S. (2021). Waqf governance in the Republic of Guinea: Legal framework, issues, challenges and way forward. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-03-2020-0064
Sargeant, A., & Woodliffe, L. (2007). Building donor loyalty: The antecedents and role of commitment in the context of charity giving. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 18(2), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1300/J054v18n02_03
Shulthoni, M., Saad, N. M., Kayadibi, S., & Ariffin, M. I. (2018). Waqf fundraising management: A proposal for a sustainable finance of the waqf institutions. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 3, 153–178. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v3i0.776
Siswantoro, D., Rosdiana, H., & Fathurahman, H. (2018). Reconstructing accountability of the cash waqf (endowment) institution in Indonesia. Managerial Finance. 44(5), 624-644. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-05-2017-0188
Utomo, S. B., Masyita, D., & Hastuti, F. (2020). Why cash waqf fails to meet the expectation: Evidence from Indonesia. https://www.ojk.go.id/id/data-dan-statistik/research/working-paper/Pages/WP.20.02-Why-Cash-Waqf-Fails-to-Meet-the-Expectation-Evidence-from-Indonesia.aspx