Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to compare the depth of outreach, financial performance, and trade-off between the depth of outreach and financial performance (mission drift) between equity financing and debt-based financing in Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks.
Methodology – We compare the depth of outreach and financial performance using descriptive statistics and explore mission drift comparisons using OLS time series.
Findings – The depth of the outreach comparison shows that debt-based financing performs better. However, equity financing outperforms financial performance. The regression results show mission drift in Musharaka and Multiservice financing, indicating that both sides have mission drift. However, there is no mission drift in Murabaha financing, which constitutes the majority of financing in Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks. Murabaha financing synchronously demonstrates excellent depth of outreach and financial performance.
Implications – Islamic Rural Banks in Indonesia need product innovation in equity financing to obtain a better depth of outreach and avoid mission drift. The simplicity of the practice in Murabaha can be a reference for product innovation in Islamic Rural Banks, while the government can support Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks' product innovation by providing appropriate regulations.
Originality – This study seeks to fill the comparison gap between mission drifts in Indonesian Islamic rural bank financing. There is a limitation in studies of Islamic rural bank financing mission drifts in Indonesia since the comparison of mission drift deals only with Islamic microfinance at a global level.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Fiqih Afriadi, Pranoto Pranoto, Erlita Kurniawaty, R. Mohd. Zamzami
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References
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- Beisland, L. A., & Mersland, R. (2017). Exploring microfinance clients with disabilities: A case study of an Ecuadorian microbank. Journal of Development Studies, 53(11), 1929–1943. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1265946
- Berguiga, I., Said, Y. Ben, & Adair, P. (2020). The social and financial performance of microfinance institutions in the Middle East and North Africa region: Do Islamic institutions outperform conventional institutions?. Journal of International Development, 32(7), 1075-1100. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3488
- Charitonenko, S., & Afwan, I. (2003). Commercialisation of microfinance, Indonesia. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27539/micro-ino.pdf
- Chong, B. S., & Liu, M.-H. (2009). Islamic banking: Inter est-free or interest-based?. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 17(1), 125–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2007.12.003
- Christen, R. P. (2001). Commercialization and mission drift: The transformation of microfinance in Latin America. CGAP Occasional Paper, 5, 24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7025802861943087702related:VmIKiHqqgGEJ
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- Cull, R., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Morduch, J. (2009). Microfinance meets the market. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(1), 167–192. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.23.1.167
- Fan, Y., John, K., Liu, F. H., & Tamanni, L. (2019). Security design, incentives, and Islamic microfinance: Cross country evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 62, 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2019.08.002
- Fauzi, M. (2018). Efisiensi bank pembiayaan rakyat syariah (BPRS) di provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 4(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol4.iss1.art4
- Gonzalez, A., & Rosenberg, R. (2006). The state of microfinance – outreach, profitability, and poverty findings from a database of 2600 microfinance institutions. CGAP World Bank 23529 (2). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=The+State- +of+Microfinance++Outreach%2C+Profitability%2C+and+Poverty+Findings&btnG=
- Gujarati, D. (2014). Econometrics by example. Palgrave Macmillan. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Gutiérrez-Nieto, B., & Serrano-Cinca, C. (2019). 20 years of research in microfinance: An information management approach. International Journal of Information Management, 47, 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.001
- Hartarska, V., & Nadolnyak, D. (2007). Do regulated microfinance institutions achieve better sustainability and outreach? Cross-country evidence. Applied Economics, 39(10), 1207–1222. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500461840
- Hermes, N., & Hudon, M. (2018). determinants of the performance of microfinance institutions: A systematic review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(5), 1483–1513. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12290
- Hermes, N., & Lensink, R. (2011). Outreach and efficiency of microfinance institutions. World Development, 39(6), 938-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.10.018
- IP, Wachukwu., JI, Onyema., & SN, Amadi. (2018). Microfinance banking and economic growth of Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Marketing, 2(4), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.35841/finance-marketing.2.4.16-2
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- Khan, F. (2010). How “Islamic” is Islamic banking? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 76(3), 805–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.09.015
- Mersland, R., & Strøm, R. Ø. (2010). Microfinance mission drift ? World Development, 38(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.05.006
- Mia, A., & Lee, H. (2017). Mission drift and ethical crisis in micro fi nance institutions: What matters ?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 102–114. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667111523000099
- Miah, M. D., & Suzuki, Y. (2020). Murabaha syndrome of Islamic banks: A paradox or product of the system? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(7), 1363–1378. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2018-0067
- Morduch, J. J. (2006). Smart subsidies. Journal of Microfinance/ESR Review, 8.(1), 4. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/esr/vol8/iss1/4/
- Mulyaningsih, R. O. Y., Nuryantono, N., & Firdausy, C. M. (2016). Trade-off antara kesinambungan keuangan dan jangkauan lembaga keuangan mikro syariah di Perdesaan Jawa Barat. Kajian Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 20(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.31685/kek.v20i1.180
- Nugrohowati, R. N. I., & Bimo, S. (2019). Analisis pengaruh faktor internal bank dan eksternal terhadap non-performing financing (NPF) pada Bank perkreditan rakyat syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 5(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol5.iss1.art6
- Olivares-Polanco, F. (2005). Commercializing microfinance and deepening outreach? Journal of Microfinance, 7(2), 47–69. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=esr
- Quayes, S. (2012). Depth of outreach and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions. Applied Economics, 44(26), 3421–3433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.577016
- Reichert, P. (2018). A meta-analysis examining the nature of trade-offs in microfinance. Oxford Development Studies, 46(3), 430–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2018.1427223
- Rhyne, E. (1998). The Yin and Yang of microfinance. Reaching the poor and sustainability. MicroBanking Bulletin, 2(1) 6–8. https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/media/file/202009/Rhyne_yingyang.pdf
- Rhyne, E., & Otero, M. (2006). Microfinance through the next decade: Visioning the who, what, where, when and how. (5-45). Boston, MA: Accion International. http://livestats.pointloma.edu/sites/default/files/bio_files/microfinance_through_the_next_decade_0.pdf
- Robinson, M. S. (2001). The microfinance revolution: Lessons from Indonesia. World Bank Publications. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/14254
- Sam, M. I., Saputra, H., Syihabuddin, A., & Prasetya, A. (2014). Himpunan Fatwa Keuangan Syariah Dewan Syariah Nasional MUI. Penerbit Erlangga.
- Serrano-cinca, C., & Gutierrez-Nieto, B. (2014). Microfinance, the long tail and mission drift. International Business Review, 23(1), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.03.006
- Sudarsono, H., Afriadi, F., & Suciningtias, S. A. (2021). Do stability and size affect the profitability of Islamic rural bank in Indonesia?. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 7(2), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol7.iss2.art5
- Tamanni, L., & Haji Besar, M. H. A. (2019). Profitability vs poverty alleviation: Has banking logic influences Islamic microfinance institutions? Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 4(2), 260-279. https://doi.org/10.1108/ajar-05-2019-0039
- Wasiaturrahma, Ajija, S. R., Sukmana, R., Sari, T. N., & Hudaifah, A. (2020). Breadth and depth outreach of Islamic cooperatives: Do size, non-performing finance, and grant matter? Heliyon, 6(7), e04472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04472
- Widiarto, I., & Emrouznejad, A. (2015). Social and financial efficiency of Islamic microfinance institutions: A data envelopment analysis application. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 50, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2014.12.001
- Xu, S., Copestake, J., & Peng, X. (2016). Microfinance institutions’ mission drift in macroeconomic context. Journal of International Development, 28(7), 1123–1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid
References
Ahmad, S., Lensink, R., & Mueller, A. (2020). The double bottom line of microfinance: A global comparison between conventional and Islamic microfinance. World Development, 136, 105130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105130
Antonio, M. S. (2011). Bank Syariah: Dari teori ke praktik. Gema Insani.
Beisland, L. A., & Mersland, R. (2017). Exploring microfinance clients with disabilities: A case study of an Ecuadorian microbank. Journal of Development Studies, 53(11), 1929–1943. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1265946
Berguiga, I., Said, Y. Ben, & Adair, P. (2020). The social and financial performance of microfinance institutions in the Middle East and North Africa region: Do Islamic institutions outperform conventional institutions?. Journal of International Development, 32(7), 1075-1100. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3488
Charitonenko, S., & Afwan, I. (2003). Commercialisation of microfinance, Indonesia. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27539/micro-ino.pdf
Chong, B. S., & Liu, M.-H. (2009). Islamic banking: Inter est-free or interest-based?. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 17(1), 125–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2007.12.003
Christen, R. P. (2001). Commercialization and mission drift: The transformation of microfinance in Latin America. CGAP Occasional Paper, 5, 24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7025802861943087702related:VmIKiHqqgGEJ
Cull, R., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Morduch, J. (2007). Financial performance and outreach : A global analysis of leading microbanks. The Economic Journal, 117(517), F107-F133. https://academic.oup.com/ej/article-abstract/117/517/F107/5089387
Cull, R., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Morduch, J. (2009). Microfinance meets the market. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(1), 167–192. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.23.1.167
Fan, Y., John, K., Liu, F. H., & Tamanni, L. (2019). Security design, incentives, and Islamic microfinance: Cross country evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 62, 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2019.08.002
Fauzi, M. (2018). Efisiensi bank pembiayaan rakyat syariah (BPRS) di provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 4(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol4.iss1.art4
Gonzalez, A., & Rosenberg, R. (2006). The state of microfinance – outreach, profitability, and poverty findings from a database of 2600 microfinance institutions. CGAP World Bank 23529 (2). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=The+State- +of+Microfinance++Outreach%2C+Profitability%2C+and+Poverty+Findings&btnG=
Gujarati, D. (2014). Econometrics by example. Palgrave Macmillan. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Gutiérrez-Nieto, B., & Serrano-Cinca, C. (2019). 20 years of research in microfinance: An information management approach. International Journal of Information Management, 47, 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.001
Hartarska, V., & Nadolnyak, D. (2007). Do regulated microfinance institutions achieve better sustainability and outreach? Cross-country evidence. Applied Economics, 39(10), 1207–1222. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500461840
Hermes, N., & Hudon, M. (2018). determinants of the performance of microfinance institutions: A systematic review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(5), 1483–1513. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12290
Hermes, N., & Lensink, R. (2011). Outreach and efficiency of microfinance institutions. World Development, 39(6), 938-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.10.018
IP, Wachukwu., JI, Onyema., & SN, Amadi. (2018). Microfinance banking and economic growth of Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Marketing, 2(4), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.35841/finance-marketing.2.4.16-2
Kar, A. K. (2013). Mission drift in microfinance: Are the concerns really worrying ? Recent cross-country results. International Review Of Applied Economics, 27(1), 44–60. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02692171.2012.700701
Khan, F. (2010). How “Islamic” is Islamic banking? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 76(3), 805–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.09.015
Mersland, R., & Strøm, R. Ø. (2010). Microfinance mission drift ? World Development, 38(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.05.006
Mia, A., & Lee, H. (2017). Mission drift and ethical crisis in micro fi nance institutions: What matters ?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 102–114. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667111523000099
Miah, M. D., & Suzuki, Y. (2020). Murabaha syndrome of Islamic banks: A paradox or product of the system? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(7), 1363–1378. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2018-0067
Morduch, J. J. (2006). Smart subsidies. Journal of Microfinance/ESR Review, 8.(1), 4. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/esr/vol8/iss1/4/
Mulyaningsih, R. O. Y., Nuryantono, N., & Firdausy, C. M. (2016). Trade-off antara kesinambungan keuangan dan jangkauan lembaga keuangan mikro syariah di Perdesaan Jawa Barat. Kajian Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 20(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.31685/kek.v20i1.180
Nugrohowati, R. N. I., & Bimo, S. (2019). Analisis pengaruh faktor internal bank dan eksternal terhadap non-performing financing (NPF) pada Bank perkreditan rakyat syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 5(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol5.iss1.art6
Olivares-Polanco, F. (2005). Commercializing microfinance and deepening outreach? Journal of Microfinance, 7(2), 47–69. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=esr
Quayes, S. (2012). Depth of outreach and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions. Applied Economics, 44(26), 3421–3433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.577016
Reichert, P. (2018). A meta-analysis examining the nature of trade-offs in microfinance. Oxford Development Studies, 46(3), 430–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2018.1427223
Rhyne, E. (1998). The Yin and Yang of microfinance. Reaching the poor and sustainability. MicroBanking Bulletin, 2(1) 6–8. https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/media/file/202009/Rhyne_yingyang.pdf
Rhyne, E., & Otero, M. (2006). Microfinance through the next decade: Visioning the who, what, where, when and how. (5-45). Boston, MA: Accion International. http://livestats.pointloma.edu/sites/default/files/bio_files/microfinance_through_the_next_decade_0.pdf
Robinson, M. S. (2001). The microfinance revolution: Lessons from Indonesia. World Bank Publications. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/14254
Sam, M. I., Saputra, H., Syihabuddin, A., & Prasetya, A. (2014). Himpunan Fatwa Keuangan Syariah Dewan Syariah Nasional MUI. Penerbit Erlangga.
Serrano-cinca, C., & Gutierrez-Nieto, B. (2014). Microfinance, the long tail and mission drift. International Business Review, 23(1), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.03.006
Sudarsono, H., Afriadi, F., & Suciningtias, S. A. (2021). Do stability and size affect the profitability of Islamic rural bank in Indonesia?. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 7(2), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol7.iss2.art5
Tamanni, L., & Haji Besar, M. H. A. (2019). Profitability vs poverty alleviation: Has banking logic influences Islamic microfinance institutions? Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 4(2), 260-279. https://doi.org/10.1108/ajar-05-2019-0039
Wasiaturrahma, Ajija, S. R., Sukmana, R., Sari, T. N., & Hudaifah, A. (2020). Breadth and depth outreach of Islamic cooperatives: Do size, non-performing finance, and grant matter? Heliyon, 6(7), e04472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04472
Widiarto, I., & Emrouznejad, A. (2015). Social and financial efficiency of Islamic microfinance institutions: A data envelopment analysis application. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 50, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2014.12.001
Xu, S., Copestake, J., & Peng, X. (2016). Microfinance institutions’ mission drift in macroeconomic context. Journal of International Development, 28(7), 1123–1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid