Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the intention to boycott products made or affiliated with Israel among Muslims in Indonesia. This study is grounded in the context of ongoing wars and conflicts in the Middle East, specifically in Palestine.
Methodology – This research uses primary data collected from 412 respondents and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) method for data analysis.
Findings – The main results show that animosity, intrinsic religious motivation, self-enhancement, product judgment, and attitude toward the boycott influence the intention to boycott. However, brand distrust does not determine the intention to boycott products affiliated with Israel.
Implications – Indonesia is one of the largest markets for Muslims worldwide. Understanding the purchasing behavior of Muslim consumers in Indonesia can help marketers and multinational companies anticipate and strategically respond to potential boycotts, minimising financial losses. This is important because Muslim consumers in Indonesia often opt for alternative products when choosing to avoid those affiliated with Israel.
Originality – Animosity was the most influential variable in this study. This reflects deep-seated resentment among Muslim consumers toward Israel, leading to a reluctance to purchase Israeli-affiliated products. They directly targeted Israeli-affiliated companies or products for boycotting as a form of expression of their anger and disapproval of Israel's invasion of Palestine. Interestingly, Muslim consumers in Indonesia still positively and favourably view products affiliated with Israel, even though they are reluctant to buy them.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Uus Ahmad Husaeni, Mohammed Ashfaq Ayoob
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References
- Abdullah, Z., Anuar, M. M., & Yaacob, M. R. (2021). The effects of religiosity and attitude on consumer boycotts. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(18), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i18/11432
- Abdullah, Z., Anuar, M., & Noor, M. (2024). Consumer boycott: The effect of religiosity and consumer attitudes. GJAT, 85–97. http://jurnal.usas.edu.my/gjat/index.php/journal
- Akhtar, N., Khan, H., Siddiqi, U. I., Islam, T., & Atanassova, I. (2023). Critical perspective on consumer animosity amid Russia-Ukraine war. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 20(1), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-02-2023-0015
- Al-hajla, A. H., Nguyen, B., Melewar, T. C., Jayawardhena, C., Ghazali, E., & Mutum, D. S. (2019). Understanding new religion-compliant product adoption (NRCPA) in Islamic markets. Journal of Global Marketing, 32(4), 288-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2018.1559907
- Ali, B. J. (2021). Impact of consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment on purchase readiness or aversion of Kurdish consumers in Iraq. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 55(2), 504–523. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12350
- Arinta, Y. N., & Mutmainah, S. (2023). Religious motivation and consumer boycotts: Enhancing global peace and moral justice. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 17(2), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v17i2.261-280
- Asnawi, N., Fanani, M. A., & Setyaningsih, N. D. (2023). Participation of Muslim consumers in boycotts of global companies’ products: Social dilemma perspectives. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 16(3), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2023-0000026
- Atmoko, A., Hambali, I. M., & Barida, M. (2022). Applying the rasch model to develop the religious motivation scale for junior high school students in online learning in the new normal era in Indonesia. Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi, 12(1), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.01.13
- Avci, I. (2024). Factors influencing the boycott intentions of Turkish consumers amid the Israel-Palestine conflict. Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios, 26(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v26i4.4282
- Awaludin, A. A., Al-Khaidar, M. A., & Ratnasari, R. T. (2023). Opinion leaders and product boycott intentions: Factors influencing consumer behavior in support of Israel boycott. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry, 5(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2023.5.2.20166
- Bayir, T., & Osmanoğlu, H. (2022). A study on consumer animosity, negative WOM (nWOM), and boycott behaviours of rival football fans. Sosyoekonomi, 30(53), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.03.12
- Beck, V. (2019). Consumer boycotts as instruments for structural change. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 36(4), 543–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12301
- Bröckerhoff, A., & Qassoum, M. (2021). Consumer boycott amid conflict: The situated agency of political consumers in the occupied Palestinian territory. Journal of Consumer Culture, 21(4), 892–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540519882483
- Chiang, L. F., & Arif, A. M. M. (2024). The intention to participate in the boycott movement among university students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(10), 1932–1944. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i10/23307
- Faza, F. T., Timur, Y. P., Mutmainah, L., & Rusgianto, S. (2022). You’ve over the line! Muslim consumers are resistant to opposite brand values. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business, 7(3), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.22515/shirkah.v7i3.529
- Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1). 2–24). https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
- Husaeni, U. A., & Ayoob, M. A. (2024). Determinants of halal business practices in Muslim minority countries: Evidence from Finland. Indonesian Journal of Halal Research, 6(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v6i1.33252
- Husaeni, U. A., Priyatno, D., Paminto, S. R., & Syaddad, H. N. (2024). Determinants of public investment decision in Forex Robots trading: Evidence from Indonesia. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 17(1), 119–145. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol17no1.4
- Khairawati, S., & Murtadlo, M. B. (2020). How does the public attitude towards advertising controversial products & advertising ethics? Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.11184
- Khraim, H. S. (2022). Exploring factors affecting consumers’ intentions to boycott French products in Jordan. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 28, 355–377. https://www.majcafe.com/exploring-factors-affecting-consumers-intentions-to-boycott-french-products-in-jordan/
- Kim, C., Yan, X., Kim, J., Terasaki, S., & Furukawa, H. (2022). Effect of consumer animosity on boycott campaigns in a cross-cultural context: Does consumer affinity matter? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 69, 103–123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103123
- Krüger, T., Hoffmann, S., Nibat, I. N., Mai, R., Trendel, O., Görg, H., & Lasarov, W. (2024). How consumer animosity drives anti-consumption: A multi-country examination of social animosity. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 81, 103990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103990
- Kusumawardani, K. A., & Yolanda, M. (2021). The role of animosity, religiosity, and allocentrism in shaping purchase intention through ethnocentrism and brand image. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 12(2), 503–525. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2021.12.67
- Kusumawati, A., Listyorini, S., Suharyono, & Yulianto, E. (2020). The role of religiosity on fashion store patronage intention of Muslim consumers in Indonesia. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020927035
- Ltifi, M. (2021). From boycott to product judgment in the coronavirus era: Chinese products cases. International Journal of Law and Management, 63(3), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-04-2020-0086
- Mawardi, I., Widiastuti, T., Al Mustofa, M. U., & Hakimi, F. (2023). Analyzing the impact of productive zakat on the welfare of zakat recipients. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(1), 118–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2021-0145
- Muhamad, N., Khamarudin, M., & Fauzi, W. I. M. (2019). The role of religious motivation in an international consumer boycott. British Food Journal, 121(1), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2018-0118
- Nurdiani, A. (2024). Moderating factors affecting brand loyalty in boycotts of Israel-Affiliated Brands. Journal of Consumer Studies and Applied Marketing, 2(2), 94–113. https://doi.org/10.58229/jcsam.v2i2.162
- Palacios Florencio, B., Revilla-Camacho, M. Á., & Garzón-Benítez, L. (2019). The attitude towards boycotts: Determining factors. Harvard Deusto Business Research, 8(2), 110–122. https://doi.org/10.3926/hdbr.242
- Roswinanto, W., & Suwanda, S. N. (2023a). Religious boycott in Indonesia: investigation of antecedents and the effect of religiosity dimensions. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(1), 174–195. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2020-0246
- Santovito, S., Campo, R., Rosato, P., & Khuc, L. D. (2023). Impact of faith on food marketing and consumer behaviour: a review. British Food Journal, 125(13), 462–481. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2023-0112
- Sari, D. K., & Games, D. (2024). Investigating young consumer’s boycott behavior in an emerging market. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2362444
- Singh, P. P., & Chahal, H. S. (2019). Consumers attitude towards controversial television commercials and its impact on purchase intentions. Management and Labour Studies, 45(1), 118–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X19890242
- Suhud, U., Allan, M., Hoo, W. C., Jia, Y., Rahmawaty, P., Hapsoro, B. B., & Prompanyo, M. (2024). The boycott dilemma: Analysing Indonesian consumers’ perceptions towards Russian products. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i10.2851.
- Sun, L., & Jun, J.-W. (2022). Effects of country animosity of angry Koreans on Japan: A focus on export regulation on Korea. Frontiers in Psychology, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961454
- Tariki, H. E., & Shukor, S. A. (2019). The factors influencing consumers’ willingness to boycott among Malaysian Muslim youth. Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference, 319–330. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.05.02.31
- Utama, A. P., Simon, J. C., Nurlaela, F., Asy, A., & Arsyad, hary J. (2023). The impact of the boycott movement on Israeli products on brand perception among muslim consumers: An analysis of brand image and customer loyalty. Branding: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 2(2), 56–69. https://www.journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/branding
- Verma, P. (2022). Animosity leads to boycott and subsequent reluctance to buy: Evidence from Sino Indian disputes. Review of International Business and Strategy, 32(3), 368–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-07-2020-0075
- Yoxon, B., Bai, X., & Turcsányi, R. Q. (2024). Willingness to boycott Russian goods in China: How political ideology shapes consumer preferences in an authoritarian context. Journal of Contemporary China, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2024.2427941
- Zralek, J. (2022). Consumer Boycotts in the Time of War Crisis: An Efficient Citizenship Strategy or a Temporary Spurt of Solidarity. Journal of Vincentian Social Action, 6(2), 70–87. https://scholar.stjohns.edu/jovsa/vol6/iss2/10
References
Abdullah, Z., Anuar, M. M., & Yaacob, M. R. (2021). The effects of religiosity and attitude on consumer boycotts. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(18), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i18/11432
Abdullah, Z., Anuar, M., & Noor, M. (2024). Consumer boycott: The effect of religiosity and consumer attitudes. GJAT, 85–97. http://jurnal.usas.edu.my/gjat/index.php/journal
Akhtar, N., Khan, H., Siddiqi, U. I., Islam, T., & Atanassova, I. (2023). Critical perspective on consumer animosity amid Russia-Ukraine war. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 20(1), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-02-2023-0015
Al-hajla, A. H., Nguyen, B., Melewar, T. C., Jayawardhena, C., Ghazali, E., & Mutum, D. S. (2019). Understanding new religion-compliant product adoption (NRCPA) in Islamic markets. Journal of Global Marketing, 32(4), 288-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2018.1559907
Ali, B. J. (2021). Impact of consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment on purchase readiness or aversion of Kurdish consumers in Iraq. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 55(2), 504–523. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12350
Arinta, Y. N., & Mutmainah, S. (2023). Religious motivation and consumer boycotts: Enhancing global peace and moral justice. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 17(2), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v17i2.261-280
Asnawi, N., Fanani, M. A., & Setyaningsih, N. D. (2023). Participation of Muslim consumers in boycotts of global companies’ products: Social dilemma perspectives. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 16(3), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2023-0000026
Atmoko, A., Hambali, I. M., & Barida, M. (2022). Applying the rasch model to develop the religious motivation scale for junior high school students in online learning in the new normal era in Indonesia. Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi, 12(1), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.01.13
Avci, I. (2024). Factors influencing the boycott intentions of Turkish consumers amid the Israel-Palestine conflict. Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios, 26(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v26i4.4282
Awaludin, A. A., Al-Khaidar, M. A., & Ratnasari, R. T. (2023). Opinion leaders and product boycott intentions: Factors influencing consumer behavior in support of Israel boycott. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry, 5(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2023.5.2.20166
Bayir, T., & Osmanoğlu, H. (2022). A study on consumer animosity, negative WOM (nWOM), and boycott behaviours of rival football fans. Sosyoekonomi, 30(53), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.03.12
Beck, V. (2019). Consumer boycotts as instruments for structural change. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 36(4), 543–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12301
Bröckerhoff, A., & Qassoum, M. (2021). Consumer boycott amid conflict: The situated agency of political consumers in the occupied Palestinian territory. Journal of Consumer Culture, 21(4), 892–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540519882483
Chiang, L. F., & Arif, A. M. M. (2024). The intention to participate in the boycott movement among university students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(10), 1932–1944. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i10/23307
Faza, F. T., Timur, Y. P., Mutmainah, L., & Rusgianto, S. (2022). You’ve over the line! Muslim consumers are resistant to opposite brand values. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business, 7(3), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.22515/shirkah.v7i3.529
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1). 2–24). https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Husaeni, U. A., & Ayoob, M. A. (2024). Determinants of halal business practices in Muslim minority countries: Evidence from Finland. Indonesian Journal of Halal Research, 6(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v6i1.33252
Husaeni, U. A., Priyatno, D., Paminto, S. R., & Syaddad, H. N. (2024). Determinants of public investment decision in Forex Robots trading: Evidence from Indonesia. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 17(1), 119–145. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol17no1.4
Khairawati, S., & Murtadlo, M. B. (2020). How does the public attitude towards advertising controversial products & advertising ethics? Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.11184
Khraim, H. S. (2022). Exploring factors affecting consumers’ intentions to boycott French products in Jordan. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 28, 355–377. https://www.majcafe.com/exploring-factors-affecting-consumers-intentions-to-boycott-french-products-in-jordan/
Kim, C., Yan, X., Kim, J., Terasaki, S., & Furukawa, H. (2022). Effect of consumer animosity on boycott campaigns in a cross-cultural context: Does consumer affinity matter? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 69, 103–123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103123
Krüger, T., Hoffmann, S., Nibat, I. N., Mai, R., Trendel, O., Görg, H., & Lasarov, W. (2024). How consumer animosity drives anti-consumption: A multi-country examination of social animosity. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 81, 103990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103990
Kusumawardani, K. A., & Yolanda, M. (2021). The role of animosity, religiosity, and allocentrism in shaping purchase intention through ethnocentrism and brand image. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 12(2), 503–525. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2021.12.67
Kusumawati, A., Listyorini, S., Suharyono, & Yulianto, E. (2020). The role of religiosity on fashion store patronage intention of Muslim consumers in Indonesia. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020927035
Ltifi, M. (2021). From boycott to product judgment in the coronavirus era: Chinese products cases. International Journal of Law and Management, 63(3), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-04-2020-0086
Mawardi, I., Widiastuti, T., Al Mustofa, M. U., & Hakimi, F. (2023). Analyzing the impact of productive zakat on the welfare of zakat recipients. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(1), 118–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2021-0145
Muhamad, N., Khamarudin, M., & Fauzi, W. I. M. (2019). The role of religious motivation in an international consumer boycott. British Food Journal, 121(1), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2018-0118
Nurdiani, A. (2024). Moderating factors affecting brand loyalty in boycotts of Israel-Affiliated Brands. Journal of Consumer Studies and Applied Marketing, 2(2), 94–113. https://doi.org/10.58229/jcsam.v2i2.162
Palacios Florencio, B., Revilla-Camacho, M. Á., & Garzón-Benítez, L. (2019). The attitude towards boycotts: Determining factors. Harvard Deusto Business Research, 8(2), 110–122. https://doi.org/10.3926/hdbr.242
Roswinanto, W., & Suwanda, S. N. (2023a). Religious boycott in Indonesia: investigation of antecedents and the effect of religiosity dimensions. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(1), 174–195. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2020-0246
Santovito, S., Campo, R., Rosato, P., & Khuc, L. D. (2023). Impact of faith on food marketing and consumer behaviour: a review. British Food Journal, 125(13), 462–481. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2023-0112
Sari, D. K., & Games, D. (2024). Investigating young consumer’s boycott behavior in an emerging market. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2362444
Singh, P. P., & Chahal, H. S. (2019). Consumers attitude towards controversial television commercials and its impact on purchase intentions. Management and Labour Studies, 45(1), 118–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X19890242
Suhud, U., Allan, M., Hoo, W. C., Jia, Y., Rahmawaty, P., Hapsoro, B. B., & Prompanyo, M. (2024). The boycott dilemma: Analysing Indonesian consumers’ perceptions towards Russian products. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i10.2851.
Sun, L., & Jun, J.-W. (2022). Effects of country animosity of angry Koreans on Japan: A focus on export regulation on Korea. Frontiers in Psychology, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961454
Tariki, H. E., & Shukor, S. A. (2019). The factors influencing consumers’ willingness to boycott among Malaysian Muslim youth. Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference, 319–330. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.05.02.31
Utama, A. P., Simon, J. C., Nurlaela, F., Asy, A., & Arsyad, hary J. (2023). The impact of the boycott movement on Israeli products on brand perception among muslim consumers: An analysis of brand image and customer loyalty. Branding: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 2(2), 56–69. https://www.journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/branding
Verma, P. (2022). Animosity leads to boycott and subsequent reluctance to buy: Evidence from Sino Indian disputes. Review of International Business and Strategy, 32(3), 368–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-07-2020-0075
Yoxon, B., Bai, X., & Turcsányi, R. Q. (2024). Willingness to boycott Russian goods in China: How political ideology shapes consumer preferences in an authoritarian context. Journal of Contemporary China, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2024.2427941
Zralek, J. (2022). Consumer Boycotts in the Time of War Crisis: An Efficient Citizenship Strategy or a Temporary Spurt of Solidarity. Journal of Vincentian Social Action, 6(2), 70–87. https://scholar.stjohns.edu/jovsa/vol6/iss2/10