Pengaruh Pembiayaan, Aset, dan FDR Perbankan Syariah terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Indonesia - Nurdany, Achmad (Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 2018)
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Sejak pertama kali Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) beroperasi, 1 Mei 1992, perbankan syariah terus mengalami pertumbuhan yang pesat.<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="IN"> Sampai dengan Juni 2015 ini, jumlah perbankan syariah di Indonesia sudah mencapai totalnya 12 Bank Umum<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="IN">Syariah (BUS), 22 Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS), dan 161 Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS). Meningkatnya pertumbuhan perbankan syariah di Indonesia pada dasarnya juga diharapkan mampu mendorong perekonomian bangsa dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia menjadi lebih<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="IN">baik<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="IN">.Penelitian ini disusun dalam rangka menganalisis apakah perbankan syariah berdampak terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia atau tidak, kalau berdampak kemudian bagaimana pengaruhnya apakah positif atau negatif. Kesejahteraan masyarakat dalam hal ini menurut perspektif Islam diukur dengan menggunakan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM+). IPM+ merupakan sebuah indeks yang dapat merepresentasikan kesejahteraan menurut perspektif Islam, dimana di dalam IPM+ terdapat 5 komponen maslahah yang terdiri<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="IN">dari agama, jiwa, intelektual, keluarga, dan harta.<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="IN">Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara individu, hubungannya dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia menurut perspektif Islam, variabel pembiayaan perbankan syariah berpengaruh positif signifikan, variable aset perbankan syariah berpengaruh negatif signifikan, dan variabel FDR perbankan syariah tidak memiliki pengaruh. Namun demikian, secara bersama-sama variabel pembiayaan, aset, dan FDR perbankan syariah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat menurut perspektif Islam di Indonesia.<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">begins its operation on 1st <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">May 1992<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN"> and since then the Islamic<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> banking <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">in Indonesia <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">has continued <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">showing<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> rapid growth. As of June 2015, the number of <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">Islamic<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> banks in Indonesia has reached a total of 12 Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS), 22 Sharia Business Units (UUS), and 161 Sharia Rural Financing Banks (BPRS). Increasing the growth of <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">Islamic<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> banking in Indonesia is expected to encourage the nation's economy and <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">increasing the <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">welfare of Indonesia<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">n society. This study <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">is arranged in order to analyze whether Islamic banking affects the welfare of <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">Indonesian society <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">or not, if <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">Islamic banking has <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">an impact<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN"> if it's <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">positive or negative. The<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN"> public <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">welfare from an Islamic perspective is measured using the Human Development Index (HDI +). <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">HDI<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> + is an index that can represent welfare according to Islamic perspective, <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">where<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> there are 5 components of maslahah consisting of religion, soul, intellectual, family, and property. The research result shows that individually,<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN"> Islamic banking has impact <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">with<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN"> the<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> welfare of Indonesian society <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">based on<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Islamic perspective<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">. <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Islamic banking financing has a significant positive effect, sharia banking asset variable has a significant negative effect, and the variable of FDR of sharia banking has no effect. Nevertheless, jointly financing variables, assets, and FDR of sharia banks have a significant effect on the welfare of society according to Islamic perspective in Indonesia.