Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the impacts of import duty and trade transaction cost reductions on economic performance, poverty, and income distribution inequality, through the top-down computable general equilibrium approach. Findings/Originality: It reveals that reducing import duty in agricultural decreases urban poverty but increases the poverty incidence at the rural and national levels. Reducing import duty in agricultural industry lowers urban and national poverty without affecting rural poverty. Meanwhile, the reductions of both import duty and transaction costs bring down the poverty incidence at all levels – urban, rural, and national. The inequality in rural and national income distribution increased due to the cuttings of import duty in agricultural and agricultural industry. However, it declined due to the reduction of transaction costs, and the combined transaction cost with import duty in agricultural or agricultural industry.
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References
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- Lofgren, H. (2003). Exercises in general equilibrium modeling using GAMS. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research. https://doi.org/10.1.1.490.2426
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References
Anas, T., & Roesad, K. (2003). Regional cooperation towards multilateral arrangements on agriculture, labor, and environment in the context of globalization: The case of Indonesia (CSIS Working Paper Series No. WPE065). Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.csis.or.id/working_paper_file/11/wpe065.pdf
Davis, D., & Mishra, P. (2007). Stolper-Samuelson is dead: And other crimes of both theory and data. In A. Harrison (Ed.), Globalization and Poverty (pp. 87–107). University of Chicago Press. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/chapters/c0111
Decaluwe, B., Lemelin, A., Maisonnave, H., & Robichaud, V. (2012). The PEP standard computation general equilibrium model: Single-country, static version. Canada: Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP). Retrieved from https://www.pep-net.org/pep-1-1-single-country-static-version
Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2004). Trade, growth, and poverty. The Economic Journal, 114(493), F22–F49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0133.2004.00186.x
Erwidodo. (1999). Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Indonesia: Institutional and structural aspects (CGPRT Centre Working Papers No. 41). https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.32698
Hamad, M. M., Mtengwa, B. A., & Babiker, S. A. (2014). The impact of trade liberalization on economic growth in Tanzania. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(5), 514–532. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i5/879
Harrison, A. (2006). Globalization and poverty (NBER Working Paper Series No. 12347). Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.3386/w12347
Khobai, H., & Chitauro, M. (2018). The impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth in Switzerland (MPRA Paper No. 89884). Muenchen.
Lofgren, H. (2003). Exercises in general equilibrium modeling using GAMS. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research. https://doi.org/10.1.1.490.2426
Ravallion, M., Datt, G., & Walle, D. (1991). Quantifying absolute poverty in the developing world. Review of Income and Wealth, 37(4), 345–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00378.x
Sakyi, D., Villaverde, J., Maza, A., & Bonuedi, I. (2017). The effects of trade and trade facilitation on economic growth in Africa. African Development Review, 29(2), 350–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12261
Statistics Indonesia. (2008a). Indonesia socio-economic survey (SUSENAS) 2008. Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from https://mikrodata.bps.go.id/mikrodata/index.php/catalog/44
Statistics Indonesia. (2008b). Indonesia special survey on household savings and investments (SKTIR) 2008. Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from https://sirusa.bps.go.id/webadmin/doc/metadata2008.pdf
Statistics Indonesia. (2008c). Statistical Year Book of Indonesia 2008: Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/
Statistics Indonesia. (2008d). Tabel input output Indonesia updating 2008. Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2008/12/09/5b655674abcb2a3db901b10d/tabel-i-o-updating-2008.html