Journal of Private and Commercial Law https://journal.uii.ac.id/JPCOL <p><strong>Journal of Private and Commercial Law</strong> is a peer-reviewed journal published by the <a href="https://law.uii.ac.id/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia</a>. JPCOL examines various actual legal issues in the field of private and commercial law both from a global and Indonesian perspective. JPCOL is dedicated to support the improvement and development of knowledge, especially in private and commercial law fields. JPCOL is published twice a year in June and December.</p> en-US <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</p> <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</p> <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.</p> <p><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See </span><a style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_new">The Effect of Open Access</a><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">).</span></p> 134100109@uii.ac.id (Dr. Inda Rahadiyan, S.H., LL.M.) 214102601@uii.ac.id (Jeffri Ardiansyah) Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.10 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Legal Protection for Crypto Asset Customers in Indonesia Against Investment Losses in Botxcoin https://journal.uii.ac.id/JPCOL/article/view/39580 <p><em>This study examines legal protection available to investors who have incurred financial losses following their investment in the Botxcoin crypto asset, within the framework of prevailing Indonesian regulatory instruments. Botxcoin has been officially designated as a legally tradable crypto asset pursuant to the Decree of PT Central Financial X Number: CFX/DIR-SK/004/IV/2025 concerning the Determination of the List of Crypto Assets, and its recognition is reinforced by the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 27 of 2024, which governs the supervision and licensing of crypto asset trading in Indonesia. Despite this formal legal status, the research reveals a lack of adequate legal remedies for affected investors. Employing a normative juridical methodology through statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, the study assesses the scope of regulatory oversight and the responsibilities of licensed physical crypto asset traders such as Indodax. The findings indicate the existence of a regulatory vacuum concerning restitution and compensation mechanisms for investor losses. This underscores the urgent need for the enhancement of investor protection frameworks, stricter enforcement of accountability standards for trading platforms, and greater investor vigilance to foster a more transparent and secure digital asset trading environment in Indonesia.</em></p> Taufan Bangun Samudra, Inda Rahadiyan Copyright (c) 2025 Taufan Bangun Samudra, Inda Rahadiyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://journal.uii.ac.id/JPCOL/article/view/39580 Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Carbon Exchange Trading and Monitoring Scheme In Indonesia and New Zealand https://journal.uii.ac.id/JPCOL/article/view/41561 <p><em>Climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions has led countries like Indonesia and New Zealand to develop carbon trading systems as mechanisms to reduce emissions. This study aims to analyze the differences in the structure and oversight of carbon market regulation between Indonesia and New Zealand, as well as to assess the effectiveness of their implementation. The research uses normative legal methods, combining comparative and statutory approaches. The findings indicate that Indonesia officially launched its carbon exchange in 2023, regulated by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and implemented through a market-based mechanism. In contrast, New Zealand has operated its Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) since 2008 using a closed-bid auction system with robust compliance monitoring by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). The study compares three key aspects: legal regulation, trading mechanisms, and supervision systems. The results reveal that New Zealand has more advanced obligations for sectors, price setting, and risk-based auditing, while Indonesia faces challenges in regulatory clarity and market participation. The study recommends strengthening Indonesia’s legal framework and reporting mechanisms to enhance the carbon market’s effectiveness and contribute meaningfully to emission reduction targets.</em></p> Muhammad Adriansyah, Adelia Kusuma Wardhani Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Adriansyah, Adelia Kusuma Wardhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://journal.uii.ac.id/JPCOL/article/view/41561 Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000