Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Lingkungan

Analysis of Water Quality Around the Fishpond Area, Citarum Watersheds, Karawang Regency

Nurul Amri Komarudin, Selly Arvinda Rakhman, Jairus Jesse M. Tubal — Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research was conducted to provide data on water quality based on physical and chemical parameters around the fishpond area, Citarum Watersheds, in Karawang Regency. Water quality is a primary requirement for the sustainability of local economic activities. However, with the increasing pollution load, there is concern that water quality around the fishpond area will decline, impacting fishpond productivity, public health, and the environment. Water samples were collected at 10 points along the Citarum Watersheds using a water quality test pen. The measured physico-chemical parameters included temperature, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results indicate that several physico-chemical parameters still do not meet the quality standards established by Government Regulation (PP) Number 22 of 2021. These include BOD and DO, where concentrations at all observation points exceeded the quality standards, while the COD values exceeded the standard at most points, except at stations 1-5. This exception is due to their considerable distance from agricultural activities or other community practices. The high COD concentration indicates a significant load of organic pollutants, which are suspected to originate from agricultural runoff and domestic waste. Conversely, the low DO concentration is caused by microorganisms in the water body utilizing the oxygen. These microorganisms require DO as an electron acceptor in their metabolic processes, leading to a decrease in DO levels in the water and a corresponding increase in BOD. The BOD/COD ratio at the study site ranged from 0.46 to 0.5, meaning the pollutants are categorized as biodegradable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the waters in the downstream region of the Citarum River are still suitable for use in freshwater aquaculture activities.

Pengaruh Mobilitas Penduduk dan Indikator Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Emisi Karbon di Indonesia Tahun 2020–2022

Agustin Kurniasari, Dara Sakina, Muhammad Afif Wirdiyan Zaldi, Robert Kurniawan — Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia is one of the world's largest contributors to carbon emissions, primarily from the fossil-fueled land transportation sector. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that a reduction in mobility could significantly decrease emissions, especially in densely populated areas with suboptimal public transportation systems. In addition, inequality in population distribution and differences in socioeconomic characteristics between regions lead to environmental pressures that vary across Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of population mobility and socio-economic indicators on carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in Indonesia during the unique pandemic period of 2020-2022. The method used is the Random Effect Model for panel data regression. The results show that mobility to workplaces and stores, economic growth, and poverty levels have a significant negative effect on emissions. Conversely, mobility in residential areas and population density have a significant positive effect. The variables of mobility to transit stations and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) were found to be not significant. These findings point to the need for low-emission transportation and household energy efficiency policies that are responsive to mobility dynamics and socio-economic characteristics of the community.

Karbon Aktif Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) untuk Mereduksi Bilangan Asam dan Peroksida

Ridwan Yusuf Lubis, Rizki Insani, Miftahul Husnah, Ali Affan Silalahi — Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Activated carbon is one of the adsorption materials commonly used to improve the quality of used cooking oil. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as a chemical activator on activated carbon derived from red onion peel. The research data were expressed quantitatively through physical and chemical characterization, while the results of color and odor tests were presented descriptively. Activated carbon from red onion peel was successfully produced through physical activation (400 °C) and chemical activation (H₃PO₄) with concentration variations A (8%), B (12%), C (16%), and D (20%). The characterization results showed a decrease in moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter content, while the carbon content increased. Sample D met the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995 for all physical and chemical characteristics. An increase in adsorption ability for acid value was observed in line with the increase in activator concentration. The ability to reduce peroxide value decreased in samples C and D compared to sample B, but still met the SNI 3741:2013 standard. The most optimal characterization and adsorption performance were obtained in sample D, with an acid value of 0.33% (mg KOH/kg) and a peroxide value of 8 (meq O₂/kg).

Efektivitas Elektrokoagulasi sebagai Metode Alternatif dalam Penurunan TDS dan Kesadahan pada Air Payau di Pulau Pasaran

Chelsy Afriany, Mutiara Fajar, Rahma Yanda — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation method in reducing TDS and hardness levels, as well as to analyze the effects of inter-electrode distance (1; 1.5; and 2 cm), applied voltage (15; 20; and 25 V), and contact time (20; 40; 60; and 80 minutes). The initial concentrations of brackish water samples were measured prior to treatment, and the samples were subsequently processed using an electrocoagulation reactor.

The highest TDS removal efficiency was achieved at an inter-electrode distance of 1.5 cm, reducing the concentration from an initial 5526 mg/L to 1225 mg/L (77.83%). Under the same condition, hardness decreased from 580 mg/L to 164 mg/L (71.72%). Regarding voltage variation, the greatest reduction in TDS and hardness was observed at 25 V, reaching 1090 mg/L (80.28%) and 176 mg/L (69.66%), respectively. The optimal treatment time was 60 minutes, resulting in a TDS reduction to 1100 mg/L (80.09%) and a hardness reduction to 186 mg/L (67.93%).

Inter-electrode distance, applied voltage, and contact time were found to have a significant effect on the electrocoagulation process in reducing TDS and hardness levels, as confirmed by ANOVA analysis.

Kontaminasi Gas CO di Terminal Jombor Yogyakarta

Moh Ade Mudhofar, Adam Rus Nugroho, Noviani Ima Wantoputri — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The risk of air pollution originating from the transportation sector constitutes a primary concern in this study. Terminal Jombor Yogyakarta, a Type B public transportation terminal with high vehicular activity serving Intercity–Interprovincial (AKAP), Intercity–Intraprovinical (AKDP), and Trans Jogja routes, has the potential to contribute significantly to ambient air pollution due to vehicle emissions.

This study focuses on identifying carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and analyzing the spatial distribution of CO levels within the Terminal Jombor area. A quantitative approach was employed through direct observation and measurements at three monitoring points. The results indicate that the highest CO concentration was recorded at Point 1 on the third day of observation (weekday), reaching 10,883.2 µg/Nm³, exceeding the ambient air quality standard of 10,000 µg/Nm³. Meanwhile, the highest average CO concentration was observed at Point 3, with a value of 2,446 µg/Nm³. This point is located near the terminal exit area, where vehicles tend to idle before accelerating, thereby increasing CO emissions. Furthermore, CO concentrations on weekdays were found to be higher than those recorded on weekends. Spatial distribution analysis revealed that Points 2 and 3 fall into the moderate to high concentration categories. These findings indicate the need for intervention by relevant authorities to mitigate potential health impacts associated with carbon monoxide exposure in the Terminal Jombor area.

Evaluasi Penurunan Emisi Karbon melalui Pemanfaatan Panel Surya Berbasis Pedoman Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) di Kawasan Industri Cikarang Bekasi

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from the energy sector are a major contributor to global warming, thus becoming a serious challenge in achieving sustainable development. Most industrial areas in Indonesia still rely on electricity supply from natural gas-fired Steam Power Plants (PLTU) which contribute to carbon emissions. Based on these problems, this study aims to: (1) evaluate the existing conditions of the integration of Solar Power Plants (PLTS) with Private Power Generation systems, (2) calculate the potential CO₂ emission reduction from the use of PLTS, and (3) analyze the Economic Value of Carbon (NEK) based on national policies. The method used refers to the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines with a Tier 2 approach, as well as NEK calculations based on the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (Permen ESDM) No. 16 of 2022. The results of the study show that the current PLTS integration uses an On-Grid system with a capacity of 30% of the connected capacity. This condition causes the emission reduction achieved to be still limited due to regulatory restrictions. To achieve optimal emission reductions, a transition to an off-grid system is necessary. The economic value of carbon from solar power plant utilization shows a surplus of IDR 812,463,000 per year. Further research is recommended to examine hybrid system scenarios, long-term economic analysis, and the impact of carbon incentive policies on accelerating renewable energy adoption in the industrial sector.

Penurunan Logam Berat Kromium (Cr) dalam Air Menggunakan Adsorben Ampas Tebu

Sahrul Ramadhan, Puji Lestari, Eko Siswoyo — Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal that is toxic, persistent, and potentially carcinogenic. Cr is widely produced from industrial activities such as leather tanning, textiles, and metal plating, making its presence in liquid waste a serious concern. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of reducing Cr concentrations in water using a sugarcane bagasse-based adsorption method, as well as to determine the effect of adding humic acid on enhancing adsorption effectiveness. The study was conducted in batch mode at the Water Quality Laboratory of the Environmental Engineering Program at the University of Islam Indonesia. The parameters varied included pH, contact time, and initial Cr concentration, while the adsorbent characterization was performed using FTIR and SEM. In this study, sugarcane bagasse was used as an adsorbent that had been carbonized at 350°C and sieved to a 50-mesh size. Cr concentration was anlyzed using SSA. Characterization result showed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and aromatic groups in sugarcane bagasse, as well as a porous surface morphology that supports the adsorption process. Optimal conditions were achieved at pH 3, contact time 1440 minutes, and Cr concentration 5 mg/L. The addition of humic acid was found to increase adsorption efficiency by 22,5%. The apporpriate ishoterm model is Langmuir with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1,52 mg/g, while the adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo second order model with rate constant K of 0,0496 g/mg·min.

Evaluasi Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) pada Fasilitas Daur Ulang Plastik: Analisis Parameter Fisik-Kimia

Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Plastic recycling industries generate wastewater with complex characteristics requiring effective treatment systems to meet environmental quality standards. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at plastic recycling facilities (PRF) through analysis of wastewater physicochemical parameters. Sampling was conducted at four sampling points: pump it (PI), floating clarifier 1 (FC1), floating clarifier 2 (FC2), and floating clarifier 3 (FC3) under two different operational conditions. The physicochemical parameters measured included COD, TSS, temperature, turbidity, TOC, and pH. The investigated WWTP consisted of three main units: tube flocculator, electrocoagulation (EC), and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). Results showed that tube flocculator had the best performance with removal efficiency of TSS 94.7%, turbidity 97.3%, and COD 82.4%, while successfully neutralizing pH from 11.84 to 7.24. EC unit showed variable performance between operational and non-operational conditions, with BOD removal efficiency of 42.9% and turbidity 40.9% under operational conditions. MBBR with HRT 14.5 hours showed BOD removal efficiency of 41.7% and COD 13.8%. However, the final effluent quality did not meet the standards set in Minister of Environment Regulation No.5 of 2014, particularly for BOD and COD parameters which still exceeded the permitted limits. This study provides comprehensive evaluation of WWTP performance in plastic recycling facilities and identifies the need for further optimization to improve wastewater treatment effectiveness.

Penurunan COD dan TSS pada Limbah Greywater Menggunakan Metode Elektrokoagulasi

Andika Munandar, Rahma Yanda, Tarisya Salsabila — Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Domestic activities at the ITERA TB 2 student dormitory generate greywater containing significant levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alongside specific pH levels. The direct discharge of this untreated wastewater poses a severe threat to local ecosystems. To address this issue, this study investigates electrocoagulation—an electrically-driven coagulation process—as an alternative treatment method to mitigate pollutant concentrations. The research evaluated the reduction of COD and TSS (dependent variables) across varying applied voltages (10, 20, and 30 V) and contact times (30, 60, and 90 minutes) as independent variables. The results indicated that the optimum treatment occurred at 30 V with a 90-minute contact time. Under these conditions, COD was successfully reduced from 115 mg/L to 11.5 mg/L, and TSS decreased from 103 mg/L to 9.5 mg/L, accompanied by a pH shift from 7.11 to 9.3. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the electrocoagulation method in significantly reducing greywater pollutants.