Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Lingkungan

Analisis Performa Indeks Stabilitas Termodinamik Radiosonde dalam Memprediksi Kejadian Thunderstorm di Bandar Udara Juanda

Rayhan Rafi, Yusron Faiz Athallah, Yosafat Donni Haryanto — Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Operational flight safety at Juanda International Airport relies heavily on the accuracy of short-term weather predictions (nowcasting), particularly in anticipating significant convective weather phenomena. This study aims to evaluate the performance of six thermodynamic instability indices (CAPE, K-Index, Lifted Index, Total-Totals, Showalter Index, and SWEAT) derived from 00.00 UTC radiosonde data in predicting Thunderstorm events occurring between 00.00–06.00 UTC. Using observational data from September 2024 to August 2025, verification was conducted through visual distribution analysis (Box Plot) and statistical contingency table scores (POD, FAR, CSI). Seasonal analysis shows that instability indices exhibit higher sensitivity during the Rainy Season (DJF) compared to the Dry Season (JJA), consistent with the greater frequency of convective events in that period. Quantitatively, the Lifted Index (LI) demonstrates relatively superior validation performance, indicated by the highest Critical Success Index (CSI) among all indices. This suggests that stability parameters based on parcel temperature differences are more representative of local atmospheric conditions than purely energy-based parameters such as CAPE. However, the generally low CSI values (< 0.2) indicate that these indices still have limited sensitivity in capturing local atmospheric dynamics at Juanda, as reflected by the relatively high occurrences of Misses and False Alarms. This study recommends prioritizing the use of LI, while further investigation on local threshold adjustments and extending the temporal scale of analysis is necessary to improve predictive performance.

Desain Inovasi Prototipe Teknologi Solar Distillation untuk Konversi Air Laut menjadi Air Bersih

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Clean water is a fundamental need for coastal and small island communities in Indonesia due to limited freshwater sources and high groundwater salinity caused by seawater intrusion. This study aims to design an innovative prototype of a solar-based seawater distillation technology as a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution. Technology adopts evaporation and condensation principles to convert seawater into clean water that meets quality standards. The distillation device is constructed using simple, corrosion-resistant materials, such as transparent glass, utilizing sunlight as the primary energy source, with condensed water droplets collected through an outlet pipe into a clean-water reservoir. The results demonstrate that the seawater distillation process is highly effective in separating seawater into clean water free from salt content, microorganisms, and impurities. The distillation process can reduce the salt content of seawater by up to 99% ppt and the pH level to 7.5. In addition, the hardness level (66.58 mg/L), nitrate (NO3⁻) (1.10 mg/L), nitrite (NO2⁻) (0.026 mg/L), iron (Fe) (<0.0034 mg/L), and microbiology (MPN Coliform and APM E. Coli = 0 MPN/CFU/100 mL) also decreased in accordance with the standard quality standards for clean water. The cost efficiency and ease of implementation of this technology offer a promising solution for clean water provision, supporting the achievement of sustainable development goals related to clean water and sanitation.

Estimation of the Empirical Model Parameters Governing Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient in 1D Stream Flow Using Statistical Methods

Mohammed Mawat — Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to find the values of the empirical parameters of a functional relationship for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (D) in 1D open channel flow, in order to have the best prediction of waste concentration and propagation in a long well mixed estuary. Linear and non-linear regression and Bayesian inference are employed for the estimation of the model parameters α, b and c, using field data. The paper compares simulated and actual dispersion coefficients and evaluates model accuracy by using statistical measures such as R-squared, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Log-Likelihood. The results prove the capability of statistical models in accurately representing the degree of dispersion in real-world channels. The OLS regression model has α of 0.1045, b of -0.26275, c of 1.38056, and R2 of 0.682. The model fits well, however there are no strong predictors. This is probably because the sample size is limited and there may be multicollinearity. The nonlinear regression analysis, based on data observations, produced optimal parameter estimates of α = 0.015914, b = 1.299749, and c = 1.361944. The model demonstrated a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.83, indicating a strong agreement between predicted and observed dispersion coefficients. Bayesian Inference gave coefficient estimates with confidence intervals. The c variable is the most important, followed by alpha, while b may be statistically insignificant because its confidence interval includes 0. The model is stable, as evidenced by R_hat (Gelman–Rubin diagnostic) ≈ 1 and high ESS (Effective Sample Size) values. The differences between the real and predicted D from the Bayesian model are reasonable, indicating a good fit to the model.

Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Tahu Terfermentasi sebagai Media Kultivasi Chlorella sp

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Fermented tofu wastewater is one type of organic waste that has the potential to be used as an alternative nutrient source in microalgae cultures, including Chlorella sp., This study aims to evaluate the use of fermented tofu wastewater as a culture medium for Chlorella sp., by comparing the growth rate at several treatment concentrations (15, 20, and 25 mg/L) and two controls, namely non-fermented wastewater and commercial NPK fertilizer. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and was conducted over 14 days. The parameters observed included daily cell density and water quality (pH and temperature). The results showed that all treatments, including the controls, produced relatively similar growth patterns, with peak density occurring on days 9 to 10. Based on the Kruskal–Wallis test, there were no significant differences between treatments (p>0.05), indicating that variations in fermented tofu liquid waste concentration in the range of 15–25 mg/L did not have a significant effect on the growth of Chlorella sp., Water quality during maintenance was within the optimal range, with a temperature of 25.2–26.0 °C and a pH of 8.6–9.3. These findings indicate that fermented tofu liquid waste has the potential as an alternative medium for microalgae culture, but optimization of the concentration or modification of the treatment is needed to obtain a significant increase in growth

Identifikasi Tingkat Kerawanan Kebakaran Hutan Lahan Berbasis Model Spasial Multi-Kriteria dengan Teknik Skoring–Overlay di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Forest fires are a major environmental problem in the province of South Sumatra, Indonesia, affecting ecosystems, public health, and the economy. Through scoring and overlay methods, this study was conducted to analyze the potential of forest fires in South Sumatra. This scoring method evaluates forest fire risk factors such as rainfall, soil type, land cover. Data from various sources were collected and processed, including satellite imagery, weather data, and historical fire reports using hotspot data detected by satellite imagery, showing a correlation between the vulnerability of Province South Sumatera to forest and land fires. The results of the assessment analysis were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) using overlay technology to create a map of forest fire potential. This map identifies areas with high, medium and low fire risk. Based on the research, the likelihood of forest fires is high in some areas of South Sumatra, especially during the dry season. Data analysis showed significant variability in the number of fires from year to year, with 2014, 2019, and 2023 being the highest peak. The objective of this research is to develop a fire susceptibility map based on physical and climatological parameters and to validate the model's accuracy against historical hotspot distributions. This susceptibility map is intended to serve as a spatial instrument for government authorities and stakeholders in designing more precise fire prevention and mitigation strategies based on the intrinsic characteristics of the South Sumatra region.

Model Dinamika Pertumbuhan Penduduk terhadap Kebutuhan Lahan Permukiman dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kecamatan Tanah Grogot Kabupaten Paser

Rina Ratna Sari — Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Population growth in Tanah Grogot District, Paser Regency, increases the need for residential land and green open space (RTH), which has the potential to put pressure on the environmental carrying capacity and capacity. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of population growth on land needs using a dynamic systems approach. The research method includes the preparation of a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to identify feedback relationships between variables and the development of a Stock and Flow Diagram (SFD) to simulate various policy scenarios. The variables analyzed include population size, growth rate, residential land needs, and green open space area. The simulation results show that without policy intervention, in 2075 the need for residential land is projected to reach 1.469,75 ha and green open space to reach 226,23 ha, with a land deficit of 412,44 ha. New land needs begin to occur in 2050 due to exceeding the capacity of available space, which indicates the potential for overshoot and degradation of ecological functions. The scenario of reducing the population growth rate from 1,74% to 1% is able to reduce the need for residential land to 1.097,07 ha and green open space to 172,10 ha, and delay the need for new land until 2060. Meanwhile, reducing the growth rate to 0,5% per year with a two-year delay also reduces spatial pressure and delays the deficit until 2065. This study concludes that controlling population growth plays an important role in maintaining the balance between development needs and environmental capacity. Integration of population policies with land use management and increasing green open space is needed to maintain the stability of ecological functions and support the sustainability of the urban environment

Sustainable Pavement Development Through Plastic Bottle Waste Utilization: A Performance and Cost Analysis

Safety Husna Pangestika, Muhammad Azmy Ikhsani, Artanti Kusuma Ayu — Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia is ranked among the top eight countries contributing the largest amount of plastic waste globally, producing approximately 3.4 million tons annually. One potential strategy to address this issue is the utilization of plastic waste in asphalt mixtures, which can enhance road infrastructure performance. This study employs mineral water bottle waste made of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), which is abundantly available but remains underutilized. In this research, PET was substituted into AC-WC asphalt mixtures using the wet mixing method with variations of 0%, 2%, 5%, 6%, and 8%. Each variation was tested using the Marshall method at the optimum asphalt content (OAC) to evaluate the mixture characteristics. Unlike previous studies that mainly emphasized technical aspects, this research also considers cost efficiency. The findings indicate that the optimum level was achieved at 5% PET, which increased the mixture strength by up to 28.44% compared to conventional asphalt, while reducing construction costs by as much as 2.02%. These results demonstrate that incorporating mineral water bottle waste not only improves pavement strength but also offers economic benefits and supports efforts to reduce plastic waste

Microplastics and Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soils Near the Landfill: A Case Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Puji Lestari, Muhammad Farid Baihaqi, Dhandhun Wacano, Almira Nur Amalia — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Piyungan landfill in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is a potential source of environmental pollution, releasing contaminants such as microplastics and heavy metals that can accumulate in the nearby soils. Agricultural soil surrounding the landfill has been found to contain both types of pollutants. The coexistence of microplastics and heavy metals may influence their environmental mobility and toxicity, potentially posing risks to ecosystems and human health. This study investigates the co-occurrence of microplastics and heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in agricultural soils near the Piyungan landfill. Soil samples were collected from four different points around the site. Microplastic extraction involved wet peroxide oxidation (WPO) using 30% H₂O₂, followed by density separation with saturated NaCl. The isolated microplastics were analyzed under a microscope, and polymer types were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Concentrations of Pb and Cd, both within the soil matrix and associated with microplastics, were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The abundance of microplastics in the soil ranged from 3450 to 5110 particles/kg, consisting of fragments, films, foams, fibers, and pellets in various colors. Detected polymers included polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Lead concentrations ranged from 5.1 to 8.4 mg/kg, while cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 mg/kg. These levels were significantly higher than those found in the reference soil, indicating the contamination of both microplastics and heavy metals in the agricultural soils near the landfill. Both heavy metals were also detected in microplastics. The observed co-contamination underscores the potential for complex interactions between microplastics and heavy metals in the soil near landfill, which may enhance their transport and combined toxicity.

Pandangan Era Transisi Pengelolaan Sampah di Indonesia: Dari Berbasis Masyarakat Menuju Waste to Energy

Fajri Mulya Iresha, Hatta Gutama, Febrian Rizkianto — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia has experienced a significant period of community-based waste management that has gained global recognition. Initiatives such as waste banks, 3R waste processing facilities (TPS 3R), waste donation programs, and creative communities such as Pandawara Group reflect the strength of public participation in addressing waste-related challenges. However, these approaches have begun to reveal their limitations, as they are often sporadic, unsystematic, and insufficient to address structural issues, including inadequate waste management services, institutional dualism between regulators and operators, and limited local government financing. Indonesia is currently facing emerging challenges, such as overcapacity at final disposal sites (TPAs), landfill fires, leachate pollution, and increasing waste generation driven by rapid urbanization.

This article aims to analyze the transition of waste management in Indonesia from a community-based approach toward a modern system that incorporates Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technology. The study was conducted through a literature review and policy analysis of waste management practices implemented across various regions. The findings indicate that the success of this transition depends not only on technological and infrastructural readiness but also on the integration of formal waste management systems with community participation at the grassroots level. Future waste management models in Indonesia should position communities as strategic partners within the WtE framework in order to achieve waste management that is equitable, efficient, and sustainable.