Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani’s Contribution to the 20th Century Nusantara-Haramain Ulama Intellectual Network in Manuscript Al-'Iqdu al-Farid min Jawahir al-Asanid

This study examines the intellectual network of Nusantara ulama (Muslim scholars) through the chain of transmission (sanad) found in Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani’s al-Iqdu al-Farid min Jawahir al-Asanid. Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani was a prominent Muslim scholar in Mecca and of Minangkabau descent. He was renowned for his extensive knowledge of the intellectual networks of Muslim scholars worldwide in the 20th century. Hence, this study investigates Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani’s contributions to the intellectual network of Nusantara scholars with the scholars of Haramain, focusing on the manuscript al-Iqdu al-Farid min Jawahir al-Asanid. This study utilized a literature review to analyze Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani’s contributions and his manuscript. The findings of this research explain that Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani’s al-Iqdu al-Farid min Jawahir al-Asanid provides crucial information regarding the intellectual network of Nusantara ulama with those in Haramain and the Middle East in the 20th century. It successfully revealed their expertise in various Islamic studies disciplines and their contributions to scholarly development.


INTRODUCTION
The Islamic intellectual network, known to Muslim scholars as sanad or isnad, is a crucial aspect that explains the scholarly credibility of individuals (Azra, 2013).This isnad has been a scholarly culture throughout the history of Islamic civilization from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the present day (Hakim, 2021).As evident in the hadith collections such as Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Tirmidhi, Sunan Ibn Majah, Sunan Nasai, Musnad Imam Ahmad, Musnad Imam Shafi'i, Muwatta Imam Malik, and many others, these works illustrate the intellectual network of scholars who narrate the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (Bukhari, 2006).Similarly, historical texts and biographical dictionaries of Arab figures (tarajim or siyar) also emphasize the importance of the intellectual network of Islamic scholars (Al-Zirikli, 2002).
In contemporary times, Azra (2013) has attempted to explain the intellectual relationship between scholars of the Malay Archipelago and those of the Middle East in the 17th-18th centuries.His efforts have been fairly successful in gathering data about them.This has been followed by other researchers such as Bizawie in "Masterpiece Islam Nusantara" (Bizawie, 2016), Imawan in "Jalan Dakwah Ulama Nusantara di Haramain (The Path of Nusantara Scholars in Haramain)" (Imawan, 2018a), and Sya'ban in his research on the masterpieces of Islam Nusantara and the intellectual network of Sheikh Mukhtaruddin Atharid (G.Sya'ban, 2021).
Nevertheless, new research is needed to trace the intellectual network of Nusantara scholars in Haramain, especially in the 20th century, particularly regarding Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani.He was renowned as a great scholar in Mecca and the world, yet still lacking sufficient research about him.As Sheikh Abdul Aziz al-Ghumari, a scholar from Morocco, stated, al-Fadani successfully revived the intellectual network of scholars in transmitting hadith and Islamic sciences (Mamduh, 1434).Similarly, according to Mukhtaruddin al-Falimbani, Sheikh Yasin was a great scholar known as musnid al-dunya, for he succeeded in gathering the intellectual network of scholars from various regions worldwide in his works and mastered various fields of Islamic studies.One of the significant pieces of information he explained regarding the intellectual network of Nusantara scholars is recorded in his book "Al-'Iqdu Al-Farid min Jawahir Al-Asanid" (Al-Fadani, 1402).
To support the urgency of this manuscript, there are several similar studies for comparison with the current study concerning Nusantara scholars, such as Imawan's writings on Sheikh Abdusshamad al-Falimbani (Imawan, 2018b), Sheikh Nuruddin al-Raniri (Imawan, 2022b), Sheikh Abdurrauf al-Sinkili (Imawan, 2022c), Sheikh Mahfuzh al-Tarmasi (Imawan, 2020), Sheikh Arsyad al-Banjari (Imawan, 2021a), and Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani (Fauzi & Imawan, 2022).Research on the works and scholars of Nusantara has also been conducted by Shaleh on "Miratu al-Thullab of Sheikh Sinkili" (Salleh et al., 2019), Meyer on his literary works, Hamzah al-Fansuri (Meyer, 2019), and Harisuddin on the Islamic organizational network in Indonesia (Harisudin, 2017).However, these studies differ from the current theme as they focus on Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani and the intellectual network of Nusantara scholars found in the manuscript "Al-'Iqdu Al-Farid."Therefore, this study is significant for examining and explaining the contribution of Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani in the intellectual network (sanad) of Nusantara scholars with the scholars of Haramain through an analysis of the manuscript "Al-'Iqdu Al-Farid min Jawahir Al-Asanid."

METHOD
This research is based on two main approaches, namely literature review and philological research.A literature review approach is used to explore the theoretical framework and historical context related to the material studied.Meanwhile, the philological research approach was carried out through observing and recording the manuscript of al-'Iqdu al-Farid min Jawahir al-Asanid.The manuscript was not only carefully examined, but also transliterated to facilitate further understanding.An in-depth analysis was carried out on the contents of the manuscript, taking into account linguistic elements and overall content.In addition, the manuscript was also compared with other works by Shaykh Yasin al-Fadani, allowing researchers to find unique patterns and comparisons that are useful in understanding these works.
The research results obtained from these two approaches provide in-depth insight into the content and context of the work of al-'Iqdu al-Farid min Jawahir al-Asanid.Through philological analysis, researchers can identify text variations and potential transcription errors, ensuring accurate interpretation.In addition, comparison with other works by Shaikh Yasin al-Fadani provides additional perspective on the writing style, themes raised, and development of ideas in the text.The combination of a literature review approach and philological research helps deepen understanding of the work and the author's contribution in the scientific and cultural context of that time.

Biography of Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani
Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani, whose full name is Sheikh Muhammad Yasin bin Muhammad Isa bin Udik al-Fadani al-Makki Abu al-Faidl Alamuddin, was a scholar from Mecca of Padang descent, Sumatra, Indonesia.He was born in the year 1916 CE or 1335 AH in Mecca al-Mukarramah, and passed away in 1990 in Mecca, hence he is also referred to as al-Makkiy (Al-Fadani, 1402, p. 1).He was the son of a scholar named Sheikh Muhammad Isa, who hailed from Kayu Tanam, Dua Kali Sebelas, Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman, Minangkabau, West Sumatra.His mother was related to Dr. Muhammad Djamil, a statesman from Minangkabau, Sumatra, Indonesia (Imawan, 2021b, p. 104).
According to Sheikh Mukhtaruddin al-Falimbani, Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani was an influential scholar in Mecca al-Mukarramah, hence he was referred to as 'Alamuddin, a reference scholar in various issues of Islamic religious knowledge.He was also known as musnid al-dunya (M.Al-Falimbani, 1988, p. 4).It is also noted in Bughyah al-Musytaq (Fadani, 2011, p. 16) and al-Fawaid al-Janiyah (Fadani, 1417, p. 37) that al-Fadani acquired knowledge from more than seven hundred scholars, authored over eighty books, and had hundreds, even thousands, of students who made significant contributions to perpetuating Islamic religious sciences.
Similarly, Sheikh Abdul Aziz Muhammad Siddiq al-Ghumari mentioned in an introduction to the book Tasynif al-Asma' written by Sheikh Said Mamduh Mesir, that we should be proud of Sheikh al-Fadani because he revived the intellectual network (isnad) like the hadith scholars in the classical era.He showed remarkable dedication in connecting the knowledge of scholars from the eastern and western parts of the world (Mamduh, 1434, p. 19).Not only that, al-Ghumari also stated that it is not an exaggeration to consider al-Fadani as a renewer of the science of narration in this century, because he succeeded in reviving the science of narration to prevent it from disappearing, and he ignited motivation among students to pursue that knowledge.Moreover, he authored numerous books in various fields such as exegesis, hadith, jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, legal maxims, narration, Arabic language, astronomy, and others.He was a person of noble character, humility, generosity, and compassion towards everyone.His character is reflected in a hadith: "Indeed Allah sends at the beginning of every century someone who will renew this religion" (Sijistani, 1988, no. 4291).
Similarly, this was mentioned by Sheikh Ali Shabuniy, the author of the commentary Rawai' al-bayan Tafsir Ayat al-Ahkam, in the book of chains of transmission he wrote Al-Tahrir Al-Yasir, that Sheikh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani al-Makki was a scholar who mastered many Islamic religious sciences and a renewer of the science of isnad (intellectual network or science of Narration), as well as a highly knowledgeable jurist.Al-Fadani was a scholar who had many teachers; about five hundred (five hundred) scholars; male and female, and he collected many chains of transmission whether through reading, listening, or authorization (Shabuniy, 2018, p. 38).Therefore, scholars agree that al-Fadani is an expert in the intellectual network of the scholars of the Hijaz (musnid al-Hijaz) and even more than that, al-Fadani is an expert in the intellectual network of scholars worldwide (musnid al-'ashri or musnid al-dunya) (Shabuniy, 2018, p. 38).
Additionally, Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani made significant contributions to the development of education for women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.In the early month of Rabiul Awwal in the year 1362 H / 1943 CE, he established Madrasah Banat Ibtidaiyah (primary school for girls) in Syamiyah, Mecca al-Mukarramah.Then, fifteen years later, precisely in the month of Rabiul Tsani in the year 1377 or 1957 CE, he established Ma'had Muallimat as its continuation.He also served as the rector of Dar al-Ulum al-Diniyyah established by Sayyid Muhasin Ali al-Musawa, and other Indonesian scholars such as Sheikh Zubair al-Mandaili, Abdul Rasyid al-Falimbani, Teungku Amir Mukhtar, Abdul Wahid Jambi, Ya'qub Firaq Abdul Majid, and Raden Setyo Atmojo (Imawan, 2021b, p. 109).Moreover, he was one of the scholars assigned to teach at the Masjid al-Haram specifically between Babu Ibrahim and Babu Wada', which was frequented by students from various countries; Egypt, Damascus, Yemen, Morocco, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and others (Imawan, 2022a).
According to Sheikh Yasin, he wrote the book Al-'Iqdu Al-Farid Min Jawahir Al-Asanid to teach and provide examples of the importance of scholarly lineage (intellectual network) that needs to be observed and known by students, especially those from the Far East (Al-Syarqu Al-Ba'id); Indonesia and other Nusantara islands.And this book is the essence of his previous book entitled Bughyah al-Murid min 'Ulum al-Asanid (Al-Fadani, 1402, p. 1).Interestingly, this book feels very special because it was written directly by Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani and then given to KH Sahal Mahfuzh.This is different from the intellectual lineage books of Sheikh Yasin written by his own students such as Bulugh al-Amani written by Sheikh Mukhtaruddin al-Falimbani, Al-Tahrir Al-Yasir written by Sheikh Ali Shabuniy, the author of Tafsir Rawai'u al-Bayan, and also Tasynif al-Asma' written by Sheikh Muhammad Said Mamduh from Egypt (Mamduh, 1434) (Al-Fadani, 1402, p. 51).Unfortunately, despite many intellectual lineages explained by al-Fadani in Al-'Iqdu Al-Farid, he did not elaborate on the intellectual network of Nusantara scholars in matters of Sufism, except for a few mentions related to Sufi books attributed to Imam Ghazali such as Ihya' Ulumuddin, and Imam Nawawi in Riyadus Ash-Shalihin, a book containing hadiths of morals (Farhana et al., 2021;Hajam et al., 2020).

CONCLUSION
Al-'Iqdu al-Farid, written by Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani and handed over to KH Sahal Mahfuzh, is an important document that provides information about the intellectual network of Nusantara scholars with scholars from the Haramain and scholars in the Middle Eastern countries.Not only that, but al-Fadani also succeeded in encouraging his students to revive the intellectual networks that had been part of Islamic culture in the classical era and were passed down to Nusantara scholars through generations.Therefore, the study of tracing the network of Nusantara scholars and scholars from the Haramain is crucial for researchers to uncover the scholarly heritage and scientific works they left behind, which serve as valuable references and the foundation for the intellectual advancement of Islam in the Indonesian Nusantara.
. Likewise, those written by other scholars who pay great attention to the intellectual network of scholars in the Islamic world, as written by Abdullah al-Mu'allimi in A'lam al-Makkiyyin, Umar Abdul Jabbar in Siyar wa Tarajim, Khairuddin Zirikli in al-A'lam, Abdussattar al-Dahlawi in Faidlu Wahhab al-Muta'ali, and others.But what is interesting about the book written by Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani in al-Iqdu al-Farid and differentiating it from previous books is his explanation regarding the influential Nusantara scholars in the intellectual network of Nusantara-Makkah scholars in the 20th century.Through this book, Al-'Iqdu Al-Farid Min Jawahir Al-Asanid, Sheikh Yasin al-Fadani provides important information regarding the Muhammad Abdulqadir al-Maliki, Muhammad Rasyid Rida and Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Ali Syaukani, Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab