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Abstract
Innovative behavior is considered a critical and essential factor for companies in the
world of work. This study aims to determine the extent to which psychological empowerment
influences the innovative behavior of employees working in pharmaceutical companies, with
transformational leadership and transactional leadership as moderators. The research subjects
were 115 employees from various pharmaceutical companies across ten cities in Indonesia.
Innovative behavioral scales, psychological empowerment scales, transformational leadership
scales, and transactional leadership scales were used to collect the data. Subgroup analysis and
moderated regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results show that
transformational leadership has a higher score compared to transactional leadership. This result
indicates that the hypothesis is accepted. Namely, that psychological empowerment is related
to innovative behavior. Specifically, the correlation between variables showed that
transformational leadership has a more substantial effect than transactional leadership
Keywords: innovative behavior; psychological empowerment; transactional leadership; transformational leadership.
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Erika Setyanti Kusumaputri, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Google Scholar : https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?hl=en&user=jQljvqUAAAAJ
References
- Avolio, B.J., Bass, B.M., & Jung, D.I. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 441-462.
- Axtell, C., Holman, D., & Wall, T. (2006). Promoting innovation: A change study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(3), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X68240
- Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J., Jung, D.I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assesing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (2), 207-218.
- Fay, D., Shipton, H., West, M. A., & Patterson, M. (2015). Teamwork and organizational innovation: The moderating role of the HRM context. Creativity and Innovation Management, 24(2), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12100
- George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2002). Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don’t: The role of context and clarity of feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.687
- Gusniati, N. (2013). Peran Pemberdayaan psikologis terhadap Perilaku Inovasi Pada Karyawan PT.X di Sukabumi. Jurnal Psikologi Industri. 21(7)
- Hoch, J. E. (2013). Shared Leadership and Innovation: The Role of Vertical Leadership and Employee Integrity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-012-9273-6
- Jha, S. (2010). Influence of psychological empowerment on affective, normative and continuance commitment : A study in the Indian IT Industry. Journal of Indian Business Research, 3 (4), 263-282.
- Jong, J.D., & Hartog, D.D. (2007). Measuring Innovative Work Behavior. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23-36.
- Kanter, R.M. (2009). Super Corp: How Vaguard Companies Create Innovation, Profits, Growth, and Social Good. London: Profile Books LTD.
- Nafisah, N.G., & Kusumaputri, E.S. (2014). Peran kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi Pada Guru Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Psikologika, 19(2), 101-202.
- Octavia & Retnaningsh. (2017). Efek Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan, Jurnal Manajemen, 20.
- Ouliaei, Soltani, Foroughi, & Asri (2017). Effect of Transformational Leadership and Self efficacy: A Case Study. Journal of Management Studies. 44(7), 225-234.
- Pieterse, A.N., Knippenberg, D.V., Schippers, M., & Stam, D (2010). Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Innovative Behavior : The Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 31(4), 609-623.
- Rahman, A. A. A., Panatik, S. A. ., & Alias, R. A. (2014). The Influence of Psychological Empowerment on Innovative Work Behavior among Academia in Malaysian Research Universities. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 78(21), 108–112. https://doi.org/10.7763/IPEDR
- Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1998). Following the Leader in R&D: The Joint Effect of Subordinate Problem-Solving Style and Leader-Member Relations on Innovative Behavior. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 45(1), 3. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=192753&site=ehost-live
- Shafie, S., Siti-Nabiha, A. K., & Tan, C. L. (2009). Organizational culture, transformational leadership and product innovation: a conceptual review. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 7, 30–43.
- Sharifirad, G., (2013). Effectiveness of Transformational and Transactional Leadership to Satisfaction of Work and Performance in Work Group. Leadership and Management Journal, 27(8), 223-231.
- Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. (2003). Transformational leadership , change readiness , and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 703–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-2122-x
- Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psychological empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 483–504.
- Street, C. T. K. F. R., & Christopher, T. S. (2001). Toward a multi-dimensional measure of individual innovative behavior. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), 284–296. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005660
- Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401535
- Van de Ven, A. H. (2016). Central Problems in the Management of Innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590–607. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2631848
- Zimmerer, T.W., & Scarborough, N.M. (2008). Kewirausahaan dan manajemen usaha kecil. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
References
Avolio, B.J., Bass, B.M., & Jung, D.I. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 441-462.
Axtell, C., Holman, D., & Wall, T. (2006). Promoting innovation: A change study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(3), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X68240
Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J., Jung, D.I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assesing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (2), 207-218.
Fay, D., Shipton, H., West, M. A., & Patterson, M. (2015). Teamwork and organizational innovation: The moderating role of the HRM context. Creativity and Innovation Management, 24(2), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12100
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2002). Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don’t: The role of context and clarity of feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.687
Gusniati, N. (2013). Peran Pemberdayaan psikologis terhadap Perilaku Inovasi Pada Karyawan PT.X di Sukabumi. Jurnal Psikologi Industri. 21(7)
Hoch, J. E. (2013). Shared Leadership and Innovation: The Role of Vertical Leadership and Employee Integrity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-012-9273-6
Jha, S. (2010). Influence of psychological empowerment on affective, normative and continuance commitment : A study in the Indian IT Industry. Journal of Indian Business Research, 3 (4), 263-282.
Jong, J.D., & Hartog, D.D. (2007). Measuring Innovative Work Behavior. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23-36.
Kanter, R.M. (2009). Super Corp: How Vaguard Companies Create Innovation, Profits, Growth, and Social Good. London: Profile Books LTD.
Nafisah, N.G., & Kusumaputri, E.S. (2014). Peran kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi Pada Guru Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Psikologika, 19(2), 101-202.
Octavia & Retnaningsh. (2017). Efek Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan, Jurnal Manajemen, 20.
Ouliaei, Soltani, Foroughi, & Asri (2017). Effect of Transformational Leadership and Self efficacy: A Case Study. Journal of Management Studies. 44(7), 225-234.
Pieterse, A.N., Knippenberg, D.V., Schippers, M., & Stam, D (2010). Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Innovative Behavior : The Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 31(4), 609-623.
Rahman, A. A. A., Panatik, S. A. ., & Alias, R. A. (2014). The Influence of Psychological Empowerment on Innovative Work Behavior among Academia in Malaysian Research Universities. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 78(21), 108–112. https://doi.org/10.7763/IPEDR
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1998). Following the Leader in R&D: The Joint Effect of Subordinate Problem-Solving Style and Leader-Member Relations on Innovative Behavior. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 45(1), 3. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=192753&site=ehost-live
Shafie, S., Siti-Nabiha, A. K., & Tan, C. L. (2009). Organizational culture, transformational leadership and product innovation: a conceptual review. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 7, 30–43.
Sharifirad, G., (2013). Effectiveness of Transformational and Transactional Leadership to Satisfaction of Work and Performance in Work Group. Leadership and Management Journal, 27(8), 223-231.
Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. (2003). Transformational leadership , change readiness , and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 703–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-2122-x
Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psychological empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 483–504.
Street, C. T. K. F. R., & Christopher, T. S. (2001). Toward a multi-dimensional measure of individual innovative behavior. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), 284–296. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005660
Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401535
Van de Ven, A. H. (2016). Central Problems in the Management of Innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590–607. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2631848
Zimmerer, T.W., & Scarborough, N.M. (2008). Kewirausahaan dan manajemen usaha kecil. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.