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Abstract
Sensation-seeking can be an outcome predictor in an organization when expressed through several social cognitive variables, such as emotional intelligence. Thus, the behavior generated by sensation-seeking can be more functional. The purpose of this study is to identify whether sensation-seeking can be expressed through emotional intelligence to predict individual performance. This study uses a quantitative design with a correlational strategy. The study participants were 167 Indonesian employees from three banking, oil and gas, and mining industries who filled out a questionnaire investigating their sensation-seeking, emotional intelligence, and individual performance. The questionnaires used Work Role Performance Scale and Learning Style Profiler. Data analysis was done by mediation process from Hayes. The results show that sensation-seeking and emotional intelligence directly predicts individual performance. However, indirect effect analysis proves that emotional intelligence cannot express sensation-seeking to predict individual performance. Thus, people who have high level of sensation-seeking not always bad because they can be an active learner also improve their work role performance in organization.
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References
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- Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: the role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. The Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 132–153.
- Charnigo, R., Noar, S. M., Garnett, C., Crosby, R., Palmgreen, P., & Zimmerman, R. S. (2013). Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity: Combined Associations with Risky Sexual Behavior in a Large Sample of Young Adults. The Journal of Sex Research, 50(5), 480–488.
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- Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., De Vet Henrica, C. W., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856–866. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763
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- Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
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- Reio, T. G., & Sanders-Reio, J. (2006). Sensation seeking as an inhibitor of job performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(4), 631–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.08.006
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business a skill-building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Sott, M. K., Bender, M. S., Furstenau, L. B., Machado, L. M., Cobo, M. J., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2020). 100 Years of Scientific Evolution of Work and Organizational Psychology: A Bibliometric Network Analysis From 1919 to 2019. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.598676
- Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
- Spector, P. E. (2019). Do Not Cross Me: Optimizing the Use of Cross-Sectional Designs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-09613-8
- Woods, S. A., Lieviens, F., Filip, D. F., & Wille, B. (2013). Personality across working life: The longitudinal and reciprocal influences of personality on work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), S7–S25.
- Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press.
- Zuckerman, Marvin, & Aluja, A. (2015). Chapter 13 - Measures of Sensation Seeking (G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, & G. B. T.-M. of P. and S. P. C. Matthews (eds.); pp. 352–380). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00013-9
References
Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and Operation of Attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 27–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.27
Alsuwailem, A., & Elnaga, A. A. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Personality and Job Performance “New Approach.” International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 5(12), 2319–8028.
Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: the role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. The Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 132–153.
Charnigo, R., Noar, S. M., Garnett, C., Crosby, R., Palmgreen, P., & Zimmerman, R. S. (2013). Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity: Combined Associations with Risky Sexual Behavior in a Large Sample of Young Adults. The Journal of Sex Research, 50(5), 480–488.
Gong, Z., Chen, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019). The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Job Burnout and Job Performance: Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2707. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02707
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327–347. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634438
Guy, M. E., & Lee, H. J. (2013). How Emotional Intelligence Mediates Emotional Labor in Public Service Jobs. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 35(3), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X13514095
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). The Guildford Press.
Jackson, C. J. (2005). An Applied Neuropsychological Model of Functional and Dysfunctional Learning: Applications for Business, Education, Training and Clinical Psychology. Cymeon.
Jackson, C. J. (2011). How Sensation Seeking provides a common basis for functional and dysfunctional outcomes. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.005
Jackson, C. J., Baguma, P., & Furnham, A. (2009). Predicting grade point average from the hybrid model of learning in personality: Consistent findings from Ugandan and Australian students. Educational Psychology, 29(7), 747–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410903254583
Jackson, C. J., Izadikah, Z., & Oei, T. P. S. (2012). Mechanisms underlying REBT in mood disordered patients: Predicting depression from the hybrid model of learning. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.025
Jiang, J. Y. A. N., Zhang, X., & Tjosvold, D. (2013). Emotion regulation as a boundary condition of the relationship between team conflict and performance: A multi-level examination. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), 714–734. http://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2063/stable/23464068
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., De Vet Henrica, C. W., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856–866. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763
Mussel, P. (2013). Introducing the construct curiosity for predicting job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1809
Neal, A., Yeo, G., Koy, A., & Xiao, T. (2012). Predicting the form and direction of work role performance from the Big 5 model of personality traits. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(2), 175–192.
O’Boyle, E. H., Humprey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawver, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788–818.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539–569. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
Reio, T. G., & Sanders-Reio, J. (2006). Sensation seeking as an inhibitor of job performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(4), 631–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.08.006
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business a skill-building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sott, M. K., Bender, M. S., Furstenau, L. B., Machado, L. M., Cobo, M. J., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2020). 100 Years of Scientific Evolution of Work and Organizational Psychology: A Bibliometric Network Analysis From 1919 to 2019. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.598676
Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
Spector, P. E. (2019). Do Not Cross Me: Optimizing the Use of Cross-Sectional Designs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-09613-8
Woods, S. A., Lieviens, F., Filip, D. F., & Wille, B. (2013). Personality across working life: The longitudinal and reciprocal influences of personality on work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), S7–S25.
Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press.
Zuckerman, Marvin, & Aluja, A. (2015). Chapter 13 - Measures of Sensation Seeking (G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, & G. B. T.-M. of P. and S. P. C. Matthews (eds.); pp. 352–380). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00013-9