Main Article Content
Abstract
Aggressive behavior is a concerning issue that requires attention because of its negative effects on victims. It can manifest in various forms and can be carried out by anyone, at any time. The reasons and conditions that contribute to this behavior are closely linked to an individual’s level of mindfulness. Previous studies have shown that mindfulness can minimize this aggressive behavior. Therefore, this meta-analysis study aims to examine the effect of mindfulness on aggressive behavior. It involves 17 scientific studies with 6,722 respondents. The entire results showed a negative relationship between mindfulness and aggressive behavior. The study obtained an effect-sized result of -.270 with 95% Cl [-.336, -.205] and I2 of 83.89%. This implies that mindfulness and aggression behavior have a small effect size due to other variables, factors, and mediators. These other variables and moderators need to be included in future studies to describe other factors more related to this behavior. Furthermore, similar studies need to be added to confirm the correlation between mindfulness and aggression behavior.
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References
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- Bronchain, J., Monié, B., Becquié, S., Chabrol, H., & Raynal, P. (2019). To better understand the link between psychopathy and antisocial behavior: moderation by dispositional mindfulness. Psychopathology, 52(3), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1159/000499663
- Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V, & Valentine, J. C. (2019). The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis (3th edition). Russell Sage Foundation.
- Elsayir, A. H. (2012). Computation and interpretation of effect size in a significance test. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(4), 27–32. www.irjes.comwww.irjes.com
- Estévez, E., Jiménez, T. I., & Moreno, D. (2018). Aggressive behavior in adolescence as a predictor of personal, family, and school adjustment problems. Psicothema, 30(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.294
- Fresnics, A., & Borders, A. (2017). Angry rumination mediates the unique associations between self-compassion and anger and aggression. Mindfulness, 8(3), 554–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0629-2
- Gallagher, K. E., Hudepohl, A. D., & Parrott, D. J. (2010). Power of being present: the role of mindfulness on the relationship between men’s alcohol use and sexual aggression toward intimate partners. Aggressive Behavior, 36(6), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20351
- Gao, Y., Shi, L., Smith, K. C., Kingree, J. B., & Thompson, M. (2016). Physical aggression and mindfulness among college students: Evidence from China and the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050480
- Garofalo, C., Gillespie, S. M., & Velotti, P. (2019). Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions. Aggressive Behavior, 46(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21868
- Gilbert, F., Daffern, M., Talevski, D., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2013). The role of aggression-related cognition in the aggressive behavior of offenders: a general aggression model perspective. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40(2), 119–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812467943
- Goodnight, J. A., Wilhoit, S. A., & Receveur, A. (2017). Social learning theory and the development of aggression. In The Wiley Handbook of Violence and Aggression, 1 – 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057574.whbva039
- Jamal, A., Govil, P., & Gupta, S. (2018). Aggression among adolescents – A cross-sectional study. IJournals: International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern, 6(4), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.25259/aujmsr_3_2019
- Kelley, T. M., & Lambert, E. G. (2012). Mindfulness as a potential means of attenuating anger and aggression for prospective criminal justice professionals. Mindfulness, 3(4), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0090-9
- Kim, E. L., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Barlett, C. P. (2022). Are mindful people less aggressive? the role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 48, 546–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.22036
- Kumari, V., & Kumar, P. (2018). Determinants of aggression among young adolescents. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 5010–5020.
- Lan, K. L., Abdullah, M. C., & Roslan, S. (2010). Understanding media violence and the development of aggressive behaviour of school children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(2), 522–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.070
- Mariamdaran Chethiyar, S. D., & Rukumangadan, R. K. (2020). The significance of mindfulness module to reduce aggression among prison inmates. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 570–584. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2020.61.570584
- Mikolajewicz, N., & Komarova, S. V. (2019). Meta-analytic methodology for basic research: a practical guide. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00203
- Myers, D. G. (2015). Social Psychology. In Psychology for Nurses (10 edition). McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12408_14
- Peters, J. R., Smart, L. M., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Geiger, P. J., Smith, G. T., & Baer, R. A. (2015). Anger rumination as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and aggression: the utility of a multidimensional mindfulness model. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(9), 871–884. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22189
- Sadeghi, S., Farajzadegan, Z., Kelishadi, R., & Heidari, K. (2014). Aggression and violence among Iranian adolescents and youth: A 10‑year systematic review. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(2), S83–S93. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.157663
- Schick, A., & Cierpka, M. (2016). Risk factors and prevention of aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. Journal for Educational Research Online 8 (2016) 1, S. 90-109, 8(1), 90–109. https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=12034
- Shelby, L. B., & Vaske, J. (2008). Understanding meta-analysis: A review of the methodological literature. Leisure Sciences, 30(2), 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400701881366
- Shepperd, J. A., Miller, W. A., & Smith, C. T. (2015). Religiousness and aggression in adolescents: The mediating roles of self-control and compassion. Aggressive Behavior, 41(6), 608–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21600
- Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2015). The relation between trait mindfulness and aggression in men seeking residential substance use treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(10), 1633–1650. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514548586
- Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J. A., Anderson, S. E., & Stuart, G. L. (2015). Dispositional mindfulness and aggression among women in residential substance use treatment. Substance Use and Misuse, 50(14), 1840–1844. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1050112
- Stephens, A. N., Koppel, S., Young, K. L., Chambers, R., & Hassed, C. (2018). Associations between self-reported mindfulness, driving anger and aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 56, 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.04.011
- Stephens, A. N., O’Hern, S., Young, K. L., Chambers, R., Hassed, C., & Koppel, S. (2020). Self-reported mindfulness, cyclist anger and aggression. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 144(May), 105625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105625
- The Jamovi Project. (2020). Jamovi (1.6.6). https://www.jamovi.org
- Thohar, S. F. (2018). Pengaruh mindfulness terhadap agresivitas melalui regulasi emosi pada warga binaan lembaga pembinaan khusus anak kelas 1 blitar. Jurnal Happines, Journal of Psychology and Islamic Science, 2(1), 23–29.
- Velotti, P., Garofalo, C., D’Aguanno, M., Petrocchi, C., Popolo, R., Salvatore, G., & Dimaggio, G. (2016). Mindfulness moderates the relationship between aggression and Antisocial Personality Disorder traits: Preliminary investigation with an offender sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 64, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.08.004
- Warburton, W. A., & Anderson, C. A. (2015). Aggression, Social Psychology of. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 1). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24002-6
- Yu, S., Zhang, C., Lin, Y., Zhang, Q., & Xu, W. (2020). Self-compassion as a mediator in the effect of dispositional mindfulness on anxiety and aggressiveness in college students with left-behind experience. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 22(2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.32604/IJMHP.2020.011194
- Yusainy, C., Karti, P. I. M., Ikhsan, R. R., & Hikmiah, Z. (2019). Left unheard: detecting mood and aggression through ostracism and trait mindfulness. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 34(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v34i2.2205
References
Aghajari, G., Golestaneh, S. M., & Pakizeh, A. (2017). Treatment of children’s aggression by behavioral therapy techniques. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 5(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.1.17
Arriani, F. (2014). Perilaku Agresif Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 8(2), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.36709/jrga.v4i2.18126
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Statistik Kriminal 2019. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2019/12/12/66c0114edb7517a33063871f/statistik-kriminal-2019.html
Bronchain, J., Monié, B., Becquié, S., Chabrol, H., & Raynal, P. (2019). To better understand the link between psychopathy and antisocial behavior: moderation by dispositional mindfulness. Psychopathology, 52(3), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1159/000499663
Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V, & Valentine, J. C. (2019). The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis (3th edition). Russell Sage Foundation.
Elsayir, A. H. (2012). Computation and interpretation of effect size in a significance test. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(4), 27–32. www.irjes.comwww.irjes.com
Estévez, E., Jiménez, T. I., & Moreno, D. (2018). Aggressive behavior in adolescence as a predictor of personal, family, and school adjustment problems. Psicothema, 30(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.294
Fresnics, A., & Borders, A. (2017). Angry rumination mediates the unique associations between self-compassion and anger and aggression. Mindfulness, 8(3), 554–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0629-2
Gallagher, K. E., Hudepohl, A. D., & Parrott, D. J. (2010). Power of being present: the role of mindfulness on the relationship between men’s alcohol use and sexual aggression toward intimate partners. Aggressive Behavior, 36(6), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20351
Gao, Y., Shi, L., Smith, K. C., Kingree, J. B., & Thompson, M. (2016). Physical aggression and mindfulness among college students: Evidence from China and the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050480
Garofalo, C., Gillespie, S. M., & Velotti, P. (2019). Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions. Aggressive Behavior, 46(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21868
Gilbert, F., Daffern, M., Talevski, D., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2013). The role of aggression-related cognition in the aggressive behavior of offenders: a general aggression model perspective. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40(2), 119–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812467943
Goodnight, J. A., Wilhoit, S. A., & Receveur, A. (2017). Social learning theory and the development of aggression. In The Wiley Handbook of Violence and Aggression, 1 – 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057574.whbva039
Jamal, A., Govil, P., & Gupta, S. (2018). Aggression among adolescents – A cross-sectional study. IJournals: International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern, 6(4), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.25259/aujmsr_3_2019
Kelley, T. M., & Lambert, E. G. (2012). Mindfulness as a potential means of attenuating anger and aggression for prospective criminal justice professionals. Mindfulness, 3(4), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0090-9
Kim, E. L., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Barlett, C. P. (2022). Are mindful people less aggressive? the role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 48, 546–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.22036
Kumari, V., & Kumar, P. (2018). Determinants of aggression among young adolescents. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 5010–5020.
Lan, K. L., Abdullah, M. C., & Roslan, S. (2010). Understanding media violence and the development of aggressive behaviour of school children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(2), 522–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.070
Mariamdaran Chethiyar, S. D., & Rukumangadan, R. K. (2020). The significance of mindfulness module to reduce aggression among prison inmates. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 570–584. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2020.61.570584
Mikolajewicz, N., & Komarova, S. V. (2019). Meta-analytic methodology for basic research: a practical guide. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00203
Myers, D. G. (2015). Social Psychology. In Psychology for Nurses (10 edition). McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12408_14
Peters, J. R., Smart, L. M., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Geiger, P. J., Smith, G. T., & Baer, R. A. (2015). Anger rumination as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and aggression: the utility of a multidimensional mindfulness model. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(9), 871–884. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22189
Sadeghi, S., Farajzadegan, Z., Kelishadi, R., & Heidari, K. (2014). Aggression and violence among Iranian adolescents and youth: A 10‑year systematic review. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(2), S83–S93. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.157663
Schick, A., & Cierpka, M. (2016). Risk factors and prevention of aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. Journal for Educational Research Online 8 (2016) 1, S. 90-109, 8(1), 90–109. https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=12034
Shelby, L. B., & Vaske, J. (2008). Understanding meta-analysis: A review of the methodological literature. Leisure Sciences, 30(2), 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400701881366
Shepperd, J. A., Miller, W. A., & Smith, C. T. (2015). Religiousness and aggression in adolescents: The mediating roles of self-control and compassion. Aggressive Behavior, 41(6), 608–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21600
Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2015). The relation between trait mindfulness and aggression in men seeking residential substance use treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(10), 1633–1650. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514548586
Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J. A., Anderson, S. E., & Stuart, G. L. (2015). Dispositional mindfulness and aggression among women in residential substance use treatment. Substance Use and Misuse, 50(14), 1840–1844. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1050112
Stephens, A. N., Koppel, S., Young, K. L., Chambers, R., & Hassed, C. (2018). Associations between self-reported mindfulness, driving anger and aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 56, 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.04.011
Stephens, A. N., O’Hern, S., Young, K. L., Chambers, R., Hassed, C., & Koppel, S. (2020). Self-reported mindfulness, cyclist anger and aggression. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 144(May), 105625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105625
The Jamovi Project. (2020). Jamovi (1.6.6). https://www.jamovi.org
Thohar, S. F. (2018). Pengaruh mindfulness terhadap agresivitas melalui regulasi emosi pada warga binaan lembaga pembinaan khusus anak kelas 1 blitar. Jurnal Happines, Journal of Psychology and Islamic Science, 2(1), 23–29.
Velotti, P., Garofalo, C., D’Aguanno, M., Petrocchi, C., Popolo, R., Salvatore, G., & Dimaggio, G. (2016). Mindfulness moderates the relationship between aggression and Antisocial Personality Disorder traits: Preliminary investigation with an offender sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 64, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.08.004
Warburton, W. A., & Anderson, C. A. (2015). Aggression, Social Psychology of. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 1). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24002-6
Yu, S., Zhang, C., Lin, Y., Zhang, Q., & Xu, W. (2020). Self-compassion as a mediator in the effect of dispositional mindfulness on anxiety and aggressiveness in college students with left-behind experience. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 22(2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.32604/IJMHP.2020.011194
Yusainy, C., Karti, P. I. M., Ikhsan, R. R., & Hikmiah, Z. (2019). Left unheard: detecting mood and aggression through ostracism and trait mindfulness. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 34(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v34i2.2205