Preservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings with the Adaptive Re-Use Method: A Content Analysis of Past Research

Buildings that make adaptive reuse, in general, are buildings that were previously buildings that emphasized their historical values, then changed and disadvantaged changes. In this study, the adaptive reuse building used is a change of function into a building that has value. The purpose of this study is to provide insight and dissect research that discusses adaptive reuse buildings on several continents in the world. Evaluation techniques are carried out by analyzing using tables and grouping each case study from previous research. The methods used in the study are comparative qualitative methods and data analysis using literature studies related to adaptive reuse theory relating to tourism and economic theory. The results of the study, it is expected to provide input and suggestions, which can later be used and used as proof that buildings that have experienced adaptive reuse also have valuable benefits for the building itself and the surrounding environment.


Introduction
Indonesia is a nation that has a lot of wealth in history and culture.The wealth can be in the form of tangible and intangible and is still widely stored throughout Indonesia, one of which is historical heritage buildings.The historic building is also one of the icons and identities for every region in Indonesia.Budihardjo (1985) said the architecture of historical buildings in Indonesia current in currently suffers from shortness of breath.The historic building was squeezed by new buildings or even destroyed to be new buildings so that the values in the ancient buildings were lost without a former.The loss of values that exist in historical buildings can eliminate a reflection to be able to recognize the origin of history or tradition of history.(Irwansyah, 2017) In the Big Indonesian Dictionary, the word abandoned is something that is stopped before completing or displaced.A building is something built like a house, building, or tower.The building is abandoned is a building that is no longer functioning and is not taken care of at all so the building is no longer feasible to use and the shape of the building has begun to be destroyed.(Pinandito, 2019) Preservation of old buildings is a strategic approach in city development because preservation guarantees the continuity of life values in the development process carried out by humans.One way to support old building preservation activities is by implementing incentives and disincentives for building preservation.In Indonesia alone, there are several forms of incentives and disincentives that have been included in the regulations on building preservation.(Sofiana, Purwantiasning, & Anisa, 2014) 62 In this case, the study was conducted by gathering many case studies and conducting a comparison using theory, the case study was a building that had experienced adaptive reuse and then changed its function into tourism and economic building, after conducting a comparison then conduct an assessment using a Likert scale to find out how far The building did not leave the existing value.

Research Limits
Research has limitations where it cannot make direct observations of existing cases, and of course, the data generated is in the form of secondary data which can later be developed as a basis for research on future Adaptive Reuse buildings.

Formulation of the problem
Benefits can be obtained after studying and dissecting 18 journals consisting of 4 continents and several countries.

Research purposes
This research is to compare research that has been done previously regarding the adaptive re-use, comparative research that has been carried out from various countries and see whether it still functions to its was as before or changes with new functions, then see whether the building is currently able to finance himself or not.

Literature Review
Adaptive Reuse is one way of building conservation efforts.In general, adaptive reuse is used as an alternative to protect and maintain historic buildings with steps to change old functions into new functions that are beneficial to the surrounding community and the area.(Sofiana et al., 2014) Adaptive reuse or reuse in historical buildings is usually often juxtaposed with a conservation concept.(Sari & Purwantiasning, 2018) The reuse of buildings adaptively is the main strategy of sustainable development.This provides a profitable economic and social way to provide new buildings that were previously not used for new life rent.This minimizes the need, which is almost unusual.(Kincaid, 2003) The application of the concept of adaptive reuse to an area and an old historic building, namely: 1. Making the area or building a source of history and culture while maintaining the historical values implied in it.2. Improve the economy of the local community with a new function of the area or building.(Sofiana et al., 2014) In the theory of adaptive reuse, many things need to be considered also in carrying out old building referrals, several questions must be considered in doing this.
The following is a consideration for repairing existing buildings will face six key questions: 1

Theory Tracing
Buildings that experience adaptive reuse include certain criteria, including buildings that are used as residential buildings, nonresidential buildings, mixed use buildings, and public buildings.(Glendinning, 2014) The explanation of these criteria is:  d.Public Buildings: In general, the building can be in the form of educational and social facilities.The most suitable adaptive use will depend on the original use and the purpose of using the building.The following five parts are dealing with the reuse of the adaptive church, agricultural buildings, factories, offices, and public buildings.This is the main type of property that can maintain adaptive reuse.(Kincaid, 2003)

Methodology Research Design
The methods used in the study are comparative qualitative methods and data analysis using literature studies related to adaptive reuse theory relating to tourism and economic theory.
Comparative qualitative methods are objective research because they interact with the facts under study and provide a picture of a precedent study as a comparison of research objects.(Bernard M Feilden, 2019)

Data Collection Technique
The research was conducted with the following steps: 1. Conduct a literature study through many previous studies.2. Selecting several studies that result in functional changes in cultural heritage buildings.3. Looking for several criteria that can be used as parameters and research assessments of the selected paper.4. Analyzed using tables and compared from several related aspects in adaptive reuse theory Get results and recommendations in the form of formulas that can later be used as an assessment of buildings that experience similar aspects.

Results and Discussion
Analysis of the results and discussion were carried out using tables based on the assessment criteria obtained based on the theory of Adaptive Reuse.The analysis is carried out in the following way:  Previous function

Function After Information
Tower House/apartment Buildings are reused for commercial purposes in addition to being able to maintain the building itself as well as develop the local economy.

Residential v v
Preservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings with the Adaptive Re-Use Method: A Content Analysis of Past Research Tri Astuti Ratna Ningsih, Putu Ayu P Agustiananda, Arif Budi Sholihah Conclusion: Of the 10 studies conducted on the Asian continent, the average was met in terms of commercial, and the building can support itself, the aspect of independence in

Function After Information
Hospital, Restaurant

Restaurant and Gallery
The building has undergone several significant changes, the most significant being from a hospital to a restaurant it is well maintained and can accommodate the interests of the building itself and the environment.

Residential v v v v
Country, Author, Year, Title Jakarta, Indonesia, Yeptadian Sari, Ari Widyati Purwantiasning, 2018, Return Building Analysis Old City Red Shop Culture Jakarta.

Function After Information
Old Town Red Shop

Rental building and Meeting Hall
The building is used to increase the economy of related parties and also to preserve and maintain the value of the building itself.The building is preserved as a tourism medium that has its history and value and needs to be preserved, to give identity to the area.Buildings can provide added value to culture and sustainability related to health, but they can also provide value that can be preserved for generations.

Commercial
Residential v this building has implications for many things in this case 4 buildings are used as residential, 5 mixed-use buildings and 1 public building.Conclusion: from the African continent there are 2 studies both of which are of course of commercial value and the building can independently finance itself as a valuable building.The two buildings have a related function, namely as a museum.

Function After Information
Existing Commercial

Existing Commercial
The building preserves itself, besides that it is also used as an independent building itself.Criteria The building which was originally the center of the royal government was then preserved as an educational, social, and cultural medium that is rich in values.

Resi
The building has its independence and provides a positive value to the environment.

Residential v v
Tri Astuti Ratna Ningsih, Putu Ayu P Agustiananda, Arif Budi Sholihah Adaptive Reuse is one of the efforts that can be done to preserve and maintain the cultural and historical values that exist in certain buildings.
Reuse can be in the form of functional changes that can at least pay for the building itself.
From 18 studies collected from four continents consisting of Asia, America, Africa, and Europe, 13 studies have proven that they can be used commercially and are mainly independent to finance themselves.Furthermore, 5 studies have different focuses such as Mixed-Use, Residential, and General buildings.This is relevant to one theory which states that in general adaptive reuse is used as an alternative to protect and maintain historic buildings by replacing old functions with new functions that are beneficial to the surrounding community and the area.(Sofiana et al., 2014)

Conclusion
Based on the research that has been done on several continents, it was found that most of the studies have met the criteria as an Adaptive Re-Use building where the definition of the building according to Sofiana (2014) is the building that can support itself even though the building has changed its function is not the same as its original function, but still, maintain and protect the historic building beside that it can also benefit the environment and the surrounding area.
Therefore, buildings that experience Adaptive Reuse should be able to have sustainability and sustainability that must be maintained so that they are not lost and experience extinction in the future.

c.
Mixed Use Building: In this case the formation of two or more different uses in the same building.An example is to change the building office building into a separate building on the ground floor and a flat building on the top floor is one example of a mixture change.This type of conversion, however, is the most complicated of all, because of the tighter technical requirements such as increasing fire protection and sound isolation.

Table 1 .
Comparison of Asian Continent Country

Table 2 .
Comparison of American Continent Country Conclusion: like on other continents, buildings can support themselves and are preserved as cultural values.

Table 3 .
Comparison of African Continent Country

Table 4 .
Comparison Of European Continent Country