Pattern of Utilization of Public Open Space in the Gorontalo Simpang Lima Roundabout Area

Gorontalo City is a developing city, has several public spaces to support all community activities, such as city parks, street corners, markets, terminals and buildings. As one of the efforts to provide public open space, the Simpang Lima Roundabout Area was built which has a positive impact on the development of regional and surrounding activities, the existence of this area is experiencing congestion caused by several factors, such as traffic density, the emergence of formal activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of utilization of public open space at the Simpang Lima Roundabout. This study uses a positivistic paradigm with a descriptive qualitative approach supported by survey methods. The results showed that this pattern of open space utilization occurred in a circular or radial manner and linearly followed the circulation path, the use of open space at the intersection of five detected was shopping, meeting and chatting.


Introduction
Public open space is an unbuilt space in a city that serves to improve the aesthetic quality, environment, and welfare of its citizens.According to (Dewi, 2015) Public space itself is a public space or land, where people can carry out public activities or other side activities, which can bind a community, whether it's a daily or periodic activity.Activities that occur can be in the form of daily routines, activities in a certain season or an event.
Public open space is part of urban space that cannot be separated from the scope of an area, namely urban areas.(Saragih et al., 2021) states that the city system is the fulfillment of the necessities of life for community, which includes residence, space, scope of work, and recreation space.
Many public spaces have changed functions to accommodate various activities needed as an effort to "solution" to the problem of limited public space in the city.Sidewalks as part of the city's public spaces that function as circulation paths are often also used as places to sell for street vendors and as parking lots.
In general, they sell by moving from place to place (Hantono et al., 2018).There are also many art workers who take advantage of public spaces to show their talents and at the same time depend on their survival in the city's public spaces to expect rewards from their performances (Arifiyani & Setijanti, 2022).
Gorontalo City is one of the developing districts/ cities in Gorontalo Province with various forms of public space to support all community activities.has a positive impact on the development of regional and surrounding activities.Several points of roads in Gorontalo City have the potential to experience congestion caused by several factors.As on Prof. Dr. Hi. John A. Katili street and Nani Wartabone street.
The shoulder of the road that should be used by pedestrians has now turned into a vehicle parking area which is not utilized properly, as well as 4-wheeled and 3-wheeled vehicles causing traffic jams in the intersection area.Parking is not in place.This is because the Simpang Lima area is the route to densely populated and urban settlements.because it is an office area, a place to eat, a car repair shop, a mini market, education, and there is a State Electricity Company (PLN) on Prof. Dr. Hi. John A. Katili street.The pattern in the Gorontalo intersection area uses a radial pattern.A central space is the reference for the organization of the linear spaces that develop according to the direction of the radius.
Based on the above, a research or study is needed on the Pattern of Utilization of Public Open Space in the Gorontalo Simpang Lima Roundabout Area.

Literature Review
The definition of space according to (Frastien et al., 2019) concerning Spatial Planning, what is meant by Spatial Planning is a process of spatial planning, space utilization, and space utilization control.Space can be interpreted as a place for human life and other living things as well as natural resources.Space, both as a container and as a natural resource, is limited.
Outdoor public is one of the main elements in a urban areas that must be considered.Enhancement on the effectiveness of public open spaces means that an increase in the quality of the city in it is filled with people dependent on the environment (Pratika et al., 2022) Public Space, public space is a shared space where the public can carry out various activities and are free of charge to enter the area.Activities that occur can be in the form of daily routines, activities in a certain season or an event.
The comfort of public open spaces is influenced by environmental aspects, among others protection from natural influences such as sunlight, wind, physical comfort in the form of the availability of adequate supporting facilities such as seating, social and psychological comfort (Susanti, 2014).
In a simple definition, public space is an open space outside the building, including: roads, squares, city parks, etc. (Nasution & Zahrah, 2017).Public space can accommodate various community activities individually or in groups (Purwanto, 2014).(Hantono et al., 2018), revealed that public space is a space formed between building masses.In line with that, also explained that public space has a function as a means of human mobility to move from one building to another or one place.to another place, (Rossini & Nervino, 2019).
The emergence of activities in an open space is because there are meetings and relationships with people.(Ghifari & Firdausan, 2020).Public open space is an open space in outside the building that can be used by any people and provide opportunities for the emergence of various activities (Rahmiati, 2017).However, the freedom of time and activities that occur in public spaces with all the existing limitations is a serious problem for urban spaces.

Methodology
The pattern of Utilization of Public Open Space in the Gorontalo Simpang Lima Roundabout Area uses a positivistic paradigm supported by survey methods.The positivistic paradigm considers the social reality that occurs as something that is empirical and can be observed in real terms and can be scientifically proven.This research approach is qualitative which produces descriptive type data from writing or expressions with observable behavior from humans.This qualitative research can be used to understand social activities and interactions, for example by observing the activities of users of public open spaces.
Pattern of Utilization of Public Open Space in the Gorontalo Simpang Lima Roundabout Area Faridah, Edward Syarif, Nurul Nadjmi Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula Gorontalo City duk which is considered as the total population (N) is 1,171,681 people, (Semarang, 2020).In this situation the degree of accuracy taken is 10%, which indicates that the level of accuracy of the study is categorized as accurate for a confidence level of 90%.

Slovin Formula Results
So the number of samples of visitors needed to answer Optimizing the Function of Public Open Spaces in the Gorontalo Simpang Lima Roundabout Area is 100 people who are considered to be able to answer questions from researchers.Has 2 variables, namely vehicle parking activities and street vendor activities in accordance with the Functions and Benefits of Public Open Space.Data collection using observation/survey methods, questionnaires and documentation.
Gorontalo City is the capital of Gorontalo Province.Geographically, it has an area of 79.03 Ha or 0.65 percent of the area of Gorontalo Province.Gorontalo City is divided into 9 subdistricts, consisting of 50 sub-districts.The Gorontalo Simpang Lima roundabout is located in the Tapa sub-district, Sipatana district.

Object Items Condition
Green open space Vegetation The results of observations that there are vegetation in the form of trees in table 2. are about 4 meters apart so that the function as shade is not maximized, as for other observations that vegetation such as dry bushes are not maintained so that it reduces the aesthetics of the park.

Result and Discussion
The analysis of the first research question was carried out based on the results of observations and questionnaires from the Gorontalo Simpang Lima field.The results of observations based on the functions and benefits of Open Space are (Imas Gandasari et al., 2021) see open space as a shared space, where people carry out their functional and ritual activities in a community bond, both in daily life and in periodic celebrations that are designated as open, where people carry out personal and group activities. .
Observations were made on community members in the Simpang Lima area who were in the area object.The results of observations and field questionnaires or formal activities that are seen based on the functions and benefits seen in the object of the research area are:

Recreational activities
The number of visitors to the Simpang Lima area of Gorontalo for 7 days starting from November 15 to November 21 are: Faridah, Edward Syarif, Nurul Nadjmi  The number of visitors by gender, who visited the Simpang Lima Roundabout Area, there was no difference between the number of male and female visitors, the number of female visitors was 315 and the number of male visitors was 362.The number of visitors based on time in the Simpang Lima Roundabout area is calculated as one week or seven days.The highest number of visitors is on Saturdays as many as 226 and Sundays as many as 266 visitors, as for the reason they are interested in visiting the Simpang Lima area, namely because it is a meeting point and easy to access, equipped with facilities such as a seating area or courtyard and various kinds of sales.Adipura park spot as a photo object.The number of visitors based on the type of activity in the Simpang Lima roundabout area is calculated for one week or seven days.The highest number of activities was meeting with 168 visitors, followed by other activities, namely working with 159 people, chatting with 141 people and the least with shopping activities amounting to 130 people, the highest number occurred on Sunday with a total of 102 visitors.
It is concluded that the most common type of activity is meeting activity, this is because the Simpang Lima area as a meeting point or recreation area is equipped with shops and various kinds of sales where public transportation is easier to reach so that visitors are more interested in this object.The emergence of activities in an open space is because there are meetings and relationships with people.(Ghifari & Firdausan, 2020).

Sports Activities
The number of visitor activities is obtained from the number of users of Sports Activities in the Simpang Lima area calculated for 1 week, namely: Based on Table 8. it is known that sports activities with the number of visitors in data collection are carried out for 1 week or for seven days.Sports activities in the Simpang Lima area of Gorontalo are only seen on Saturdays and Sundays with 25 users jogging and cycling 22 users while on Sundays with 24 users jogging and cycling 30 users.On Saturdays and Sundays user activity is only in the morning at 06.00 -10.00 and in the afternoon at 16.00-18.00it can be concluded that this activity is carried out on holidays only.Public open space is an open space in outside the building that can be used by any people and provide opportunities for the emergence of various activities (Rahmiati, 2017)

Educational Activities
The number of visitor activities that carry out activities related to educational activities in the Simpang Lima area is calculated for 5 days, namely: From the diagram, it is explained that educational activities in the Simpang Lima area of Gorontalo are mostly carried out in the afternoon, namely 22 visitors, while the least visitors are in the morning, namely 7 visitors, based on data obtained on Thursdays from 16.00 to 18.00 and Fridays.at 06.00 to 10.00.Based on the table on the pattern of utilization of Public Open Space in the Gorontalo Simpang Lima Roundabout area related to the time period and day, it was found that there were similarities in the level of repetitive activity with a tendency to refer to a time period that was not tied to any day.The quality of public space in a city can be seen from the performance of the public space in providing comfort for its users (Octarino & Kristiadi, 2019).
This activity is only seen in the Simpang Lima Open Space object or the courtyard because it is sufficient to accommodate several people with a slightly cool atmosphere with trees as a shade, compared to the Adipura Park object, the unavailability of seating containers and the Green Open Space currently cannot be used as a shelter.learning activities in the morning and afternoon due to the absence of shade to reduce heat.The pattern of utilization of public open space in the Simpang Lima area can be seen in the types of activities, namely as a meeting point area, working, chatting, shopping, resting and as a gathering place.In the Simpang Lima area, the traffic flow of regional facilities will be shared space as a medium of interaction between residents using objects.
Using a radial pattern because in the characteristic area of open space distribution this intersection is oriented to the main road and larger villages or to certain cities, with the circulation spreading from the center to smaller units, the circulation direction is in accordance with the radius of the circle.finger pattern and linear pattern of the area on the edge of a straight road that has a linear mass pattern.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Number of Visitors by Age Source: Author, 2022

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Number of Visitors by Gender Source: Author, 2022

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Number of Visitors by Gender Source: Author, 2022

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Number of Visitors by Activity Type Source: Author, 2022

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. (a) Sports Activities in Adipura park area (b) Sports Activities in the Green Open Space object area Source: Author, 2021

Figure 11 .
Figure 11.Outdoor learning process in Simpang Lima area of Gorontalo Source: Author, 2021

Table 1 .
Results of the physical condition of the object of research at the Gorontalo intersection

Table 2 .
Data on the Number of Visitors on Monday

Table 3 .
Data on the Number of Visitors on Tuesday

Table 4 .
Data on the Number of Visitors on Wednesday

Table 5 .
Data on the Number of Visitors on Thursday

Table 6 .
Data on the Number of Visitors on Friday

Table 7 .
Data on the Number of Visitors on Saturday

Table 8 .
Data on the Number of Visitors on Sunday

Table 8 .
Number of Sports Activity Data

Table 9 .
Data on Number of Educational Activities

Table 10 .
Output Pattern of Utilization of Public Open Space in the Simpang Lima Roundabout Area Pattern of Utilization of Public Open Space in the Gorontalo Simpang Lima Roundabout Area Faridah, Edward Syarif, Nurul Nadjmi