Journal of Architectural Research and Design Studies

Postmodernism and Commercialization of Vernacular Architecture: Spatial Hierarchy in Indonesian Traditional Houses

Aryasatya Rafa Prayitno — 2026-02-26

Societies continuously move toward what is perceived as a “better” condition. From myth to reason, from geocentrism to heliocentrism, and from colonization to revolution, these shifts mark fundamental changes in how societies construct knowledge and meaning. This study examines the influence of postmodernism and commercialization on vernacular architecture in Indonesia, with a specific focus on the transformation of spatial hierarchy within traditional houses. Using a qualitative and interpretative approach, the research analyzes how postmodern architectural ideals, such as plurality, symbolism, and contextual expression interact with market-driven pressures in shaping contemporary adaptations of vernacular forms. The study focuses on Indonesian traditional houses, particularly Joglo and Batak Toba dwellings, while selected postmodern architectural works are employed as a theoretical framework rather than primary objects of analysis. The findings indicate that commercialization not only affects architectural form and materiality but also reconfigures spatial hierarchy, altering traditional distinctions between sacred and profane, public and private, and central and peripheral spaces. This study argues that understanding changes in spatial hierarchy is crucial for critically assessing the impact of postmodernism and commercialization on vernacular architecture, and for addressing the challenges of preserving cultural meaning within evolving urban and socio-economic contexts.

Innovative Strategies for Improving Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Heritage Buildings

Hassan Gbran — 2026-02-26

This study introduces a novel integration of dynamic electrochromic glazing and CIGS photovoltaics tailored to the tropical heritage context of Lawang Sewu, aiming to provide a replicable retrofit model for similar Southeast Asian climates, focusing on Lawang Sewu, a colonial-era landmark in Semarang, Indonesia. The research integrates field measurements, simulation analyses, and retrofit modelling to assess indoor environmental quality across four functionally distinct rooms over one year. Retrofit interventions included electrochromic glazing, energy recovery ventilation, and Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic systems—a flexible thin-film solar technology suitable for heritage facades. Results revealed that electrochromic glazing reduced heating demands, while PV integration achieved up to 90.46% annual energy savings. Seasonal variation and occupancy patterns were found to significantly influence thermal conditions. The PA_RN package—combining passive and renewable solutions—was identified as the optimal retrofit approach, balancing energy performance, thermal comfort, and heritage aesthetics. The study underscores the potential for achieving sustainability in heritage structures through context-sensitive retrofitting, offering a replicable model for similar buildings in tropical climates.

Analysis of Indoor Air Quality in the Laboratories of Poltekkes Riau

Nopriandi Nopriandi — 2026-02-26

This study examines indoor air quality (IAQ) in Poltekkes Riau's laboratory building through systematic measurement of six parameters: CO₂, HCHO, TVOC, PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 per Minister of Health Regulation No. 48/2016. Direct measurements were conducted in ten laboratories under three operational conditions (active use, no activity, ventilation shutdown) across different time intervals. Results reveal significant deviations from standards: 60% of spaces exceeded CO₂ limits during active use, while PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded thresholds in 90% of measured spaces. Notably, 70% of rooms exceeded formaldehyde limits and 80% exceeded TVOC limits, particularly in spaces with MDF materials. Original findings document passive off-gassing phenomena where formaldehyde peaked during non-occupancy periods, and establish correlations between architectural features and multi-pollutant accumulation. Recommendations include strategic exhaust fan placement, low-VOC materials, and cross-ventilation systems for tropical educational environments, supporting the urgent need for updated building regulations addressing multi-pollutant environments in health education facilities.

A Systematic Literature Review of Creative Placemaking on Creative Approaches in Thematic and Contextual Settings

Amanda Rosetia — 2026-02-26

This study demonstrates that several key elements, including economic development, art and cultural engagement, participatory stakeholder involvement, and collaborative management, intersect with the concept of creative placemaking. This intersection suggests that, as the creative placemaking process impacts a wide array of interests, the reinforcement of creativity has, in some cases, diminished the recognition of its foundational contributions. The aim of this study is to explore how innovative placemaking can support regenerative strategy in development within a specific or thematic context, such as historical or protected sites. This research focuses on innovative placemaking strategies as essential components of notable socio-spatial concepts in specific geographies, including their unique natural features. To achieve this, a systematic literature review was conducted, examining creative placemaking research from around the world across all times. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized three major academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Science Direct. Through the process, five key thematic areas of creative placemaking were identified: (1) Cultural well-being, (2) Income generation, (3) Sectoral inclusion, (4) Art and creative endeavours, and (5) Context-specific settings. The primary aim of this study is to address a gap in the literature on creative placemaking, particularly in specialized or themed contexts, contributing to a more profound understanding of its role on contributed dimension in regenerative strategy.

The Psychological Impact of Instagrammable Cafe Interiors: The Case of a Santorini-Themed Room

Rizka Aulia Ramadhina — 2026-02-26

Contemporary cafe interior design not only serves as an aesthetic element but also plays a significant role in shaping visitors' emotional experiences. This study examines the influence of Instagrammable cafe interior design on visitors' emotional responses from a psychological perspective. The objectives of this study are to analyze the impact of interior design elements on cafe visitors' emotional reactions, examine the concept of Instagrammability as a factor influencing cafe visitors' perceptions and emotions, and identify opportunities for visitors to reorder and revisit the cafe. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews and field observations to collect data from two Gen-Z cafe visitors. This study utilizes Don Norman's emotional design theory, which is divided into three levels: visceral, behavioural, and reflective. The results of this study indicate that design elements such as colour, lighting, and spatial concepts are positively correlated with increased positive emotions in visitors. These findings also strengthen the role of interior design as a visual communication medium creating an emotional atmosphere in cafe spaces that supports daily activities, relaxation, and digital activities such as sharing photos on social media. The results of this study can be a reference for interior designers and cafe owners in designing spaces that are not only visually appealing but also consider the psychological aspects of the space's users.

Analysis of Building Orientation and Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) Influence on Indoor Air Temperature Case Study FMIPA and FIAI Buildings, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Mohamad Akbar Maulana — 2026-02-26

Building orientation and the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) are two critical factors affecting thermal comfort
in educational buildings located in tropical climates. This study aims to examine how orientation and
variations in WWR influence indoor air temperature through case studies of the FMIPA and FIAI buildings
at Universitas Islam Indonesia. Simulations were conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
to assess airflow and temperature distribution across different orientation and WWR scenarios. The results
reveal that a north–south orientation yields a more stable temperature distribution, while a 40% WWR is
optimal for balancing daylight and heat gain. The findings underscore the importance of passive design
strategies in enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort in tropical educational facilities.
Keywords: Building Orientation, Indoor Air Temperature, Thermal Comfort, Window-to-Wall Ratio
(WWR), Educational Buildings

Appraisal of Basic Infrastructure in Primary Schools in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria

Chikodi Alaka — 2026-02-26

This study appraises the availability and level of decay of basic infrastructure in primary schools within Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Using a method of stratified random sampling, twenty private and public primary schools were selected. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, and direct observations. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that most private schools are well managed and equipped, unlike the public schools, which have a high degree of inadequate basic infrastructure. This implies that private schools were more proactive in infrastructure management, ensuring regular maintenance and better resource allocation. The result of the ANOVA test revealed significant differences between the basic infrastructure availability of and its level of decay between public and private primary schools. The study concludes that the state of infrastructure in public primary schools poses serious challenges to effective teaching and learning. It therefore recommends a proactive approach, particularly preventive maintenance through collaborative effort.

Digitizing Geometric Ornaments of the Bandung Grand Mosque for Cultural Preservation

Ghaida Nasya Putri — 2026-02-26

This research explores the preservation of decorative motifs in the Bandung Grand Mosque through digitization as an effort to safeguard Islamic and Sundanese cultural heritage. Although the mosque has been widely discussed in architectural studies, systematic documentation of its ornaments is still limited. This study addresses that gap by digitizing geometric motifs and analyzing their structural complexity. A qualitative approach with a comparative strategy was applied, involving literature review, field observation, and digitization using CorelDRAW software. The findings show that geometric ornamentation dominates the mosque with varying levels of complexity depending on its line intersections and the number of geometric repetitions or tessellations. The study produces a publicly accessible digital catalog that preserves the accuracy of ornamental forms and supports their reuse in education, design, and cultural conservation. The results demonstrate that digitization is an effective method for documenting traditional ornaments while opening new possibilities for contemporary motif development.

Tri Angga's Concept Study on the Crea Office Facade in Nusa Dua, Bali

Nadia Putri Paramita — 2026-03-07

In fact, there have been regulations governing the appearance of buildings in Bali. One of them is the regulation regarding the appearance of Balinese buildings, which must embody the standards of traditional Balinese architecture. The main idea is to use the Tri Angga concept. This means dividing the area, called a mandala. The mandala is divided based on the human body. The human body is seen as having three parts. The research method used is the descriptive method, which involves compiling and analyzing data. This is described in the study through the results of observations. The qualitative method, which involves compiling and analyzing data and sources, is also used. In compiling and analyzing, data related to this study is sorted. Overall, the purpose of this study is to analyze traditional Balinese architecture in buildings as a supporter of regulations in the designed location area and to analyze the aesthetic elements of traditional Balinese architecture in office buildings.

Indonesian Modern Architectural Styles During The Late Colonial Period

Ashadi Ashadi — 2026-03-09

During the late period of colonialism in Indonesia, many buildings with various styles emerged in major cities, especially Jakarta, Bandung, Cirebon, Semarang, Solo, and Surabaya, in which the government and Dutch architects played an important role. This study aims to explore the architectural styles of modern Indonesian buildings in the late colonial period. The method used is comparative descriptive through literature study and field observation. The descriptive method was carried out on buildings by Dutch architects which were considered prominent. The analysis was carried out by comparing several buildings based on modern Western architectural references. The results of this study show that there were many modern buildings with various styles, which can be grouped into 5 styles: Neo-Classical, Neo-Renaissance, Art Deco, Vernacular, and Modern Tropical. These styles are the result of a tug-of-war between modern Western and Indonesian traditional architectural styles.

Transformation Of Fishermen's Settlements in Manado City

Claudia Talita Dariwu — 2025-03-10

Research explores the Transformation of Fishing Settlements in the Boulevard Dua coastal reclamation area of Manado City, focusing on how communities adapt to ecological changes and coastal urbanization. The reclamation initiative, intended to expand urban land, has resulted in shifts in spatial layouts, housing designs, and fishermen's income sources. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines GIS-based spatial analysis, direct field surveys, and in-depth interviews, the study uncovers that settlements now face inland rather than the sea, and traditional homes have transitioned into permanent multifunction residences. Livelihoods have moved from exclusive fishing to services and small-scale commerce. These observations demonstrate social and architectural adaptations to urban development pressures, while emphasizing the importance of fair, environmentally friendly coastal planning centered on local communities. Building on this context, the research explicitly targets three core issues in post-reclamation settlement transformation: spatial patterns of settlement, shifts in housing functions, and alterations in the architectural identity of local communities. The problem scope encompasses changes in spatial orientation from sea to land, reconfiguration of settlements from linear to grid or cluster forms, modifications of house roles from single-purpose to productive dwellings, and the effects on the continuity of coastal architectural identity deeply rooted in maritime culture. The anticipated results will not only chart physical and functional changes but also elucidate how fishing communities formulate adaptation strategies to uphold their architectural and social identities amid challenges posed by urbanization and reclamation policies.