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Abstract
An orthosis is a special device designed to support or improve body structure. In the case of flat feet, an orthosis helps support the arch, provide pressure damping, and increase stability, thereby reducing pain and discomfort. Flat foot is a foot deformity characterized by a lack of arch in the arch. A flat-foot orthotic insole is needed as one of the treatment therapies. The insole design is created using Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping methods and is made according to the specified design criteria. This flatfoot insole is custom-fitted to the patient's anatomical size and printed in Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) on a 3D printer. The result is a shoe insole that is flexible in design and practical in manufacturing.
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References
Ghane, D. B. (2021). Rapid Prototyping: The Revolutionary Technology And Applications Review. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 3(2), 1-7. https://repo.ijiert.org/index.php/ijiert/article/view/838
Bednarczyk, E., Sikora, S., Kossobudzka-Górska, A., Jankowski, K., & Hernandez-Rodriguez, Y. (2024). Understanding flat feet: An in-depth analysis of orthotic solutions. Journal of Orthopaedic Reports, 3(1),100250.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorep.2023.100250
Cheng, K. W., et al. (2021). A three-dimensional printed foot orthosis for flexible flatfoot: An exploratory biomechanical study on arch support reinforcement and undercut. Materials, 14(18),5297.https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185297
Hsu, C. Y., Wang, C. S., Lin, K. W., Chien, M. J., Wei, S. H., & Chen, C. S. (2022). Biomechanical analysis of the flatfoot with different 3D-printed insoles on the lower extremities. Bioengineering, 9(10),563.https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100563
Lee, H. J., Lim, K. B., Yoo, J. H., Yoon, S. W., Yun, H. J., & Jeong, T. H. (2015). Effect of custom-molded foot orthoses on foot pain and balance in children with symptomatic flexible flat feet. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(6), 905–913. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2015.39.6.905
Saiga, K., Ullah, A. S., Kubo, A., & Tashi. (2021). A sustainable reverse engineering process. Procedia CIRP, 101, 517–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.144
Sterman, Y., Solav, D., Rosen, N., Saffuri, E., & Zaritsky, L. S. (2024). Custom orthotic insoles with gradual variable stiffness using 3D printed spacer technique. Virtual and Physical Prototyping,19(1),1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2024.2336151
Su, S., Mo, Z., Guo, J., & Fan, Y. (2017). The effect of arch height and material hardness of personalized insole on correction and tissues of flatfoot. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2017, 8614341. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8614341
Xu, R., et al. (2019). Comparative study of the effects of customized 3D printed insole and prefabricated insole on plantar pressure and comfort in patients with symptomatic flatfoot. Medical Science Monitor, 25, 3510–3519. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.916975
Youn, K. J., Ahn, S. Y., Kim, B. O., Park, I. S., & Bok, S. K. (2019). Long-term effect of rigid foot orthosis in children older than six years with flexible flat foot. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 43(2), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.2.224
References
Ghane, D. B. (2021). Rapid Prototyping: The Revolutionary Technology And Applications Review. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 3(2), 1-7. https://repo.ijiert.org/index.php/ijiert/article/view/838
Bednarczyk, E., Sikora, S., Kossobudzka-Górska, A., Jankowski, K., & Hernandez-Rodriguez, Y. (2024). Understanding flat feet: An in-depth analysis of orthotic solutions. Journal of Orthopaedic Reports, 3(1),100250.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorep.2023.100250
Cheng, K. W., et al. (2021). A three-dimensional printed foot orthosis for flexible flatfoot: An exploratory biomechanical study on arch support reinforcement and undercut. Materials, 14(18),5297.https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185297
Hsu, C. Y., Wang, C. S., Lin, K. W., Chien, M. J., Wei, S. H., & Chen, C. S. (2022). Biomechanical analysis of the flatfoot with different 3D-printed insoles on the lower extremities. Bioengineering, 9(10),563.https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100563
Lee, H. J., Lim, K. B., Yoo, J. H., Yoon, S. W., Yun, H. J., & Jeong, T. H. (2015). Effect of custom-molded foot orthoses on foot pain and balance in children with symptomatic flexible flat feet. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(6), 905–913. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2015.39.6.905
Saiga, K., Ullah, A. S., Kubo, A., & Tashi. (2021). A sustainable reverse engineering process. Procedia CIRP, 101, 517–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.144
Sterman, Y., Solav, D., Rosen, N., Saffuri, E., & Zaritsky, L. S. (2024). Custom orthotic insoles with gradual variable stiffness using 3D printed spacer technique. Virtual and Physical Prototyping,19(1),1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2024.2336151
Su, S., Mo, Z., Guo, J., & Fan, Y. (2017). The effect of arch height and material hardness of personalized insole on correction and tissues of flatfoot. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2017, 8614341. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8614341
Xu, R., et al. (2019). Comparative study of the effects of customized 3D printed insole and prefabricated insole on plantar pressure and comfort in patients with symptomatic flatfoot. Medical Science Monitor, 25, 3510–3519. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.916975
Youn, K. J., Ahn, S. Y., Kim, B. O., Park, I. S., & Bok, S. K. (2019). Long-term effect of rigid foot orthosis in children older than six years with flexible flat foot. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 43(2), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.2.224