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Abstract
This study examines the dynamics of the spread of Shia preaching in Gumuk, Surakarta, and the responses of the predominantly Sunni community to it. Focusing on the development of Shia dakwah within a Sunni-majority society, the research explores the emergence of social tensions due to theological differences and ritual practices. A qualitative approach is employed through a case study method, with data collected via in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Key informants include local figures such as Pak Wanto (mosque takmir chairman) and participants in Shia study sessions. The findings reveal that although Shia dakwah is conducted cautiously and adaptively, social tensions persist, particularly regarding the practice of Taqiyah and the commemoration of Ashura rituals, which are deemed controversial. Rejection from Sunni groups is reinforced by anti-Shia narratives from organizations like the National Alliance Against Shia (ANNAS) and the Indonesian Ulema Council's (MUI) vigilance recommendations since 1984. Nevertheless, some individuals, such as Pak Sapto, attend Shia study sessions solely to deepen religious knowledge without fully adopting Shia teachings. The Shia preaching strategy in Solo applies the concept of surface conformity, starting with Sunni reference texts to build trust before introducing doctrinal differences. The study concludes that resistance to Shia can be mitigated through inter-group dialogue and inclusive religious education, thereby strengthening religious tolerance in a plural society.
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References
- Akhol, M. (2013). Strategi dakwah kelompok minoritas dalam masyarakat mayoritas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Dakwah.
- Coser, L. A. (1956). The functions of social conflict. New York: Free Press.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Fealy, G., & White, S. (2008). Expressing Islam: Religious life and politics in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
- Fitriana Arifin. (2023). Dinamika perbedaan pemahaman keagamaan dalam komunitas masjid. Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 12(2), 145–160.
- Hasan, N. (2012). Islam politik di Indonesia: Dinamika gerakan Islam pasca reformasi. Yogyakarta: LKiS.
- Hefner, R. W. (2011). Civil Islam: Muslims and democratization in Indonesia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Imran, M., Syamsiyatun, S., & Sofjan, D. (2023). Religious conversion to Shi’ism in Sunni-majority communities in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Studies, 34(1), 55–73.
- International Crisis Group. (2012). Indonesia: The Shi’a minority under threat. Brussels: International Crisis Group.
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
- Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
- Van Bruinessen, M. (2013). Contemporary developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the “conservative turn.” ISEAS Perspective, 1–10.
- Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Zulkifli. (2013). The struggle of the Shi‘is in Indonesia. Canberra: ANU Press.
- Zulkifli. (2016). Shi’a in Indonesia: The minority under pressure. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 10(1), 1–24.
- Wahyuni. (n.d.). Pendidikan keagamaan dan pemahaman mazhab dalam masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Islam.
References
Akhol, M. (2013). Strategi dakwah kelompok minoritas dalam masyarakat mayoritas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Dakwah.
Coser, L. A. (1956). The functions of social conflict. New York: Free Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Fealy, G., & White, S. (2008). Expressing Islam: Religious life and politics in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Fitriana Arifin. (2023). Dinamika perbedaan pemahaman keagamaan dalam komunitas masjid. Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 12(2), 145–160.
Hasan, N. (2012). Islam politik di Indonesia: Dinamika gerakan Islam pasca reformasi. Yogyakarta: LKiS.
Hefner, R. W. (2011). Civil Islam: Muslims and democratization in Indonesia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Imran, M., Syamsiyatun, S., & Sofjan, D. (2023). Religious conversion to Shi’ism in Sunni-majority communities in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Studies, 34(1), 55–73.
International Crisis Group. (2012). Indonesia: The Shi’a minority under threat. Brussels: International Crisis Group.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Van Bruinessen, M. (2013). Contemporary developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the “conservative turn.” ISEAS Perspective, 1–10.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Zulkifli. (2013). The struggle of the Shi‘is in Indonesia. Canberra: ANU Press.
Zulkifli. (2016). Shi’a in Indonesia: The minority under pressure. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 10(1), 1–24.
Wahyuni. (n.d.). Pendidikan keagamaan dan pemahaman mazhab dalam masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Islam.