Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions among private university students in South-West Nigeria, and to determine their significance.
Methodology – The study population consisted of final-year students from the Faculty/College of Business and Social Sciences across 11 selected private universities in South-West, Nigeria, offering entrepreneurship courses. This study used a sample of 623 students. Data were collected using a self-developed instrument with a reliability coefficient of 0.847 for student-related factors and 0.80 a entrepreneurial intentions. The Relative Significance Index (RSI) and multiple regression analyses were used.
Findings – The results revealed that most students perceived several factors as influential on entrepreneurial intention. The key factors were students’ personal factors, family history, technical abilities, and parental attitude. Despite recognizing these influences, many students lacked the skills to solve challenges and effectively utilized technical literature and other information sources. Multiple regression analysis indicated that student parental attitude, student personal factors, and technical abilities significantly influenced entrepreneurial intentions.
Implications – This study highlights the importance of enhancing students' personal factors, technical abilities, and parental attitudes to foster entrepreneurial intention. Educational institutions and policymakers should focus on these areas to cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset among students.
Originality – This study provides empirical evidence on the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among private university students in Nigeria, contributing to a broader understanding of how personal, familial, and technical factors shape entrepreneurial aspirations.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Olumuyiwa Oluseun Adeoye, Timilehin Olasoji Olubiyi
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References
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- Agu, A. G., Kalu, O. O., Esi-Ubani, C. O., & Agu, P. C. (2021). Drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university students: An integrated model from a developing world context. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. http://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2020-0277
- Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M. M., Ahmad, Z., Shaukat, M. Z., Usman, A., Rehman, W. U., & Ahmed, N. (2010). Determinants of students’ entrepreneurial career intentions: Evidence from business graduates. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), 14-22. https://www.europeanjournalofsocialsciences.com/ejss_issues.html
- Ajewole, O. T. (2021). How do formal and informal financial arrangements influence the growth and routines of small and medium scale enterprises? A qualitative investigation of the manufacturing sector in Southwest Nigeria. https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/24195/15057641%20AJEWOLE%20Olajide%20Final%20Version%20of%20PhD%20Submission.pdf;jsessionid=660F9D0FC14BAD30767F92456996C5A9?sequence=1
- Ajose, O. A. (2021). Entrepreneurship training and the intention to start new ventures among selected undergraduates in South-West, Nigeria [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Kwara State University
- Ang, S. H., & Hong, D. G. (2000). Entrepreneurial spirit among east Asian Chinese. Thunderbird International Business Review, 42(3), 285-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6874(200005/06)42:33.0.CO;2-5
- Azhar A., Javaid A., Rehman M., & Hyder A. (2010). Entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Pakistan. Journal of Law and Governance, 5(2), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v5i2.181
- Bridge, S., O’Neill, K., & Cromine, S. (l998). Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business. Macmillan Business.
- Chigbu, B. I., & Nekhwevha, F. H. (2021). The future of work and uncertain labour alternatives as we live through the industrial age of possible singularity: Evidence from South Africa. Technology in Society, 67, 101715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101715
- do Adro, F., Fernandes, C. I., Veiga, P. M., & Kraus, S. (2021). Social entrepreneurship Orientation and performance in non-profit organizations. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(4), 1591-1618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-021-00748-4
- Ebiala, P. O. (2021). Transfer of technology as a veritable vehicle for economic growth in Nigeria: The law connection. International Review of Law and Jurisprudence, 3(2). https://www.nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/IRLJ/article/view/1548/1519
- Farinloye, T., Adeola, O., & Mogaji, E. (2020). Typology of Nigerian universities: A strategic marketing and branding implication. In Understanding the Higher Education Market in Africa (pp. 168-198). Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429325816-14
- Gelb, S., Kalantaryan, S., McMahon, S., & Perez-Fernandez, M. (2021). Diaspora finance for development: From remittances to investment. Publications Office of the European Union.
- Henderson, R. & Robertson, M. (1999), Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young adult attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career, Education + Training, 41(5), 236-245. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400919910279973
- Ibrahim, A.W., Shogbesan, Y. O., & Iliyasu, A. (2022). Testwiseness, digital accessibility, and attitudinal disposition to computer-assisted testing among undergraduate students in North-West, Nigeria. Journal of Digital Learning and Education, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v2i1.324
- Igweh, F. K., & Egbule, S. A. C. (2022). Youths entrepreneurial insight and job creation: The Covid-19 debacle in Delta State. Nigerian Academy of Management Journal, 17(1), 17–31. https://namj.tamn-ng.org/index.php/home/article/view/161
- Kabir, I., & Ibrahim, U. A. (2021). Effect of job stress on commitment of female entrepreneurs: Evidence from Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(5), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1292
- Kadir, M. B. A., Salim, M., & Kamarudin, H. (2012). The relationship between educational support and entrepreneurial intentions in Malaysian higher learning institution. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2164-2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.182
- Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
- I O, L., & A O, A. (2022). Need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in tertiary institutions in Southwest, Nigeria. Advance Journal Of Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 6(2). https://aspjournals.org/ajbed/index.php/ajbed/article/view/20
- Lee, W. N., Lim, B. P., Lim, L. Y., Ng, H. S., & Wong, J. L. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention: A study among students of higher learning institution [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Universiti Tunku Abdur Rahman.
- Lorz, M., & Volery, T. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention. University of St. Gallen.
- Melugbo, D. U., Ogbuakanne, . M. U., & Jemisenia, J. O. (2021). Entrepreneurial potential self-assessment in times of Covid-19: Assessing readiness, engagement, motivations and limitations among young adults in Nigeria. Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(1), 12–28. https://iannajournalofinterdisciplinarystudies.com/index.php/1/article/view/33
- Nuhu, L. Y. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurship education on developing students entrepreneurial attitudes and intention in emerging economies: An Assessment of the Nigeria Case [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], University of Worcester.
- Nwibe, K. J., & Bakare, J. (2022). Self-efficacy belief and entrepreneurial intention of electrical/ electronics technology education students in South-Eastern Nigerian Universities: A moderated mediation analyses. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-022-00318-0
- Olaoye, I., Bruce, F. A., & Kareem, Y. K. A. (2021). Women entreprenuership in South-Western Nigeria: The attitudinal approach. Fudma International Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 168-181.
- Ojo, A. E., & Uwagwu, M. A. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and youth empowerment in contemporary Nigeria. Kwasu Journal of the Business of Education, 3(1), 201-207. https://www.kwasujtbe.com.ng/index.php/JTBEKWASU/article/view/58
- Ogunade, A. O. (2019). Factors influencing entrepreneurship development in Nigeria: The role of learning [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], The University of Regina.
- Olanipekun, O. J., & Adelekan, S. A. (2022). Why i buy what i buy? the dynamics of brand awareness on consumers' choice. In Entrepreneurship and Post-Pandemic Future (pp. 73-86). Emerald Publishing Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-902-720221006
- Olubiyi, Timilehin Olasoji, Egwakhe, J, Akinlabi, & B. H. (2019a). Knowledge management and family business continuity: The moderating effect of length of time in existence. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 19(A5), 29–35. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2743
- Olubiyi, T. O. (2019b). Knowledge management practices and family business profitability: Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 19(A11), 21–31. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2872
- Olubiyi, T.O., Egwakhe, A. J., & Egwuonwu, T. K. (2019c). Managerial roles and competitive advantage: SMEs perspective from Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 7(3), 1-14. https://eajournals.org/ijsber/vol-7-issue-3-june-2019/managerial-roles-and-competitive-advantage-smes-perspective-from-lagos-state-nigeria/
- Olubiyi, T.O. (2020). Knowledge management practices and family business profitability: Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria, Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(1) 23-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0056218
- Olubiyi, T.O., (2022a). Measuring technological capability and business performance post-Covid era: Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, Management & Marketing Journal, 20(2), 234- 248. https://mnmk.ro/documents/2022_2/9-15-2-22.pdf
- Olubiyi, O., A.T, L., & O.O, A. (2022b). Succession planning and family business continuity: perspectives from Lagos State, Nigeria. Organization and Human Capital Development, 1(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.31098/orcadev.v1i1.865
- Olubiyi, T.O. (2022c). An investigation of sustainable innovative strategy and customer satisfaction in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) in Nigeria. Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 13(2). https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjbss/article/view/3274
- Olubiyi, T.O., Jubril, B., Sojinu, O.S., & Ngari, R. (2022d). Strengthening gender equality in small business and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), Comparative analysis of Kenya and Nigeria, Sawala Jurnal Administrasi Negara, 10(2) 168-186. https://doi.org/10.30656/sawala.v10i2.5663
- Olubiyi, T. O., Adeoye, O. O., Jubril, B., Adeyemi , O. S., & Eyanuku, J. P. (2023). Measuring inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa post-pandemic: Correlation results for workplace inequalities and implication for sustainable development goal ten. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), e01405. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1405
- Owoseni, O. O., Mayungbo, O. A., Olatunji, O. A., & Okunola, O. E. (2021). Will emotional intelligence predict entrepreneurial intentions?. North American Journal of Psychology, 23(1). https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2021-19385-001
- Oyshi, A. H., Shanjabin, S., & Yasmin. K.S (2022). Relationship between career intention and academic performance of university students: A study based on Khulna Region, Bangladesh. International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities, 5(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v5i1.953
- Paulus, A. L., & Hermanto, Y. B. (2022). The competitive advantage of furniture SMEs in East Java: The role of aggressiveness in entrepreneurship orientation. Economies, 10(6), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060139
- Peng, Z., Lu, G., & Kang, H. (2013). Entrepreneurial intentions and its influencing factors: A survey of the university students in Xi’an China. Creative education, 3(08), 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.38B021
- Radipere, N. S. (2013). An analysis of local and immigrant entrepreneurship in the South African small enterprise sector [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], University of South Africa.
- Taiwo, W. T. (2021). "Take my card": Analyzing the business cards of Nigerian entrepreneurs in Guangzhou. Material Culture, 53(1). https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A2%3A18203042/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A150273231&crl=c
- Turker, D., & Selcuk, S. S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students?. Journal of European industrial training. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910939049
- Ugwu, F. O. (2022). Motivation at individual level: Implications for successful entrepreneurship in Nigeria. African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 12(1). https://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php/AJSBS/article/view/1502/1437
- Veciana, J. M., Aponte, M., & Urbano, D. (2005). University students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship: A two countries comparison. The international entrepreneurship and management journal, 1(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-1127-5
- Wang, C. K., & Wong, P. K. (2004). Entrepreneurial interest of university students in Singapore. Technovation, 24(2), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00016-0
- Williams, T. A., Zhao, E. Y., Sonenshein, S., Ucbasaran, D., & George, G. (2021). Breaking boundaries to creatively generate value: The role of resourcefulness in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5), 106141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106141
References
Agu, A. G., & Nwachukwu, A. N. (2020). Exploring the relevance of Igbo traditional business school in the development of entrepreneurial potential and intention in Nigeria. Small Enterprise Research, 27(2), 223-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1752789
Agu, A. G., Kalu, O. O., Esi-Ubani, C. O., & Agu, P. C. (2021). Drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university students: An integrated model from a developing world context. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. http://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2020-0277
Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M. M., Ahmad, Z., Shaukat, M. Z., Usman, A., Rehman, W. U., & Ahmed, N. (2010). Determinants of students’ entrepreneurial career intentions: Evidence from business graduates. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), 14-22. https://www.europeanjournalofsocialsciences.com/ejss_issues.html
Ajewole, O. T. (2021). How do formal and informal financial arrangements influence the growth and routines of small and medium scale enterprises? A qualitative investigation of the manufacturing sector in Southwest Nigeria. https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/24195/15057641%20AJEWOLE%20Olajide%20Final%20Version%20of%20PhD%20Submission.pdf;jsessionid=660F9D0FC14BAD30767F92456996C5A9?sequence=1
Ajose, O. A. (2021). Entrepreneurship training and the intention to start new ventures among selected undergraduates in South-West, Nigeria [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Kwara State University
Ang, S. H., & Hong, D. G. (2000). Entrepreneurial spirit among east Asian Chinese. Thunderbird International Business Review, 42(3), 285-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6874(200005/06)42:33.0.CO;2-5
Azhar A., Javaid A., Rehman M., & Hyder A. (2010). Entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Pakistan. Journal of Law and Governance, 5(2), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v5i2.181
Bridge, S., O’Neill, K., & Cromine, S. (l998). Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business. Macmillan Business.
Chigbu, B. I., & Nekhwevha, F. H. (2021). The future of work and uncertain labour alternatives as we live through the industrial age of possible singularity: Evidence from South Africa. Technology in Society, 67, 101715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101715
do Adro, F., Fernandes, C. I., Veiga, P. M., & Kraus, S. (2021). Social entrepreneurship Orientation and performance in non-profit organizations. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(4), 1591-1618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-021-00748-4
Ebiala, P. O. (2021). Transfer of technology as a veritable vehicle for economic growth in Nigeria: The law connection. International Review of Law and Jurisprudence, 3(2). https://www.nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/IRLJ/article/view/1548/1519
Farinloye, T., Adeola, O., & Mogaji, E. (2020). Typology of Nigerian universities: A strategic marketing and branding implication. In Understanding the Higher Education Market in Africa (pp. 168-198). Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429325816-14
Gelb, S., Kalantaryan, S., McMahon, S., & Perez-Fernandez, M. (2021). Diaspora finance for development: From remittances to investment. Publications Office of the European Union.
Henderson, R. & Robertson, M. (1999), Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young adult attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career, Education + Training, 41(5), 236-245. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400919910279973
Ibrahim, A.W., Shogbesan, Y. O., & Iliyasu, A. (2022). Testwiseness, digital accessibility, and attitudinal disposition to computer-assisted testing among undergraduate students in North-West, Nigeria. Journal of Digital Learning and Education, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v2i1.324
Igweh, F. K., & Egbule, S. A. C. (2022). Youths entrepreneurial insight and job creation: The Covid-19 debacle in Delta State. Nigerian Academy of Management Journal, 17(1), 17–31. https://namj.tamn-ng.org/index.php/home/article/view/161
Kabir, I., & Ibrahim, U. A. (2021). Effect of job stress on commitment of female entrepreneurs: Evidence from Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(5), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1292
Kadir, M. B. A., Salim, M., & Kamarudin, H. (2012). The relationship between educational support and entrepreneurial intentions in Malaysian higher learning institution. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2164-2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.182
Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
I O, L., & A O, A. (2022). Need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in tertiary institutions in Southwest, Nigeria. Advance Journal Of Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 6(2). https://aspjournals.org/ajbed/index.php/ajbed/article/view/20
Lee, W. N., Lim, B. P., Lim, L. Y., Ng, H. S., & Wong, J. L. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention: A study among students of higher learning institution [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Universiti Tunku Abdur Rahman.
Lorz, M., & Volery, T. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention. University of St. Gallen.
Melugbo, D. U., Ogbuakanne, . M. U., & Jemisenia, J. O. (2021). Entrepreneurial potential self-assessment in times of Covid-19: Assessing readiness, engagement, motivations and limitations among young adults in Nigeria. Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(1), 12–28. https://iannajournalofinterdisciplinarystudies.com/index.php/1/article/view/33
Nuhu, L. Y. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurship education on developing students entrepreneurial attitudes and intention in emerging economies: An Assessment of the Nigeria Case [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], University of Worcester.
Nwibe, K. J., & Bakare, J. (2022). Self-efficacy belief and entrepreneurial intention of electrical/ electronics technology education students in South-Eastern Nigerian Universities: A moderated mediation analyses. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-022-00318-0
Olaoye, I., Bruce, F. A., & Kareem, Y. K. A. (2021). Women entreprenuership in South-Western Nigeria: The attitudinal approach. Fudma International Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 168-181.
Ojo, A. E., & Uwagwu, M. A. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and youth empowerment in contemporary Nigeria. Kwasu Journal of the Business of Education, 3(1), 201-207. https://www.kwasujtbe.com.ng/index.php/JTBEKWASU/article/view/58
Ogunade, A. O. (2019). Factors influencing entrepreneurship development in Nigeria: The role of learning [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], The University of Regina.
Olanipekun, O. J., & Adelekan, S. A. (2022). Why i buy what i buy? the dynamics of brand awareness on consumers' choice. In Entrepreneurship and Post-Pandemic Future (pp. 73-86). Emerald Publishing Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-902-720221006
Olubiyi, Timilehin Olasoji, Egwakhe, J, Akinlabi, & B. H. (2019a). Knowledge management and family business continuity: The moderating effect of length of time in existence. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 19(A5), 29–35. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2743
Olubiyi, T. O. (2019b). Knowledge management practices and family business profitability: Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 19(A11), 21–31. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2872
Olubiyi, T.O., Egwakhe, A. J., & Egwuonwu, T. K. (2019c). Managerial roles and competitive advantage: SMEs perspective from Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 7(3), 1-14. https://eajournals.org/ijsber/vol-7-issue-3-june-2019/managerial-roles-and-competitive-advantage-smes-perspective-from-lagos-state-nigeria/
Olubiyi, T.O. (2020). Knowledge management practices and family business profitability: Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria, Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(1) 23-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0056218
Olubiyi, T.O., (2022a). Measuring technological capability and business performance post-Covid era: Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, Management & Marketing Journal, 20(2), 234- 248. https://mnmk.ro/documents/2022_2/9-15-2-22.pdf
Olubiyi, O., A.T, L., & O.O, A. (2022b). Succession planning and family business continuity: perspectives from Lagos State, Nigeria. Organization and Human Capital Development, 1(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.31098/orcadev.v1i1.865
Olubiyi, T.O. (2022c). An investigation of sustainable innovative strategy and customer satisfaction in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) in Nigeria. Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 13(2). https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjbss/article/view/3274
Olubiyi, T.O., Jubril, B., Sojinu, O.S., & Ngari, R. (2022d). Strengthening gender equality in small business and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), Comparative analysis of Kenya and Nigeria, Sawala Jurnal Administrasi Negara, 10(2) 168-186. https://doi.org/10.30656/sawala.v10i2.5663
Olubiyi, T. O., Adeoye, O. O., Jubril, B., Adeyemi , O. S., & Eyanuku, J. P. (2023). Measuring inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa post-pandemic: Correlation results for workplace inequalities and implication for sustainable development goal ten. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), e01405. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1405
Owoseni, O. O., Mayungbo, O. A., Olatunji, O. A., & Okunola, O. E. (2021). Will emotional intelligence predict entrepreneurial intentions?. North American Journal of Psychology, 23(1). https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2021-19385-001
Oyshi, A. H., Shanjabin, S., & Yasmin. K.S (2022). Relationship between career intention and academic performance of university students: A study based on Khulna Region, Bangladesh. International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities, 5(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v5i1.953
Paulus, A. L., & Hermanto, Y. B. (2022). The competitive advantage of furniture SMEs in East Java: The role of aggressiveness in entrepreneurship orientation. Economies, 10(6), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060139
Peng, Z., Lu, G., & Kang, H. (2013). Entrepreneurial intentions and its influencing factors: A survey of the university students in Xi’an China. Creative education, 3(08), 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.38B021
Radipere, N. S. (2013). An analysis of local and immigrant entrepreneurship in the South African small enterprise sector [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], University of South Africa.
Taiwo, W. T. (2021). "Take my card": Analyzing the business cards of Nigerian entrepreneurs in Guangzhou. Material Culture, 53(1). https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A2%3A18203042/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A150273231&crl=c
Turker, D., & Selcuk, S. S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students?. Journal of European industrial training. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910939049
Ugwu, F. O. (2022). Motivation at individual level: Implications for successful entrepreneurship in Nigeria. African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 12(1). https://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php/AJSBS/article/view/1502/1437
Veciana, J. M., Aponte, M., & Urbano, D. (2005). University students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship: A two countries comparison. The international entrepreneurship and management journal, 1(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-1127-5
Wang, C. K., & Wong, P. K. (2004). Entrepreneurial interest of university students in Singapore. Technovation, 24(2), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00016-0
Williams, T. A., Zhao, E. Y., Sonenshein, S., Ucbasaran, D., & George, G. (2021). Breaking boundaries to creatively generate value: The role of resourcefulness in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5), 106141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106141