Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to examine the role of Sharia-based personal norms (SN) in shaping Muslim Gen Z voluntourists’ re-participation intention (RI) in volunteer tourism (voluntrip), while investigating the mediating role of memorable volunteer tourism experience (MVTE).
Methodology – A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from 273 Muslim Gen Z voluntourists in West Java, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), complemented by multi-group analysis (PLS-MGA) to assess group differences based on activity orientation and participation duration.
Findings – The results reveal that SN influence both the MVTE and RI. Moreover, MVTE serves a complementary partial mediating role in the relationship between personal norms and behavioral intention. This infers that the continuation of voluntrip action hinges on how participation is experienced and remembered. In addition, this study assessed group differences in activity orientation and participation duration. However, no statistically significant differences were found, implying that Muslim Gen Z voluntourists are largely value-driven, with experiences and intentions shaped more by meaningfulness than by contextual factors.
Implications – The findings highlight memorable experiences as a partial pathway linking personal norms to sustained participation in voluntourism. Initiators and providers are encouraged to pursue the goal of maslahah by developing impactful and meaningful voluntrip designs.
Originality – This study incorporates maqasid al-Sharia on personal norms and investigates the mediating role of memorable experiences on norm activation theory, offering a novel faith-based perspective in voluntourism research and providing a deeper understanding of value-driven experience tourist behavior among Muslim Gen Z.

Keywords

Volunteer Tourism Re-Participation Intention Maqasid Al Sharia Muslim Gen Z Memorable Experience

Article Details

How to Cite
Al Syahr, S. S., Suryawardani, B., & Maulidina, A. S. (2026). Memorable volunteer trip: Unveiling the experience-mediated model from Gen Z Sharia-driven re-participation. Asian Journal of Islamic Management (AJIM), 8(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.20885/AJIM.vol8.iss1.art5

References

  1. Abreu, J., Ferreira, M. R., & Casais, B. (2021). Empowering the community or escape daily routine—a voluntourism perspective. Sustainability, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112032
  2. Alias, M. N., Abdullah, M. N., Osman, M. F., Ismail, N. F., & Kamis, M. S. (2025). The position of maqasid al-Shariah within Islamic legal sources: A comprehensive analysis. Samarah, 9(2), 937–964. https://doi.org/10.22373/q4byre51
  3. Amir, S., Astuti, W., Chandrarin, G., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2025). The role of memorable travel experiences in bridging tourist enthusiasm, interaction, and behavioral intentions in ecotourism destinations. Discover Sustainability, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01291-w
  4. Anward, R. J., Simon, H. E., & Haryanto, T. (2025). Unveiling generation Z’s travel motivations and sustainable tourism practices: A systematic literature review. JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 8(1), 38–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v8i1.2161
  5. Azkiya, N., Halimatussa’diyah, H., & Ilyas, D. (2023). Altruism in the perspective of the al-Qur’an and its relevance to philanthrophic practices in Satu Amal Indonesia Organization. Jurnal Fuaduna : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan, 7(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.30983/fuaduna.v7i1.6322
  6. Bank Mandiri. (2025). Daily economic and market | Review economic update – Perubahan preferensi wisatawan dari destinasi ke pengalaman. https://www.bankmandiri.co.id/documents/20143/0/20251013
  7. Charities Aid Foundation. (2024). Global trends in generosity world giving index 2024 inside giving. https://www.cafonline.org/insights/research/world-giving-index
  8. Chua, B. L., Meng, B., Ryu, H. B., & Han, H. (2021). Participate in volunteer tourism again? Effect of volunteering value on temporal re-participation intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.12.003
  9. Confente, I., & Scarpi, D. (2021). Achieving environmentally responsible behavior for tourists and residents: A norm activation theory perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 60(6), 1196–1212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520938875
  10. Databooks. (2023, November 9). Jawa Barat dikuasai penduduk muda, kelompok apa saja? Katadata Media Network. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/ekonomi-makro/statistik/c75628bcf2f5e9d
  11. Disdukcapil Jawa Barat. (2025). Profil perkembangan kependudukan provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2024. https://disdukcapil.jabarprov.go.id/
  12. Elsamen, A. A., Fotiadis, A., Alalwan, A. A., & Huan, T. C. (2025). Enhancing pro-environmental behavior in tourism: Integrating attitudinal factors and norm activation theory. Tourism Management, 109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2025.105155
  13. Empatika. (2024). Studi mendalam untuk memahami kerelawanan dan praktik-praktik kerelawanan di Indonesia. www.empatika.org.
  14. Ghanam, A. M. A. Al. (2024). Religiosity, empathy, and its relationship with prosocial behaviour, the mediating role of peer’s relationship. International Journal of Religion, 5(2), 256–266. https://doi.org/10.61707/z3xbh904
  15. Gonzalez-Reverte, F., Corrons, A., & Gomis-Lopez, J. M. (2025). Exploring the role of memorable tourism experiences and place attachment in the revisit intention of tourists staying in short-term rentals. Actualidad Juridica Iberoamericana, 8(11), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-05-2024-0451
  16. Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
  17. Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N., Ray, S., & St, C. (2022). Book partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
  18. Halim, A. (2022). Hermeneutika Jasser Audah: Upaya menyelesaikan problem sosial kontemporer dengan teori sistem dan maqashid al-Syariah. Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum, 7(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.22515/alahkam.v7i1.5334
  19. Hamim, K. (2023). Travel in Islam (A study of the concept of Sīrū in the Qur’an). Ulumuna, 27(2), 529–551. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v27i2.785
  20. Han, H., Lee, S., & Hyun, S. S. (2020). Tourism and altruistic intention: Volunteer tourism development and self-interested value. Sustainability, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052152
  21. Harahap, I., Habibi Siregar, M., Qarni, W., Cetin, E., & Arifin, R. (2025). Muslim-friendly tourism as the implementation of Maqasid al-Shari’ah in the perspective of the Qur’an: A systematic literature review. Al Quds Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis, 9(2), 2580–3190. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v9i2.15080
  22. Helmi, F., Nurhakim, I., & Munawar, A. (2026). Qur’anic ecotheology as environmental critique: Reinterpreting Fasad fi al-Ard in QS. Ar-Rum [30]: 41 in extractive economic practices. QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies, 5(1), 201–222. https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v5i1.15973
  23. Hendar, J. (2023). Maqashid Sharia as the basis for decision making of corporate social responsibility based on a prophetic legal paradigm. Prophetic Law Review, 5(1), 104–125). https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol5.iss1.art6
  24. Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). Testing measurement invariance of composites using partial least squares. International Marketing Review, 33. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-09-2014-0304
  25. Hoai, V., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, Q. T., & Duong, B. T. (2025). The impact of destination image on revisit intention of spiritual tourists abstract. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 14(4), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.661
  26. Javed, M. K., Tahir, M. S., Capaldo, A., Ahmad, J., Wasaya, A., Ahmed, A. U., & Chani, M. I. (2025). Shaping sustainable tourism: the influence of norms and social media rumors on tourist behavior. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-025-06240-1
  27. Jiang, L., Eck, T., & An, S. (2022). A study on the effect of emotional solidarity on memorable tourism experience and destination loyalty in volunteer tourism. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221087263
  28. Kadji, D., & Widiyanti, D. R. (2023). Volunteers’ well-being with the maqashid Shariah approach: Evidence from charitable organizations in Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam. 9(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.20885/JEKI.vol9.iss1.art5
  29. Kementrian Pariwisata, Bank Indonesia, & Kementrian PPN/Bappenas. (2025). Indonesia Tourism Outlook 2025/2026 Insight Report on The Quality Tourism in Indonesia. https://kemenpar.go.id/berita/indonesia-tourism-outlook-20252026
  30. Kim, M., Kim, H., & Kim, D. (2022). Volunteers of mega-events as co-creators of host destinations: Volunteers’ experience, value, and satisfaction toward host destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101044
  31. Kock, N. (2021). Harman’s single factor test in PLS-SEM: Checking for common method bias. In Data Analysis Perspectives Journal, 2(2). https://www.scriptwarp.com,
  32. Kusnan, Osman, M. D. H. Bin, & Khalilurrahman. (2022). Maqashid al Shariah in economic development: Theoretical review of Muhammad Umer Chapra’s thoughts. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 21(2), 583–612. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol21.iss2.art10
  33. Li, Q., Wang, Y., Shan, W., & Guan, J. (2025). Dual trust, emotional bond, and tourists’ on-site pro-environmental behavior at nature-based destinations: Extending norm-activation theory from the perspective of social dilemma. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100839
  34. Lind, H. B., Nordfjærn, T., Jørgensen, S. H., & Rundmo, T. (2015). The value-belief-norm theory, personal norms and sustainable travel mode choice in urban areas. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 44, 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.001
  35. Lintangkawuryan, Y., Gantina, D., & Rachman, A. F. (2025). Empowering coastal communities through volunteer tourism: A pathway to inclusive marine ecotourism in Bali. TRJ Tourism Research Journal, 9(2), 265. https://doi.org/10.30647/trj.v9i2.291
  36. Majid, H., & Majid, R. (2025). Key factors influencing generation Z participation in Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Islamic Management, 2025(2), 324–341. https://doi.org/10.20885/AJIM
  37. Malik, M. S. (2025). An analytical study of the Islamic concept of environmental stewardship (khilafah) in the context of climate change. Pakistan Journal of Qur’ānic Studies, 4(2), 1–22. https://journals.iub.edu.pk/index.php/pjqs/article/view/4232
  38. Manosuthi, N., Lee, J. S., & Han, H. (2020). Predicting the revisit intention of volunteer tourists using the merged model between the theory of planned behavior and norm activation model. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 37(4), 510–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1784364
  39. Marlina, E., Sukmawati, A. M., Wahyuhana, R. T., Ratriningsih, D., & Amrullah, A. (2026). Gen Z’s travel preferences: Reflective and nature-rooted tourism with the concept of eco-experiential tourism. Tourism and Hospitality, 7(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7010015
  40. Meng, B., Chua, B. L., Ryu, H. B., & Han, H. (2020). Volunteer tourism (VT) traveler behavior: merging norm activation model and theory of planned behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 1947–1969. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1778010
  41. Musa, N. M., & Mohd Zaidi, N. M. (2020). The role of maqasid Shariah and Islamic religiosity in tourism perspectives. Insight Journal, 7(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.24191/ij.v7i1.63
  42. Nanggong, A., & Mohammad, A. (2024). Does tourism experience matter in cultural tourism destinations? Predicting future tourist behavior. Asian Management and Business Review, 122–136. https://doi.org/10.20885/ambr.vol4.iss1.art8
  43. Neaman, A., Pensini, P., Zabel, S., Otto, S., Ermakov, D. S., Dovletyarova, E. A., Burnham, E., Castro, M., & Navarro-Villarroel, C. (2022). The prosocial driver of ecological behavior: The need for an integrated approach to prosocial and environmental education. Sustainability, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074202
  44. Nurcahyo, S. A., Jannah, R., & Anis, M. (2024). Maqasid Syariah management in realizing sustainable development goals: Perspective of the halal tourism industry. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry, 6, 175–192. https://doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2024.6.2.23212
  45. Oh, J., & Ki, E.-J. (2022). Extending norm activation theory to understand publics’ support for environmentally responsible organizations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 28(3), 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-03-2022-0024
  46. Oktadiana, H., & Rahman, A. F. (2025). Faith in action: sustainable travel practices among Indonesian Muslim tourists. Current Issues in Tourism. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2533526
  47. Pangaribuan, C. H., Manurung, A. H., Saroso, H., & Rusmanto, T. (2022). The personal norm-experience intention nexus: Exploring moderator effect of risk perception in voluntourism. ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications, 13(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.24507/icicelb.13.02.123
  48. Prawira, A., Ruslaini, R., Fuaddi, H., & Nasfi, N. (2025). Indonesia’s socioeconomic paradox: Generosity and poverty. UKAZ: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 2(1), 1–7. https://journal.staisni.ac.id/index.php/ukaz
  49. Silvana, N. A., & Trisnawati, J. D. (2025). The effect of voluntourist motivation on satisfaction, continued volunteering, and intention to recommend volunteering in Indonesia. Southeast Asian Journal of Service Management. https://doi.org/10.24123/seajsm.v222
  50. Sthapit, E., Bjork, P., Coudounaris, D. N., Jiménez-Barreto, J., & Vo-Thanh, T. (2024). Antecedents and outcomes of memorable volunteer tourism experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-08-2022-0386
  51. Suryawardani, B., Noermijati, Hussein, A. S., & Aisjah, S. (2023). Growing behavioral intentions for muslim-friendly tourism in Indonesia: Does Muslim tourism attributes and Muslim experiential quality matter? Proceedings of the 1st Brawijaya International Conference on Business and Law (BICoBL 2022), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-214-9_16
  52. Tiwari, A. V., Bajpai, N., & Pandey, P. K. (2023). The role of human emotions in memorable tourism experience and revisit intention. Tourism and Management Studies, 19(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2023.190102
  53. Tsaur, S. H., & Lin, Y. S. (2025). Tourist spiritual experience: A scale development and empirical study. Tourism Management Perspectives, 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2025.101394
  54. Turker, S. B., Widyastuti, K., & Astuti, N. M. E. O. (2022). Development strategy of the widhya asih orphanages program through voluntourism. The Asian Institute of Research Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 5(2), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.05.02.344
  55. Van Huynh, D., & Duong, L. H. (2025). Religious tourism: Unveiling the role of authenticity and emotional solidarity in enhancing tourists’ memorable experiences and destination loyalty. In Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management: Part F284 (pp. 15–29). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79074-4_2
  56. Wan, C. K. B., de Bont, C. J. P. M., Hekkert, P., Filep, S., & Chow, K. K. N. (2023). Journaling memorable and meaningful tourism experiences: A strengths-based approach to technology-mediated reminiscence. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 57, 61–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.08.017