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Abstract
This article analyzes the societal consequences of the news framing of the terrorist attack in the Holy Artisan Café of Bangladesh on 1st July 2016, which killed seventeen foreigners, three Bangladeshis, and two Bangladeshi police officers. Combining quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study investigated 134 news articles regarding the attack on the two prominent newspapers of Bangladesh: The Daily Star and The Prothom Alo, dated from 1 July 2016 to 1 July 2017. From a quantitative comparative framing analysis of these two newspapers, this study found that: 88.81% coverage were generically news articles, the major source (41.04%) of the news was Bangladesh Police, only 11.94% articles interpreted the reasons and political consequences of the terrorist attack, 88.16% news were descriptive, and the contextual framework of 63.43% news were episodic. The qualitative analysis found that the news coverage of the two newspapers regarding the attack had far-reaching societal consequences impacting public perceptions, government policies, security measures, and social dynamics.
[This article has been retracted by the editors due to redundant publication without proper attribution to previous sources or disclosure to the editor--based on COPE Standard]
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References
- Ap, T. (2016). Who are the terror groups jostling for influence in Bangladesh? CNN.
- Baukus, R.A., Strohm, S.M. and Greenberg, B.S. (2002). Gender differences in perceptions of media reports of the Gulf and Afghan conflicts. Communication and terrorism: Public and media responses to 9, 11, pp.275-87.
- Cohen-Almagor, R. (2005). Media Coverage of Acts of Terrorism: Troubling Episodes and Suggested Guidelines. Canadian Journal of Communication, 30(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2005v30n3a1579.
- Corman, S., and K. Dooley. (2006). Crawdad Text Analysis System 1.2. Chandler, AZ: Crawdad Technologies, LLC.
- Chong, D. and Druckman, J.N. (2007). Framing theory. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci., 10, pp.103-126.
- de Vreese, C. (2005). News framing: Theory and typology. Identifying information and tenor in texts, [online] 13(1), pp.51–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1075/idjdd.13.1.06vre.
- Entman, R.M. (1993). Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), pp.51–58.
- Fahim, J. (2023). The curious case of Flight 422: Why was the series on hijacked Kuwaiti airliner pulled? Middle East Eye.
- Falkheimer, J. and Olsson, E.-K. (2014). Depoliticizing terror: The news framing of the terrorist attacks in Norway, 22 July 2011. Media, War & Conflict, 8(1), pp.70–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635214531109.
- Gitlin, T. (1980). The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making & Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Global Terrorism Index. (2017). The Institute of Economics and Peace.
- Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Contemporary Sociology, 4(6), p.603. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2064022.
- Greenberg, B.S. (2002). Communication and terrorism: Public and media responses to 9/11. (No Title).
- Haes, J.W. (2003). September 11 in Germany and the United States: Reporting, reception, and interpretation. Crisis Communications: Lessons from September, 11, pp.125-32.
- Hasib, N.I. (2017). Holey Artisan cafe attack: Travel alerts still hurting Bangladesh. Bdnews24.com.
- Jacoby, W.G. (2000). Issue Framing and Public Opinion on Government Spending. American Journal of Political Science, 44(4), p.750. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2669279.
- Jasperson, A.E. and El-Kikhia, M.O., (2004). CNN and Al Jazeera's media coverage of America's war in Afghanistan. In Framing terrorism (pp. 113-132). Routledge.
- Lister, T., Sanchez, R., Bixler, M., O’Key, S., Hogenmiller, M. and Tawfeeq, M. (2017). ‘ISIS goes global: 143 attacks in 29 countries have killed 2,043’. CNN
- Noelle-Neumann, E. (2002). “Public Opinion Responses in Germany.” In Communication and Terrorism: Public and Media Responses to 9/11, ed. B.S. Greenberg, 205–16. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
- Papacharissi, Z. and de Fatima Oliveira, M. (2008). News Frames Terrorism: A Comparative Analysis of Frames Employed in Terrorism Coverage in U.S. and U.K. Newspapers. The International Journal of Press/Politics,13(1), pp.52- 74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161207312676.
- Rana, Md.S. (2018). The Dhaka Attack: Lessons for Bangladesh. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 23(2).
- Reese, S.D., Gandy Jr, O.H. and Grant, A.E. eds. (2001). Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world. Routledge.
- Seeger, M.W., Venette, S.J., Ulmer, R.R. and Sellnow, T.L. (2002). Media use, information seeking, and reported needs in post-crisis contexts.
- Semetko, H.A. and Valkenburg, P.M. (2000). Framing European politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News. Journal of Communication, 50(2), pp.93–109. doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x.
- Siebert, F. S., Peterson, T., & Schramm, W. (1956). Four theories of the press. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
- Tankard, J.W., Hendrickson, L., Silberman, J., Bliss, K. and Ghanem, S. (1991). Media frames: Approaches to conceptualization and measurement (Paper presented to the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Boston, Massachusetts.
- Wilkinson, P. (1997). The Media and Terrorism: A Reassessment. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(2), pp.51–64.
- Yanovitzky, I. (2002). Effects of News Coverage on Policy Attention and Actions. Communication Research, 29(4), pp.422–451. doi https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650202029004003.
References
Ap, T. (2016). Who are the terror groups jostling for influence in Bangladesh? CNN.
Baukus, R.A., Strohm, S.M. and Greenberg, B.S. (2002). Gender differences in perceptions of media reports of the Gulf and Afghan conflicts. Communication and terrorism: Public and media responses to 9, 11, pp.275-87.
Cohen-Almagor, R. (2005). Media Coverage of Acts of Terrorism: Troubling Episodes and Suggested Guidelines. Canadian Journal of Communication, 30(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2005v30n3a1579.
Corman, S., and K. Dooley. (2006). Crawdad Text Analysis System 1.2. Chandler, AZ: Crawdad Technologies, LLC.
Chong, D. and Druckman, J.N. (2007). Framing theory. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci., 10, pp.103-126.
de Vreese, C. (2005). News framing: Theory and typology. Identifying information and tenor in texts, [online] 13(1), pp.51–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1075/idjdd.13.1.06vre.
Entman, R.M. (1993). Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), pp.51–58.
Fahim, J. (2023). The curious case of Flight 422: Why was the series on hijacked Kuwaiti airliner pulled? Middle East Eye.
Falkheimer, J. and Olsson, E.-K. (2014). Depoliticizing terror: The news framing of the terrorist attacks in Norway, 22 July 2011. Media, War & Conflict, 8(1), pp.70–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635214531109.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making & Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Global Terrorism Index. (2017). The Institute of Economics and Peace.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Contemporary Sociology, 4(6), p.603. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2064022.
Greenberg, B.S. (2002). Communication and terrorism: Public and media responses to 9/11. (No Title).
Haes, J.W. (2003). September 11 in Germany and the United States: Reporting, reception, and interpretation. Crisis Communications: Lessons from September, 11, pp.125-32.
Hasib, N.I. (2017). Holey Artisan cafe attack: Travel alerts still hurting Bangladesh. Bdnews24.com.
Jacoby, W.G. (2000). Issue Framing and Public Opinion on Government Spending. American Journal of Political Science, 44(4), p.750. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2669279.
Jasperson, A.E. and El-Kikhia, M.O., (2004). CNN and Al Jazeera's media coverage of America's war in Afghanistan. In Framing terrorism (pp. 113-132). Routledge.
Lister, T., Sanchez, R., Bixler, M., O’Key, S., Hogenmiller, M. and Tawfeeq, M. (2017). ‘ISIS goes global: 143 attacks in 29 countries have killed 2,043’. CNN
Noelle-Neumann, E. (2002). “Public Opinion Responses in Germany.” In Communication and Terrorism: Public and Media Responses to 9/11, ed. B.S. Greenberg, 205–16. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Papacharissi, Z. and de Fatima Oliveira, M. (2008). News Frames Terrorism: A Comparative Analysis of Frames Employed in Terrorism Coverage in U.S. and U.K. Newspapers. The International Journal of Press/Politics,13(1), pp.52- 74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161207312676.
Rana, Md.S. (2018). The Dhaka Attack: Lessons for Bangladesh. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 23(2).
Reese, S.D., Gandy Jr, O.H. and Grant, A.E. eds. (2001). Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world. Routledge.
Seeger, M.W., Venette, S.J., Ulmer, R.R. and Sellnow, T.L. (2002). Media use, information seeking, and reported needs in post-crisis contexts.
Semetko, H.A. and Valkenburg, P.M. (2000). Framing European politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News. Journal of Communication, 50(2), pp.93–109. doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x.
Siebert, F. S., Peterson, T., & Schramm, W. (1956). Four theories of the press. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Tankard, J.W., Hendrickson, L., Silberman, J., Bliss, K. and Ghanem, S. (1991). Media frames: Approaches to conceptualization and measurement (Paper presented to the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Boston, Massachusetts.
Wilkinson, P. (1997). The Media and Terrorism: A Reassessment. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(2), pp.51–64.
Yanovitzky, I. (2002). Effects of News Coverage on Policy Attention and Actions. Communication Research, 29(4), pp.422–451. doi https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650202029004003.