Antropomorfisme dalam Karya Tafsir Salafi-Wahabi: Analisis Deskriptif Tafsir Taisir al-Karim ar-Rahman Karya Syaikh Abdurrahman as-Sa’di: Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the issue of anthropomorphism in the Salafi-Wahhabi exegetical tradition through a descriptive analysis of Taisīr al-Karīm al-Raḥmān by Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Saʿdī. Its aim is to explore the exegetical methodology, theological tendencies, and the impact of this tafsīr within contemporary Islamic scholarship. The research employs a qualitative approach based on a literature study of the primary text, complemented by a historical-critical analysis of the intellectual context as well as limited comparison with classical works on creed and tafsīr concerning al-asmāʾ wa al-ṣifāt. The findings indicate that al-Saʿdī consistently applies the principle of tafwīḍ al-kayfiyyah maʿa ithbāt al-maʿnā affirming the meaning of the attributes as conveyed in the text, denying any resemblance, and withholding judgment on the modality while avoiding takyīf (specification of modality), tamthīl (likening), and taḥrīf (distortion), and refraining from taʾwīl (figurative interpretation) unless supported by strong evidence. His arguments rely on concise linguistic analysis and pedagogical clarity, making them accessible to modern readers, while positioning al-Saʿdī at the center of the taʿṭīl–tashbīh debate and fostering acceptance across schools of thought and regions. The study concludes that al-Saʿdī’s methodology presents an orthodox yet moderate and practical model for understanding the verses of the divine attributes, one that remains relevant for the development of contemporary Qurʾānic exegesis and for theological dialogue in both academic and public spheres.

[Penelitian ini mengkaji isu antropomorfisme dalam tradisi tafsir Salafi-Wahabi melalui analisis deskriptif atas Taisir al-Karim ar-Rahman karya Syaikh ‘Abdurrahman as-Sa‘di. Tujuannya adalah menelaah metodologi penafsiran, kecenderungan teologis, dan jejak pengaruh tafsir tersebut dalam kajian keislaman kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka terhadap teks primer, dilengkapi analisis historis-kritis atas konteks intelektual serta komparasi terbatas dengan literatur akidah dan tafsir klasik terkait al-asma’ wa al-shifat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa as-Sa‘di secara konsisten menerapkan prinsip tafwidh al-kaifiyah ma‘a itsbat al-ma‘na menetapkan makna sifat sebagaimana nash, menafikan penyerupaan, serta menahan penetapan bagaimana-nya seraya menghindari takyif, tamtsil, dan tahrif, serta tidak melakukan ta’wil kecuali bila ditopang dalil yang kuat. Argumennya berbasis analisis kebahasaan yang ringkas dan pedagogis, sehingga mudah diakses pembaca modern, sekaligus memosisikan as-Sa‘di di tengah perdebatan ta‘thil–tasybih dan mendorong penerimaan lintas mazhab dan wilayah. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa metodologi as-Sa‘di menghadirkan model yang ortodoks namun moderat dan operasional untuk memahami ayat-ayat sifat, yang relevan bagi pengembangan studi tafsir kontemporer dan dialog teologis di ranah akademik maupun publik.]