Main Article Content
Abstract
Brawijaya University (UB) oneway policy issued by Malang Government (Pemerintah Kota Malang) has created conflicts with Penanggungan’s local community. This conflict seemed to be happened because there was uneffective communication local people and the government which related to the trust constructed between two parties. The aims of this research are to know, to analyze, and to describe the concept of Government and Citizen relationship in case of UB one way policy and then conclude the Penanggungan local community’s trust to Malang Government based on Public Relations model was used. This research used descriptive qualitative method and supported with qualitative content analysis. The subjects were Penanggungan local community that involved in refusal action of one way policy that chosen by snowball sampling technique and Public Relations of Pemerintah Kota Malang. The result of this research describes that the concept of Government and Citizen relationship in case of UB one way policy that are: (1) Pemerintah Kota Malang haven’t fair enough yet on the process from formulation until implementation of UB one way policy. This policy is unilateral, Malang Government made this policy without any contributions from Penanggungan local community and , (2) Malang Government and Penanggungan local community should be united and have a good terms, but the fact showed that they were apart and produced unfavorable policy. Next, Malang Government changed their Public Relations model in the process of formulation, implementation, and conflict resolution. It was symmetric model but then has shifted into asymmetric model in case of UB one way policy. Finally, Penanggungan local communitys believe that Malang Government can solve this problem wisely. But, Penanggungan local community failed to see any goodwills and initiative to solve the problem of UB one way policy.
Keywords: Communication; Public Relations model; Excellence Theory; Organizational-Public Relationship; Trust;
Article Details
References
- Butterick, K. (2012). Pengantar Public Relations : Teori dan praktik. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada.
- Davis, K. & Newstrom, J.W. (2000). Perilaku Dalam Organisasi, Edisi Ketujuh, Alih Bahasa Agus Darma. Jakarta: Erlangga.
- Goldhaber, G.M.(1993). Organizational Communication. Wm.C.Brown Publisher: Dubuque.
- Grunig, J. E. (2008). Excellence theory in public relations. In W. Donsbach, The International Encyclopedia of Communication, Volume 4 (pp. 1620-1622). Oxford, UK and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell .
- Grunig, J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing Public Relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.
- Hamzah, M. N. (2014, Oktober 15). FPKB: One way sukses urai kemacetan. Retrieved from Malang Times: http://malangtimes.com/berita/15102014/10296/fpkb-one-way-sukses-urai-kemacetan.html. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
- Hamzah, M. N. (2014b, Oktober 25). Anton mau musyawarah, selesai masalah. Retrieved from Malang Times: http://malangtimes.com/berita/25102014/13773/anton-mau-musyawarah-selesai-masalah.html. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
- Hazliansyah. (2013, Desember 3). Warga Malang kukuh tolak jalur satu arah. Retrieved from Republika: http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/jawa-timur/13/12/02/mx6h7a-warga-malang-kukuh-tolak-jalur-satu-arah. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
- Heath, R. L. (2005). Encyclopedia of Public Relations volume 1. California: Sage Publications.
- Heath, R. L., & O'Hair, H. D. (2008). Handbook of risk and crisis management. New York: Routledge.
- Hon, L. C., & Grunig, J. E. (1999). Guidelines for measuring relationships in Public Relations. US: Institute for Public Relations. Web
- Huff, L. &. Kelley. (2003). Levels of organizational trust in individualist versus collectivist societies: A seven-nation study. . Organization Science, 14(1), 81-90.
- Irvin, R. A., & Stansbury, J. (2004). Citizen participation in decision making: Is it worth the effort? Public Administration Review, 55-65.
- Kiss, G. (2013). Why should the public participate in Environmental Decision-Making? Social and Management Sciences Journal 22(1), 13-20.
- Kriyantono, R. (2006). Teknik praktis riset komunikasi: disertai contoh praktis riset media, Public Relations, advertising, komunikasi organisasi, komunikasi pemasaran . Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
- Kriyantono, R. (2012). Public Relations & Crisis Management: Critical Public Relations, Etnografi Kritis, dan Kualitatif. Jakarta: Prenada.
- Kriyantono, R. (2014). Teori Public Relations perspektif barat & lokal : aplikasi penelitian dan praktik. Jakarta: Prenada.
- Kusmayadi, & Sugiarto, E. (2000). Metode Penelitian dalam Bidang Kepariwisataan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pusataka Utama.
- Ledingham, J. A. (2000). Guidlines to building and maintaining strong organization-public relationships. Public Relations Quarterly 45(3), 44-46.
- Ledingham, J. A. (2005). Relationship management theory. In R. L. Heath, Encyclopedia of Public Relations volume 1 (pp. 740-743). California: Sage Publications.
- Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, 709-734.
- Mellewigt, T., Hoetker, G., & Weibel, A. (2006). Governing Interorganizational Relationships: Balancing Formal Governance Mechanisms and Trust. Management Revue 17(1), 5-8.
- Oktavia, H. (2013, Desember 20). Dukung jalur satu arah, ribuan warga aksi di Balaikota Malang. Retrieved from Berita Jatim: http://m.beritajatim.com/politik_pemerintahan/193106/dukung_jalur_satu_arah,_ribuan_warga_aksi_di_balaikota_malang.html#.VMjvqnvDFhY. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
- Pace, R.W dan Faules, D.F.(2010). Komunikasi Organisasi: Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya: Bandung.
- Peraturan Pemerintah. (2015, January 21). Retrieved from Universitas Sam Ratulangi: hukum.unsrat.ac.id. diakses 21 Januari 2015
- Protes satu arah, RT-RW ancam mundur. (2013, Desember 17). Radar Malang. http://radarmalang.co.id/protes-satu-arah-rt-rw-ancam-mundur-699.htm. Diakses 21 Januari 2015
- Rizky, D. (2014, September 23). Uji coba “One Way†betek selama 24 Jam, ditolak warga. Retrieved from Warta Malang: http://wartamalang.com/2014/09/uji-coba-one-way-betek-selama-24-jam-ditolak-warga/. Diakses 21 Januari 2015
- Siska. (2014, Oktober 16). Warga betek demo tolak pemberlakuan jalan satu arah selama 24 jam. Retrieved from Bakesbangpol Kota Malang: http://bakesbangpol.malangkota.go.id/2014/10/16/warga-betek-demo-tolak-pemberlakuan-jalan-satu-arah-selama-24-jam/. Diakses 21 Januari 2015
- Ulbig, S. G. (2002). Policies, procedures, and people: Sources of support for government? Social Science Quarterly 83(3), 789-809.
- Valentini, C. (2007). Global versus cultural approaches in public relationship management : The case of the European Union. Journal of Communication Management, 117-133.
References
Butterick, K. (2012). Pengantar Public Relations : Teori dan praktik. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada.
Davis, K. & Newstrom, J.W. (2000). Perilaku Dalam Organisasi, Edisi Ketujuh, Alih Bahasa Agus Darma. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Goldhaber, G.M.(1993). Organizational Communication. Wm.C.Brown Publisher: Dubuque.
Grunig, J. E. (2008). Excellence theory in public relations. In W. Donsbach, The International Encyclopedia of Communication, Volume 4 (pp. 1620-1622). Oxford, UK and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell .
Grunig, J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing Public Relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.
Hamzah, M. N. (2014, Oktober 15). FPKB: One way sukses urai kemacetan. Retrieved from Malang Times: http://malangtimes.com/berita/15102014/10296/fpkb-one-way-sukses-urai-kemacetan.html. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
Hamzah, M. N. (2014b, Oktober 25). Anton mau musyawarah, selesai masalah. Retrieved from Malang Times: http://malangtimes.com/berita/25102014/13773/anton-mau-musyawarah-selesai-masalah.html. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
Hazliansyah. (2013, Desember 3). Warga Malang kukuh tolak jalur satu arah. Retrieved from Republika: http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/jawa-timur/13/12/02/mx6h7a-warga-malang-kukuh-tolak-jalur-satu-arah. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
Heath, R. L. (2005). Encyclopedia of Public Relations volume 1. California: Sage Publications.
Heath, R. L., & O'Hair, H. D. (2008). Handbook of risk and crisis management. New York: Routledge.
Hon, L. C., & Grunig, J. E. (1999). Guidelines for measuring relationships in Public Relations. US: Institute for Public Relations. Web
Huff, L. &. Kelley. (2003). Levels of organizational trust in individualist versus collectivist societies: A seven-nation study. . Organization Science, 14(1), 81-90.
Irvin, R. A., & Stansbury, J. (2004). Citizen participation in decision making: Is it worth the effort? Public Administration Review, 55-65.
Kiss, G. (2013). Why should the public participate in Environmental Decision-Making? Social and Management Sciences Journal 22(1), 13-20.
Kriyantono, R. (2006). Teknik praktis riset komunikasi: disertai contoh praktis riset media, Public Relations, advertising, komunikasi organisasi, komunikasi pemasaran . Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Kriyantono, R. (2012). Public Relations & Crisis Management: Critical Public Relations, Etnografi Kritis, dan Kualitatif. Jakarta: Prenada.
Kriyantono, R. (2014). Teori Public Relations perspektif barat & lokal : aplikasi penelitian dan praktik. Jakarta: Prenada.
Kusmayadi, & Sugiarto, E. (2000). Metode Penelitian dalam Bidang Kepariwisataan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pusataka Utama.
Ledingham, J. A. (2000). Guidlines to building and maintaining strong organization-public relationships. Public Relations Quarterly 45(3), 44-46.
Ledingham, J. A. (2005). Relationship management theory. In R. L. Heath, Encyclopedia of Public Relations volume 1 (pp. 740-743). California: Sage Publications.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, 709-734.
Mellewigt, T., Hoetker, G., & Weibel, A. (2006). Governing Interorganizational Relationships: Balancing Formal Governance Mechanisms and Trust. Management Revue 17(1), 5-8.
Oktavia, H. (2013, Desember 20). Dukung jalur satu arah, ribuan warga aksi di Balaikota Malang. Retrieved from Berita Jatim: http://m.beritajatim.com/politik_pemerintahan/193106/dukung_jalur_satu_arah,_ribuan_warga_aksi_di_balaikota_malang.html#.VMjvqnvDFhY. Diakses 21 Januari 2015.
Pace, R.W dan Faules, D.F.(2010). Komunikasi Organisasi: Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya: Bandung.
Peraturan Pemerintah. (2015, January 21). Retrieved from Universitas Sam Ratulangi: hukum.unsrat.ac.id. diakses 21 Januari 2015
Protes satu arah, RT-RW ancam mundur. (2013, Desember 17). Radar Malang. http://radarmalang.co.id/protes-satu-arah-rt-rw-ancam-mundur-699.htm. Diakses 21 Januari 2015
Rizky, D. (2014, September 23). Uji coba “One Way†betek selama 24 Jam, ditolak warga. Retrieved from Warta Malang: http://wartamalang.com/2014/09/uji-coba-one-way-betek-selama-24-jam-ditolak-warga/. Diakses 21 Januari 2015
Siska. (2014, Oktober 16). Warga betek demo tolak pemberlakuan jalan satu arah selama 24 jam. Retrieved from Bakesbangpol Kota Malang: http://bakesbangpol.malangkota.go.id/2014/10/16/warga-betek-demo-tolak-pemberlakuan-jalan-satu-arah-selama-24-jam/. Diakses 21 Januari 2015
Ulbig, S. G. (2002). Policies, procedures, and people: Sources of support for government? Social Science Quarterly 83(3), 789-809.
Valentini, C. (2007). Global versus cultural approaches in public relationship management : The case of the European Union. Journal of Communication Management, 117-133.