Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the factors that lead to online gambling and the measures taken by police investigators to respond to the crime. This study employed empirical legal research focusing on the actual data and facts obtained from interviews with perpetrators and players of online gambling alongside the police investigators. This study revealed that various reasons exist in the commission of online gambling by the perpetrators, such as possessing desires for instant wealth, being burdened by debt, obtaining funds for a wedding, seeking enjoyment, curiosity, killing time, having no other better activities, and wanting to spend money. Based on the differential association theory, these reasons are linked to the lack of capability to serve as better human resources and bad habit as the internal factors; as well as economic motive and lack of the legal awareness of the perpetrators as the external factors. The measures taken by the police in response to the crime involves both preventive and repressive ones. The former is taken by conducting numerous campaigns in neighborhoods, schools, and other social gatherings to raise awareness, educate, and guide the community to prevent and eradicate gambling as a social disease. The latter is implemented when it has been proven that the accused perpetrator is involved in a crime, whereby they will be legally processed accordingly. In the enforcement of online gambling cases, Police has not yet applied the ITE Law but uses KUHP instead to charge the defendants. Hence, the specific regulations for handling online gambling cases have not been implemented.
Keywords: Criminal law enforcement, Differential association theory, Online gambling, Police investigator.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menyelidiki faktor-faktor penyebab perjudian online dan langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh penyelidik polisi untuk mengatasi kejahatan ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum empiris yang berfokus pada data dan fakta aktual yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan pelaku dan pemain judi online serta penyelidik polisi. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa berbagai alasan dipenuhi dalam melakukan judi online oleh para pelakunya seperti ingin cepat kaya, terbebani hutang, mencari dana untuk menikah, mencari kesenangan, rasa ingin tahu, menghabiskan waktu, tidak memiliki kegiatan lain, dan menghabiskan uang. Dari teori asosiasi diferensial, alasan-alasan ini terkait dengan kurangnya kemampuan sumber daya manusia dan kebiasaan sebagai faktor internal, serta motif ekonomi dan kurangnya kesadaran hukum pelaku sebagai faktor eksternal. Tindakan polisi melibatkan tindakan preventif dan represif untuk menangani kejahatan ini. Yang pertama diambil dengan melakukan berbagai kampanye di lingkungan, sekolah, dan pertemuan sosial lainnya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, mendidik, dan membimbing masyarakat untuk mencegah dan memberantas penyakit sosial seperti perjudian. Yang terakhir ini dilaksanakan ketika telah terbukti bahwa pelaku yang dituduh terlibat dalam kejahatan, dan mereka akan diproses secara hukum sesuai dengan itu. Dalam penegakan kasus perjudian online, Polisi belum menerapkan UU ITE melainkan menggunakan KUHP untuk menuntut para terdakwa. Oleh karena itu, peraturan khusus untuk menangani kasus perjudian online belum diterapkan.
Kata kunci: Penegakan hukum pidana, Teori asosiasi diferensial, Perjudian online, Penyidik polisi.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Alif Rifqi Subhan, Sukardi
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References
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BOWE, JESS J. “Internal and External Factors Impacting on Criminal Justice Curriculum Changes in Institutions of Higher Education.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 11, no. 1–2 (January 1987): 143–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1987.9688863.
Browne, Matthew, Philip Newall, Vijay Rawat, Catherine Tulloch, Matthew Rockloff, En Li, Nerilee Hing, Alex M. T. Russell, and Stephen Begg. The Gambling Harms Scales: Instruments to Assess Impact to Gamblers and Affected Others That Are Benchmarked to Health Utility. Aistralia: Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, 2022. https://responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au/documents/1206/RES0118_The_Gambling_Harms_Scales.pdf.
Budiman, Ramdani, Nurul Ayu Romadini, Muhammad Ardhana Herwandi Aziz, and Agasta Gumelar Pratama. “The Impact of Online Gambling Among Indonesian Teens and Technology.” IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 162–67. https://doi.org/10.34306/itsdi.v3i2.559.
Bussu, Anna, and Claudio Detotto. “The Effect of Socio-Economic and Emotional Factors on Gambling Behaviour.” CRENoS, 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235960887.
Cevy Listiyanto, Edward. “Implementation Effectiveness Of Police Role In Eradication Of Online Gaming Crime In Digital Era.” Law Development Journal 3 (2021): 362–70. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.2.362-370.
Clarke, Dave, Samson Tse, Max Abbott, Sonia Townsend, Pefi Kingi, and Wiremu Manaia. “Religion, Spirituality and Associations with Problem Gambling.” New Zealand Journal of Psychology 35, no. 2 (2006). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233995964.
Dąbrowska, Katarzyna, and Łukasz Wieczorek. “Perceived Social Stigmatisation of Gambling Disorders and Coping with Stigma.” NAD Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 279–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1455072520902342.
Egerer, Michael, and Virve Marionneau. “Blocking Measures against Offshore Online Gambling: A Scoping Review.” International Gambling Studies. Routledge, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2023.2190372.
Ghelfi, Michela, Paola Scattola, Gilberto Giudici, and Veronica Velasco. “Online Gambling: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors in the Adult Population.” Journal of Gambling Studies. Springer, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10258-3.
Griffiths, Mark D. “Online Gambling And Geolocation Technology: Implications For Regulation And Potential Threats To Player Protection.” Gaming Law Review 23, no. 5 (June 2019): 344–47. https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2019.2352.
Grollman, Chris, Laura Izod, and Sokratis Dinos. “Patterns of Play Technical Report 1: Qualitative Scoping Stage.” London, 2022. www.natcen.ac.uk.
Intel Media. “Hasil Operasi Pekat, Polresta Cirebon Ungkap Kasus Perjudian Hingga Prostitusi Online.” https://intelmedia.co.id/hasil-operasi-pekat-polresta-cirebon-ungkap-kasus-perjudian-hingga-prostitusi-online.html, April 20, 2021.
Lakoro, Aniza, Lisnawaty W Badu, and Nuvazria Achir. “Lemahnya Kepolisian Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perjudian Togel Online Di Kota Gorontalo.” Jurnal Legalitas 15, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33756/jelta.v13i01.7304.
Liao, Gen-Yih, Fan-Chen Tseng, T.C.E. Cheng, and Ching-I Teng. “Impact of Gaming Habits on Motivation to Attain Gaming Goals, Perceived Price Fairness, and Online Gamer Loyalty: Perspective of Consistency Principle.” Telematics and Informatics 49 (June 2020): 101367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101367.
Lubis, Abdul Azis. “The Phenomenon Of Online Gambling Under The Guise Of Online Games Among College Student.” JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies) 6, no. 3 (October 29, 2022): 363–67. https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v6i3.6794.
Mustaqimah, Lailatul, and Toetik Rahayuningsih. “Gambling in the Perspective of Criminal Law Policy.” Media Iuris 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v6i1.32975.
O’Brien, Martin, and Majid Yar. Criminology the Key Concepts. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Priasmoro, Rito. “Peran Kepolisian Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perjudian Koprok (Studi Kasus Di Wilayah Hukum Polres Metro).” Universitas Lampung, 2016.
Putri Asti. “Digerebek Polisi Di Ciledug Cirebon, Omzet Capai Rp30 Juta Sehari.” https://style.tribunnews.com/2024/04/26/penampakan-markas-judi-togel-digerebek-polisi-di-ciledug-cirebon-omzet-capai-rp30-juta-sehari, April 26, 2024.
Sagoe, Dominic, Ståle Pallesen, Daniel Hanss, Tony Leino, Helge Molde, Rune A. Mentzoni, and Torbjørn Torsheim. “The Relationships between Mental Health Symptoms and Gambling Behavior in the Transition from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood.” Frontiers in Psychology 8, no. MAR (March 31, 2017). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00478.
Shuai, Honglan, and Jianhong Liu. “The Relationship between Criminology and Criminal Law: Implications for Developing Chinese Criminology.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01851-3.
Siregar, Syawal Amry, Gomgom T.P. Siregar, and Muhammad Ansori Lubis. “Criminological Perspective of Street Crime.” Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 6 (2020): 603–11. https://doi.org/10.5373/JARDCS/V12I6/S20201069.
Sirola, Anu, Markus Kaakinen, Iina Savolainen, and Atte Oksanen. “Loneliness and Online Gambling-Community Participation of Young Social Media Users.” Computers in Human Behavior 95 (June 2019): 136–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.023.
Sudaryono. Kejahatan Ekonomi. Surakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhamadiyah Surakarta, 2018.
Suissa, Amon Jacob. “A Sociohistorical Analysis.” In In the Pursuit of Winning: Problem Gambling Theory, Research and Treatment. New York: Springer, 2008.
Syani, Abdul. Sosiologi Kriminalitas. Bandung: Remaja Karya, 1957.
Törrönen, Jukka, Eva Samuelsson, and Malin Gunnarsson. “Online Gambling Venues as Relational Actors in Addiction: Applying the Actor-Network Approach to Life Stories of Online Gamblers.” International Journal of Drug Policy 85 (November 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102928.
Utari, Sri. Aliran Dan Teori Dalam Kriminologi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Thafa Media, 2012.
Wetson. R., Andri. “Law Enforcement Obstacle Against Online Gambling at Lampung Regional Police.” Ius Poenale 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 123–36. https://doi.org/10.25041/ip.v2i2.2232.
References
Adamkovič, Matúš, and Marcel Martončik. “A Review of Consequences of Poverty on Economic Decision-Making: A Hypothesized Model of a Cognitive Mechanism.” Frontiers in Psychology. Frontiers Media S.A., October 11, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01784.
Antipov, Alexey Nikolaevich. “Criminal Law as the Main Means of Combating Crime.” In Proceedings of the VII International Scientific-Practical Conference “Criminal Law and Operative Search Activities: Problems of Legislation, Science and Practice” (CLOSA 2021), 169–75. Scitepress, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010633000003152.
BOWE, JESS J. “Internal and External Factors Impacting on Criminal Justice Curriculum Changes in Institutions of Higher Education.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 11, no. 1–2 (January 1987): 143–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1987.9688863.
Browne, Matthew, Philip Newall, Vijay Rawat, Catherine Tulloch, Matthew Rockloff, En Li, Nerilee Hing, Alex M. T. Russell, and Stephen Begg. The Gambling Harms Scales: Instruments to Assess Impact to Gamblers and Affected Others That Are Benchmarked to Health Utility. Aistralia: Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, 2022. https://responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au/documents/1206/RES0118_The_Gambling_Harms_Scales.pdf.
Budiman, Ramdani, Nurul Ayu Romadini, Muhammad Ardhana Herwandi Aziz, and Agasta Gumelar Pratama. “The Impact of Online Gambling Among Indonesian Teens and Technology.” IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 162–67. https://doi.org/10.34306/itsdi.v3i2.559.
Bussu, Anna, and Claudio Detotto. “The Effect of Socio-Economic and Emotional Factors on Gambling Behaviour.” CRENoS, 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235960887.
Cevy Listiyanto, Edward. “Implementation Effectiveness Of Police Role In Eradication Of Online Gaming Crime In Digital Era.” Law Development Journal 3 (2021): 362–70. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.2.362-370.
Clarke, Dave, Samson Tse, Max Abbott, Sonia Townsend, Pefi Kingi, and Wiremu Manaia. “Religion, Spirituality and Associations with Problem Gambling.” New Zealand Journal of Psychology 35, no. 2 (2006). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233995964.
Dąbrowska, Katarzyna, and Łukasz Wieczorek. “Perceived Social Stigmatisation of Gambling Disorders and Coping with Stigma.” NAD Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 279–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1455072520902342.
Egerer, Michael, and Virve Marionneau. “Blocking Measures against Offshore Online Gambling: A Scoping Review.” International Gambling Studies. Routledge, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2023.2190372.
Ghelfi, Michela, Paola Scattola, Gilberto Giudici, and Veronica Velasco. “Online Gambling: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors in the Adult Population.” Journal of Gambling Studies. Springer, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10258-3.
Griffiths, Mark D. “Online Gambling And Geolocation Technology: Implications For Regulation And Potential Threats To Player Protection.” Gaming Law Review 23, no. 5 (June 2019): 344–47. https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2019.2352.
Grollman, Chris, Laura Izod, and Sokratis Dinos. “Patterns of Play Technical Report 1: Qualitative Scoping Stage.” London, 2022. www.natcen.ac.uk.
Intel Media. “Hasil Operasi Pekat, Polresta Cirebon Ungkap Kasus Perjudian Hingga Prostitusi Online.” https://intelmedia.co.id/hasil-operasi-pekat-polresta-cirebon-ungkap-kasus-perjudian-hingga-prostitusi-online.html, April 20, 2021.
Lakoro, Aniza, Lisnawaty W Badu, and Nuvazria Achir. “Lemahnya Kepolisian Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perjudian Togel Online Di Kota Gorontalo.” Jurnal Legalitas 15, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33756/jelta.v13i01.7304.
Liao, Gen-Yih, Fan-Chen Tseng, T.C.E. Cheng, and Ching-I Teng. “Impact of Gaming Habits on Motivation to Attain Gaming Goals, Perceived Price Fairness, and Online Gamer Loyalty: Perspective of Consistency Principle.” Telematics and Informatics 49 (June 2020): 101367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101367.
Lubis, Abdul Azis. “The Phenomenon Of Online Gambling Under The Guise Of Online Games Among College Student.” JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies) 6, no. 3 (October 29, 2022): 363–67. https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v6i3.6794.
Mustaqimah, Lailatul, and Toetik Rahayuningsih. “Gambling in the Perspective of Criminal Law Policy.” Media Iuris 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v6i1.32975.
O’Brien, Martin, and Majid Yar. Criminology the Key Concepts. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Priasmoro, Rito. “Peran Kepolisian Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perjudian Koprok (Studi Kasus Di Wilayah Hukum Polres Metro).” Universitas Lampung, 2016.
Putri Asti. “Digerebek Polisi Di Ciledug Cirebon, Omzet Capai Rp30 Juta Sehari.” https://style.tribunnews.com/2024/04/26/penampakan-markas-judi-togel-digerebek-polisi-di-ciledug-cirebon-omzet-capai-rp30-juta-sehari, April 26, 2024.
Sagoe, Dominic, Ståle Pallesen, Daniel Hanss, Tony Leino, Helge Molde, Rune A. Mentzoni, and Torbjørn Torsheim. “The Relationships between Mental Health Symptoms and Gambling Behavior in the Transition from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood.” Frontiers in Psychology 8, no. MAR (March 31, 2017). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00478.
Shuai, Honglan, and Jianhong Liu. “The Relationship between Criminology and Criminal Law: Implications for Developing Chinese Criminology.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01851-3.
Siregar, Syawal Amry, Gomgom T.P. Siregar, and Muhammad Ansori Lubis. “Criminological Perspective of Street Crime.” Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 6 (2020): 603–11. https://doi.org/10.5373/JARDCS/V12I6/S20201069.
Sirola, Anu, Markus Kaakinen, Iina Savolainen, and Atte Oksanen. “Loneliness and Online Gambling-Community Participation of Young Social Media Users.” Computers in Human Behavior 95 (June 2019): 136–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.023.
Sudaryono. Kejahatan Ekonomi. Surakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhamadiyah Surakarta, 2018.
Suissa, Amon Jacob. “A Sociohistorical Analysis.” In In the Pursuit of Winning: Problem Gambling Theory, Research and Treatment. New York: Springer, 2008.
Syani, Abdul. Sosiologi Kriminalitas. Bandung: Remaja Karya, 1957.
Törrönen, Jukka, Eva Samuelsson, and Malin Gunnarsson. “Online Gambling Venues as Relational Actors in Addiction: Applying the Actor-Network Approach to Life Stories of Online Gamblers.” International Journal of Drug Policy 85 (November 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102928.
Utari, Sri. Aliran Dan Teori Dalam Kriminologi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Thafa Media, 2012.
Wetson. R., Andri. “Law Enforcement Obstacle Against Online Gambling at Lampung Regional Police.” Ius Poenale 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 123–36. https://doi.org/10.25041/ip.v2i2.2232.