Main Article Content
Abstract
Plea bargaining system is a procedure of bargaining for punishment between the prosecutor and the suspect or defendant on the basis of an admission of guilt from the latter party. This system leads to recovering the assets due to the lengthy period for asset confiscation process. This study aims to investigate the urgency of the plea bargaining system to be applied in confiscating the assets of perpetrators of corruption and the idea of its application in criminal procedural law in Indonesia. This is a doctrinal legal research focusing on the use of the statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that plea bargaining system serves the values of justice and increase the effectiveness of the performance of judges and courts. The goal is to prevent more expenses and to be much less time consuming. Confiscation of assets in plea bargain can be carried out by using the bargaining of facts with confiscation of assets of the criminal confiscation (conviction) with an admission of guilt from the perpetrator to be able to negotiate the said assets. The said type is meant to reduce the facts regarding the assets that will be confiscated, thus the facts that have been presented by the prosecutor do not need to be presented at trial. In the future, the reform of the criminal case settlement process needs to be paid more attention to so that it focuses on recovering the assets from perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption.
Keywords: Asset confiscation, Plea bargaining system, Corruption.
Abstrak
Sistem plea bargaining adalah prosedur tawar-menawar untuk hukuman antara jaksa dan tersangka atau terdakwa atas dasar pengakuan bersalah dari pihak yang terakhir. Sistem ini mengarah pada pemulihan aset karena jangka waktu yang panjang untuk proses penyitaan aset. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki urgensi penerapan plea bargaining system dalam penyitaan aset pelaku korupsi dan gagasan penerapannya dalam hukum acara pidana di Indonesia. Ini adalah penelitian hukum doktrinal yang berfokus pada penggunaan pendekatan hukum, konseptual, dan komparatif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sistem plea bargaining melayani nilai-nilai keadilan dan meningkatkan efektivitas kinerja hakim dan pengadilan. Tujuannya adalah untuk mencegah lebih banyak biaya dan menjadi jauh lebih sedikit memakan waktu. Penyitaan aset dalam plea bargain dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan tawar-menawar fakta dengan penyitaan aset pelaku pidana penyitaan (vonis) dengan pengakuan bersalah dari pelaku untuk dapat menegosiasikan aset tersebut. Jenis tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi fakta bahwa ada harta yang nantinya akan disita, sehingga fakta yang telah disampaikan oleh jaksa tidak perlu disampaikan di persidangan. Ke depan, reformasi proses penyelesaian perkara pidana perlu lebih diperhatikan sehingga berfokus pada pengembalian aset dari pelaku tindak pidana korupsi.
Kata kunci: Penyitaan aset, sistem plea bargaining, Korupsi.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 M. Hilmi Miftahzaen Reza, Mahrus Ali, Ribut Baidi
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References
Aby Maulana. “Tinjauan Konsep Pengakuan Bersalah Terdakwa Pada ‘Jalur Khusus’ Dalam Pembaruan Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia (Analisis Terhadap Konsep ‘Jalur Khusus’ Pada Pasal 199 Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana).” Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, 2014.
Agaba James Atta. Practical Approach to Criminal Litigation in Nigeria. Nigeria: Bloom Legal Temple, 2015.
Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen, Anne Oyenmwosa Odojor, and Patience Omohoste Agbale. “The Legal Impact of Plea Bargain in Settlement of High Profile Financial Criminal Cases in Nigeria.” Sriwijaya Law Review 5, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 161. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol5.Iss2.852.pp161-174.
Ali, Mahrus. “Penegakan Hukum Pidana Yang Optimal (Perspektif Analisis Ekonomi Atas Hukum).” Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 15, no. 2 (2007): 223–38. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol15.iss2.art6.
Azizah. “Sebanyak 28.522 Perkara Masuk Ke Mahkamah Agung Di Tahun 2022.” https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/id/berita/5594/sebanyak-28522-perkara-masuk-ke-mahkamah-agung-di-tahun-2022, 2023.
Berk, Richard, Hoda Heidari, Shahin Jabbari, Michael Kearns, and Aaron Roth. “Fairness in Criminal Justice Risk Assessments: The State of the Art,” 2017. http://crim.upenn.edu.
Bolifaar, Andhy H. “Access To Justice Of Plea Bargaining In Addressing The Challenge Of Tax Crime In Indonesia.” Scientium Law Review (SLR) 1, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.56282/slr.v1i1.52.
Ezeh, Matthew. “Plea Bargaining in Nigeria: Legal Safeguards Against Abuse.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3469724.
Faisal, Fitriah, Amir Faisal, and Endah Widyastuti. “Pengaruh Metode Economic Analysis of Law Dalam Perkembangan Kebijakan Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Economic Analysis of Law Method and Its Effect on the Development of Prevention Policy of Money Laundering” 6 (2022): 82–92. http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/holrev/.
Febby Mutiara Nelson. Plea Bargaining & Deferred Prosecution Agreement Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi. 1st ed. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019.
Givati, Yehonatan, Harvard Law School, Alberto Alesina, Nuno Garoupa, Louis Kaplow, Steven Shavell, Andrei Shleifer, Holger Spamann, Matthew Stephenson, and William Stuntz. “The Comparative Law and Economics Of Plea Bargaining: Theory and Evidence,” 2011. http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/olin_center/.
Halawa, Sitti Thrde, Ahmad Fauzi, and Alpi Sahari. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Terdakwa Dalam Proses Persidangan Perkara Kekerasan Fisik Yang Dilakukan Suami Dalam Rumah Tangga (Studi Putusan Nomor 2293/Pid.Sus/2021/Pn Mdn).” Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 241. https://doi.org/10.33087/legalitas.v14i2.345.
Hermawati, Rifi. “Studi Perbandingan Hukum ‘Plea Bargaining System’ Di Amerika Serikat Dengan ‘Jalur Khusus’ Di Indonesia Law Comparative Study Of ‘Plea Bargaining System’ In The United States With ‘Special Lane’ In Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol. 4, 2023. https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/.
Khoirun Nisa, Intan, Abdul Madjid, Setiawan Noerdajasakti, and Corresponding Author. “Relation Between Plea of Guilty and Defendants Right in RUU KUHAP (An Overview Through ‘Jalur Khusus’ System),” n.d. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2023.v12.i0.
Latifah, Marfuatul. “The Urgency of Assets Recovery Act In Indonesia,” n.d. http://www.ppatk.go.id/.
M. Yahya Harahap. Beberapa Tinjauan Mengenai Sistem Peradilan Dan Penyelesaian Sengketa. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1997.
Mansur, Dikdik M. Arief, and Elisatris Gultom. Urgensi Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan: Antara Norma Dan Realita. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008.
Muhammad Yasin. “Penghentian Penuntutan Demi Restorative Justice Perlu Masuk RUU Kejaksaan.” https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/penghentian-penuntutan-demi-irestorative-justice-i-perlu-masuk-ruu-kejaksaan-lt5f90e1d9d0e8f/, 2020.
Nandang Herawan, Wahyu, and Natalia Sihotang. “Adoption of the Plea Bargaining Concept to Improve Judicial Efficiency during the Covid-19 Outbreak.” Natalia Sihotang Adoption of the Plea Bargaining Concept Law Research Review Quarterly 7, no. 2 (n.d.): 135–52. https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v7i2.46174.
Nasution, Muhammad Fadli. “Return of Assets of the Criminal Action of Corruption and Some Problems in the Implementation.” In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Business Law and Local Wisdom in Tourism (ICBLT 2022), 758–69. Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-93-0_88.
Nicholson A. Okwori. “Plea Bargaining: A Trial Procedure That Negates Fundamental Rights of the Accused Person. Plea Bargaining: A Trial Procedure That Negates Fundamental Rights of the Accused Person,” 2010. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1629255.
Ristamana, Yoga, Umar Ma’rud, and Sugiharto Sugiharto. “The Forfeiture of the Convict’s Assets Obtained from the Corruption Crime” 4 (2022): 298–306. http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php.
Shidarta. “Putusan Hakim: Antara Keadilan, Kepastian Hukum, Dan Kemanfaatan.” In Reformasi Peradilan Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara. Jakarta: Komisi Yudisial, 2010.
Subramanian, Ram, Léon Digard, Melvin Washington Ii, and Stephanie Sorage. “In the Shadows: A Review of the Research on Plea Bargaining,” 2020.
Turner, Jenia I. “Plea Bargaining,” n.d. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/05/29/national/crime-legal/critics-hit-japans-.
Wex Definitions Team. “Plea Bargain.” https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/plea_bargain, January 2024.
Widianto, Monisti Sri, Indriati Amarini, and Ika Ariani Kartini. “PLEA BARGAINING IN REALIZING EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS.” UMPurwokerto Law Review 1, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 17. https://doi.org/10.30595/umplr.v1i1.8051.
Zikry, Ichsan “Gagasan Plea Bargaining System Dalam RKUHAP Dan Penerapan Di Berbagai Negara,” n.d.
References
Aby Maulana. “Tinjauan Konsep Pengakuan Bersalah Terdakwa Pada ‘Jalur Khusus’ Dalam Pembaruan Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia (Analisis Terhadap Konsep ‘Jalur Khusus’ Pada Pasal 199 Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana).” Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, 2014.
Agaba James Atta. Practical Approach to Criminal Litigation in Nigeria. Nigeria: Bloom Legal Temple, 2015.
Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen, Anne Oyenmwosa Odojor, and Patience Omohoste Agbale. “The Legal Impact of Plea Bargain in Settlement of High Profile Financial Criminal Cases in Nigeria.” Sriwijaya Law Review 5, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 161. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol5.Iss2.852.pp161-174.
Ali, Mahrus. “Penegakan Hukum Pidana Yang Optimal (Perspektif Analisis Ekonomi Atas Hukum).” Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 15, no. 2 (2007): 223–38. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol15.iss2.art6.
Azizah. “Sebanyak 28.522 Perkara Masuk Ke Mahkamah Agung Di Tahun 2022.” https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/id/berita/5594/sebanyak-28522-perkara-masuk-ke-mahkamah-agung-di-tahun-2022, 2023.
Berk, Richard, Hoda Heidari, Shahin Jabbari, Michael Kearns, and Aaron Roth. “Fairness in Criminal Justice Risk Assessments: The State of the Art,” 2017. http://crim.upenn.edu.
Bolifaar, Andhy H. “Access To Justice Of Plea Bargaining In Addressing The Challenge Of Tax Crime In Indonesia.” Scientium Law Review (SLR) 1, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.56282/slr.v1i1.52.
Ezeh, Matthew. “Plea Bargaining in Nigeria: Legal Safeguards Against Abuse.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3469724.
Faisal, Fitriah, Amir Faisal, and Endah Widyastuti. “Pengaruh Metode Economic Analysis of Law Dalam Perkembangan Kebijakan Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Economic Analysis of Law Method and Its Effect on the Development of Prevention Policy of Money Laundering” 6 (2022): 82–92. http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/holrev/.
Febby Mutiara Nelson. Plea Bargaining & Deferred Prosecution Agreement Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi. 1st ed. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019.
Givati, Yehonatan, Harvard Law School, Alberto Alesina, Nuno Garoupa, Louis Kaplow, Steven Shavell, Andrei Shleifer, Holger Spamann, Matthew Stephenson, and William Stuntz. “The Comparative Law and Economics Of Plea Bargaining: Theory and Evidence,” 2011. http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/olin_center/.
Halawa, Sitti Thrde, Ahmad Fauzi, and Alpi Sahari. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Terdakwa Dalam Proses Persidangan Perkara Kekerasan Fisik Yang Dilakukan Suami Dalam Rumah Tangga (Studi Putusan Nomor 2293/Pid.Sus/2021/Pn Mdn).” Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 241. https://doi.org/10.33087/legalitas.v14i2.345.
Hermawati, Rifi. “Studi Perbandingan Hukum ‘Plea Bargaining System’ Di Amerika Serikat Dengan ‘Jalur Khusus’ Di Indonesia Law Comparative Study Of ‘Plea Bargaining System’ In The United States With ‘Special Lane’ In Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol. 4, 2023. https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/.
Khoirun Nisa, Intan, Abdul Madjid, Setiawan Noerdajasakti, and Corresponding Author. “Relation Between Plea of Guilty and Defendants Right in RUU KUHAP (An Overview Through ‘Jalur Khusus’ System),” n.d. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2023.v12.i0.
Latifah, Marfuatul. “The Urgency of Assets Recovery Act In Indonesia,” n.d. http://www.ppatk.go.id/.
M. Yahya Harahap. Beberapa Tinjauan Mengenai Sistem Peradilan Dan Penyelesaian Sengketa. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1997.
Mansur, Dikdik M. Arief, and Elisatris Gultom. Urgensi Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan: Antara Norma Dan Realita. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008.
Muhammad Yasin. “Penghentian Penuntutan Demi Restorative Justice Perlu Masuk RUU Kejaksaan.” https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/penghentian-penuntutan-demi-irestorative-justice-i-perlu-masuk-ruu-kejaksaan-lt5f90e1d9d0e8f/, 2020.
Nandang Herawan, Wahyu, and Natalia Sihotang. “Adoption of the Plea Bargaining Concept to Improve Judicial Efficiency during the Covid-19 Outbreak.” Natalia Sihotang Adoption of the Plea Bargaining Concept Law Research Review Quarterly 7, no. 2 (n.d.): 135–52. https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v7i2.46174.
Nasution, Muhammad Fadli. “Return of Assets of the Criminal Action of Corruption and Some Problems in the Implementation.” In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Business Law and Local Wisdom in Tourism (ICBLT 2022), 758–69. Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-93-0_88.
Nicholson A. Okwori. “Plea Bargaining: A Trial Procedure That Negates Fundamental Rights of the Accused Person. Plea Bargaining: A Trial Procedure That Negates Fundamental Rights of the Accused Person,” 2010. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1629255.
Ristamana, Yoga, Umar Ma’rud, and Sugiharto Sugiharto. “The Forfeiture of the Convict’s Assets Obtained from the Corruption Crime” 4 (2022): 298–306. http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php.
Shidarta. “Putusan Hakim: Antara Keadilan, Kepastian Hukum, Dan Kemanfaatan.” In Reformasi Peradilan Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara. Jakarta: Komisi Yudisial, 2010.
Subramanian, Ram, Léon Digard, Melvin Washington Ii, and Stephanie Sorage. “In the Shadows: A Review of the Research on Plea Bargaining,” 2020.
Turner, Jenia I. “Plea Bargaining,” n.d. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/05/29/national/crime-legal/critics-hit-japans-.
Wex Definitions Team. “Plea Bargain.” https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/plea_bargain, January 2024.
Widianto, Monisti Sri, Indriati Amarini, and Ika Ariani Kartini. “PLEA BARGAINING IN REALIZING EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS.” UMPurwokerto Law Review 1, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 17. https://doi.org/10.30595/umplr.v1i1.8051.
Zikry, Ichsan “Gagasan Plea Bargaining System Dalam RKUHAP Dan Penerapan Di Berbagai Negara,” n.d.