Main Article Content
Abstract
Extraction of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) using Ultrasonic Cleaner has been performed. Papaya leaves were extracted for 6 hours in a methanol as solvent. The results of phytochemical screening showed that methanol extract contained secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, tepenoid, saponin, and phenolic classes. Methanol extract was then partitioned liquid-liquid with n-hexane. Quantitative analysis of partitioning of n-hexane using papaya leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence of neophytadiene (1.59%), palmitic acid (1.35%) and methyl linolenate (3.33%). The results showed that Ultrasonic Cleaner can be used to ultrasonic-assisted extraction of natural products especially for papaya leaves.
Keywords
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Ahmad, N., Fazal, H., Ayaz, M. Abbasi, B.H., Mohammad, I., dan Fazal, L., 2011, Dengue Fever Treatment with Carica papaya Leaves Extracts, Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 1(4): 330–333.
- Akhila, S.dan Vijayalakshmi, N.G., 2015, Phytochemical Studies on Carica papaya Leaf Juice, Int J Pharm Sci Res. 6(2): 880-883.
- Atun, S., 2014, Metode Isolasi dan Identifikasi Struktur Senyawa Organik Bahan Alam, Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya Borobudur 8(2): 53-61.
- Ayoola, G.A., Coker, H.A.B., Adesegun, S.A., Adepoju-Bello, A.A., Obaweya, K., Ezennia, E.C., Atangbayila, T.O., 2008, Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Some Selected Medicinal Plants Used for Malaria Therapy in Southwestern Nigeria, Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 7 (3): 1019-1024.
- Ayoola, P.B. dan Adeyeye, A, 2010, Phytochemical and Nutrient Evaluation of Carica papaya (Pawpaw) Leaves, IJRRAS 5 (3): 325:28.
- Chemat, F., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., Vian. M.A., dan Allaf, T., 2015, Solvent-free Extraction of Food and Natural Products, Trends Analyt. Chem. 71: 157-168.
- Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A-G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixer, A.S., Albert-Vian, M., Pal, M. and Chandrashekar, K., 2017, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Food and Natural Products Mechanisms, Techniques, Combinations, Protocols and Applications: A Review, Ultrason. Sonochem. 3: 540-560.
- Cragg., G.M. dan Newman, D.J., 2013, Natural Products: A Continuing Source of Novel Drug Leads, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1830: 3670-3695.
- Jiménez, V.M., Mora-Newcomer, E., dan Gutiérrez-Soto, M.V., 2013, Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, Chapter 2: Biology of the Papaya Plant, Volume 10, Berlin: Springer.
- Julianti, T., Oufir, M., dan Hamburger, M., 2014, Quantification of the Antiplasmodial Alkaloid Carpaine in Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaves, Planta Med. 80: 1138-1142.
- Kuddus, M., Arif, J.M., Ali, A., Kausar, M.A., Shahid, SMA, Parveen, K, dan Siddiqui, W.A., 2016, Chemical Fingerprinting of Bioactive Compounds of Carica papaya Linn (Indian Variety) Seed Oil, Biochem. Cell. Arch. 16(1): 9-20.
- Luo, Y, Cobb, R.E., dan Zhao, H., 2014, Recent Advances in Natural Product Discovery, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 30: 230-237.
- Maisarah, A.M., Amira, N.B., Asmah, R., dan Fauziah, O., 2013, Antioxidant Analysis of Different Parts of Carica papaya, International Food Research Journal 20(3): 1043-1048.
- Marfo, E.K., Oke, O.L., dan Afolabi, O.A., 1986, Chemical Composition of Papaya (Carica papaya) Seeds, Food Chemistry 22: 259-266.
- Nugroho, A., Heryani, H., Choi, J.S., dan Park, H.J., 2017, Identification and Quantification of Flavonoids in Carica papaya Leaf and Peroxynitritescavenging Activity, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 7(3): 208–213.
- Otsuki, N., Dang, N.H., Kumagai, E., Kondoc, A., Iwataa, S., dan Morimotoa, C., 2010, Aqueous Extract of Carica papaya Leaves Exhibits Anti-Tumor Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects, J. Ethnopharmacol.127: 760–767.
- Ozawwa, R., Shiojiri, K, Sabelis, M.W., dan Takabayashi, J., 2008, Maize Plants Sprayed with Either Jasmonic Acid or Its Precursor, Methyl Linolenate, Attract Armyworm Parasitoids, But the Composition of Attractants Differs, Entomol Exp Appl. 129: 189-199.
- Ragasa, C.Y., Tsai, P.W., dan Shen, C.C., 2009, Antimicrobial Terpenoids from Erigenon sumatrensis, NRCP Research Journal 10(1): 27-32.
- Sari, D.K., Wardhani, D.H., Prasetyaningrum, A., 2013, Kajian Isolasi Senyawa Fenolik Rumput Laut Eucema Cottonii Berbantu Gelombang Micro dengan Variasi Suhu dan Waktu, Jurnal Teknik Kimia 19(3): 38-43.
- Vuong, Q.V., Hiruna, S., Roacha, P.D., Bowyer , M.C., Phillips, P.A., Scarlett, C.J., 2013, Effect of Extraction Conditions on Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Carica papaya Leaf Aqueous Extracts, J Herb Med. 3: 104–111.
- Wu., J., Lin, L., dan Chau, F., 2001, Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Ginseng Saponins from Ginseng Roots and Cultured Ginseng Cells, Ultrason. Sonochem. 8: 347-352.
References
Ahmad, N., Fazal, H., Ayaz, M. Abbasi, B.H., Mohammad, I., dan Fazal, L., 2011, Dengue Fever Treatment with Carica papaya Leaves Extracts, Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 1(4): 330–333.
Akhila, S.dan Vijayalakshmi, N.G., 2015, Phytochemical Studies on Carica papaya Leaf Juice, Int J Pharm Sci Res. 6(2): 880-883.
Atun, S., 2014, Metode Isolasi dan Identifikasi Struktur Senyawa Organik Bahan Alam, Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya Borobudur 8(2): 53-61.
Ayoola, G.A., Coker, H.A.B., Adesegun, S.A., Adepoju-Bello, A.A., Obaweya, K., Ezennia, E.C., Atangbayila, T.O., 2008, Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Some Selected Medicinal Plants Used for Malaria Therapy in Southwestern Nigeria, Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 7 (3): 1019-1024.
Ayoola, P.B. dan Adeyeye, A, 2010, Phytochemical and Nutrient Evaluation of Carica papaya (Pawpaw) Leaves, IJRRAS 5 (3): 325:28.
Chemat, F., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., Vian. M.A., dan Allaf, T., 2015, Solvent-free Extraction of Food and Natural Products, Trends Analyt. Chem. 71: 157-168.
Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A-G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixer, A.S., Albert-Vian, M., Pal, M. and Chandrashekar, K., 2017, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Food and Natural Products Mechanisms, Techniques, Combinations, Protocols and Applications: A Review, Ultrason. Sonochem. 3: 540-560.
Cragg., G.M. dan Newman, D.J., 2013, Natural Products: A Continuing Source of Novel Drug Leads, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1830: 3670-3695.
Jiménez, V.M., Mora-Newcomer, E., dan Gutiérrez-Soto, M.V., 2013, Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, Chapter 2: Biology of the Papaya Plant, Volume 10, Berlin: Springer.
Julianti, T., Oufir, M., dan Hamburger, M., 2014, Quantification of the Antiplasmodial Alkaloid Carpaine in Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaves, Planta Med. 80: 1138-1142.
Kuddus, M., Arif, J.M., Ali, A., Kausar, M.A., Shahid, SMA, Parveen, K, dan Siddiqui, W.A., 2016, Chemical Fingerprinting of Bioactive Compounds of Carica papaya Linn (Indian Variety) Seed Oil, Biochem. Cell. Arch. 16(1): 9-20.
Luo, Y, Cobb, R.E., dan Zhao, H., 2014, Recent Advances in Natural Product Discovery, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 30: 230-237.
Maisarah, A.M., Amira, N.B., Asmah, R., dan Fauziah, O., 2013, Antioxidant Analysis of Different Parts of Carica papaya, International Food Research Journal 20(3): 1043-1048.
Marfo, E.K., Oke, O.L., dan Afolabi, O.A., 1986, Chemical Composition of Papaya (Carica papaya) Seeds, Food Chemistry 22: 259-266.
Nugroho, A., Heryani, H., Choi, J.S., dan Park, H.J., 2017, Identification and Quantification of Flavonoids in Carica papaya Leaf and Peroxynitritescavenging Activity, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 7(3): 208–213.
Otsuki, N., Dang, N.H., Kumagai, E., Kondoc, A., Iwataa, S., dan Morimotoa, C., 2010, Aqueous Extract of Carica papaya Leaves Exhibits Anti-Tumor Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects, J. Ethnopharmacol.127: 760–767.
Ozawwa, R., Shiojiri, K, Sabelis, M.W., dan Takabayashi, J., 2008, Maize Plants Sprayed with Either Jasmonic Acid or Its Precursor, Methyl Linolenate, Attract Armyworm Parasitoids, But the Composition of Attractants Differs, Entomol Exp Appl. 129: 189-199.
Ragasa, C.Y., Tsai, P.W., dan Shen, C.C., 2009, Antimicrobial Terpenoids from Erigenon sumatrensis, NRCP Research Journal 10(1): 27-32.
Sari, D.K., Wardhani, D.H., Prasetyaningrum, A., 2013, Kajian Isolasi Senyawa Fenolik Rumput Laut Eucema Cottonii Berbantu Gelombang Micro dengan Variasi Suhu dan Waktu, Jurnal Teknik Kimia 19(3): 38-43.
Vuong, Q.V., Hiruna, S., Roacha, P.D., Bowyer , M.C., Phillips, P.A., Scarlett, C.J., 2013, Effect of Extraction Conditions on Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Carica papaya Leaf Aqueous Extracts, J Herb Med. 3: 104–111.
Wu., J., Lin, L., dan Chau, F., 2001, Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Ginseng Saponins from Ginseng Roots and Cultured Ginseng Cells, Ultrason. Sonochem. 8: 347-352.