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Abstract
Abstract: Blood clam (Anadara granosa) shells has the potential to be developed as a base heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Blood clam (Anadara granosa) shells has a high mineral content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). CaCO3 can be decomposed into CaO at high temperature heating. In this study, CaO catalyst synthesized from the blood clam (Anadara granosa) shells calcined of 900 °C for 10 hours and then impregnated using NaOH (1, 3, and 5% w/w) the activation temperature of 600 °C for 5 hours. 3% Na/CaO catalyst was the most better catalyst with maximum biodiesel results obtained at 83,57% using the 3% Na/CaO catalyst. The maximum conditions obtained from biodiesel production using the 3% Na/CaO catalyst on the reaction temperature at 60 °C, the reaction time of 3.5 hours, stirring speed of 250 rpm, 3 g weight of catalyst, and the mole ratio of oil: methanol 1: 6.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Transesterification, Blood clam shells, Heterogeneous base catalyst
Received: 29 September 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019; Published: 15 January 2020
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References
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References
R. Setiowati, N. Nurhayati, A. Linggawati, Produksi Biodisel dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Menggunakan Katalis Cao Cangkang Kerang Darah Kalsinasi 900° C, Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Riau 1(2) (2014).
L. Amilia, Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Anadara Granosa Shell for Biodiesel Synthesis, KnE Engineering 1(1) (2016).
E. Kurniawan, A. Asril, J.R. Ningsih, Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Kalsium Oksida dari Limbah Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fulica), Jambura Journal of Chemistry 1(2) (2019) 50-54.
M. Tarmidzi, A.Y. Putra, R. Manurung, T. Herawan, Pengaruh Konsentrasi Li Yang Di-Doping Ke Dalam Katalis Cao Terhadap Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit, Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 2(3) (2013) 1-7.
M. Kaur, A. Ali, Lithium ion impregnated calcium oxide as nano catalyst for the biodiesel production from karanja and jatropha oils, Renewable Energy 36(11) (2011) 2866-2871.
D. Kumar, A. Ali, Nanocrystalline K–CaO for the transesterification of a variety of feedstocks: Structure, kinetics and catalytic properties, Biomass and Bioenergy 46 (2012) 459-468.
R.H.M.N. Rama Prihandana, Menghasilkan Biodiesel Murah, AgroMedia2007.
F. Maa, M.A. Hanna, Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresource Technology 70(1) (1999) 1-15.
M. Kouzu, T. Kasuno, M. Tajika, Y. Sugimoto, S. Yamanaka, J. Hidaka, Calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst for transesterification