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Abstract: Gamma spectrometer used to determine the type and activity of gamma emitting radionuclides, such as the measurement of TENORM (Th-232, U-238, Ra-26 dan K-40) in the zirconium oxychloride or environmental radioactivity. This research was carried out to know each the TENORM on the zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) which accommodation of environment data the radioactivity in draft job safety about the workers. Zirconium oxychloride is a result of chloride acid leaching process from sodium zirconate, containing uranium and thorium, so that it has the potential for contamination and increase the radiation exposure. The instrument used for counting by HPGe detector and the spectrum were analyzed further using software Genie 2000. Mean measured activity concentrations (radioactivity) of U-238, Th-232, Ra-226 and K-40 respectively were 13,43±0,876 Bq/kg, 12,040±1,483 Bq/kg, 11,400±0,582 Bq/kg dan 32,940±3,270 Bq/kg.
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References
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- R. Serena, B. Luigi, A. Massimo, Assessment of the radiological impacts of zircon sand processing plant, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (2005) 1-25.
- Sajima, Pelindian natrium zirkonat menggunakan asam klorida secara catu, Eksplorium 39 (1) (2018) 67–74.
- Yuhelda, A. Dessy, P. N. Enggan, Processing zirconia through zircon sand smelting with NaOH as a flux, Indonesia Mining Journal 19 (1) (2016) 39-49.
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- R.C. Romala, V.M. Chobey, D.G. Prasad, A. Kies, radionuclide analysis in the soil of Kumaum Himalaya, India using gamma ray spectrometry, Current Science 100 (6) (2011) 906-914.
- Q. Can, Y. Huanfang, H. Caixia, Certification and uncertainty evaluation of flavonoids certified reference materials, Agricultural Sciences 4 (9B) (2013) 89-96.
- Sukirno, Samin, Estimasi nilai ketidakpastian analisis radionuklida Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-228 dan K-40 dalam cuplikan sedimen dengan teknik spektrometri gamma, Jurnal Iptek Nuklir GANENDRA 14 (1) (2011) 10-18.
- Sukirno, M. Sri, Rosidi, W. W. Sutanto, Radioaktivitas alam hasil pembakaran batubara dari PLTU Pacitan, Prosiding PPIPDIPTN PSTA- BATAN Yogyakarta (2016) 70-74.
- G. E. Von, S. Werner, The Gamma rays of the Radionuclides, Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, New York, 1979.
- World Nuclear Association Mineral Sands, NORM Appendix 1, England and Wales, London, 2013.
- I.I. Mohd, S. K Kok, M. F. Syazwani, Measurement of 238U and 232Th radionuclides in ilmenite and synthetic rutile, IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 298 (2018) 1-6.
- B. M. Felix, M. Paulus, D. M. Risimati, M. Peane, Determination of uranium and thorium concentration and gross alpha and beta activity measurement in top soil samples from Richards Bay, South Africa, Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 11 (2018) 305-310.
References
Z. Mashrur, Z. K. Mohammad, R. Mohammad, D. Farah, Presence of uranium and thorium in zircon assemblages separated from beach sands of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, Journal of Science, Technology, & Environment Informatics 03 (01) (2016) 161-169.
A. M. J. Nurrul, S. K. Kok, H. M. Nor, A. W. Y. Mohd, M. F. Syazwani, Malaysian monazite and its processing residue: chemical composition and radioactivity, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 322 (2019) 1097-1105.
X. Shoulong, W. Qifan, L. Xiaogang, Y. Feng, and T. Liangying, Radionuclide transfer in the zirconium oxychloride production process and the radiation effect in a typical Chinese enterprise, Sustainability 11 (21) (2019) 2-9.
L. Zhao, X. Liu, W. Zhao, Analysis on radiation environment of zircon sand dressing and processing enterprise, Environment Development 31 (2019) 21-22.
R. Serena, B. Luigi, A. Massimo, Assessment of the radiological impacts of zircon sand processing plant, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (2005) 1-25.
Sajima, Pelindian natrium zirkonat menggunakan asam klorida secara catu, Eksplorium 39 (1) (2018) 67–74.
Yuhelda, A. Dessy, P. N. Enggan, Processing zirconia through zircon sand smelting with NaOH as a flux, Indonesia Mining Journal 19 (1) (2016) 39-49.
S. Endang, Pembuatan Zr(SO4)2.xH2O melalui jalur zirconium basic sulphate (ZBS) sebagai umpan pada continuos annular chromatography (CAC), Jurnal Teknologi Bahan Nuklir 9 (2) (2013) 55-113.
B. Aziz, B. Laila, A. Khadija, N. Hamid, B. Mohammed, N. Abdelmjid, Measurement of natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate in coal ash samples from a thermal power plant, World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology (6) (2016) 153-160.
N.M. Ismael, M. N. Mungubariki, K. M. Najat, Assessment of radioactivity levels in coal and coal ash in Kiwira coal mine using gamma-ray spectrometry, Tanzania Journal of Science 44 (3) (2018) 1-11.
R.C. Romala, V.M. Chobey, D.G. Prasad, A. Kies, radionuclide analysis in the soil of Kumaum Himalaya, India using gamma ray spectrometry, Current Science 100 (6) (2011) 906-914.
Q. Can, Y. Huanfang, H. Caixia, Certification and uncertainty evaluation of flavonoids certified reference materials, Agricultural Sciences 4 (9B) (2013) 89-96.
Sukirno, Samin, Estimasi nilai ketidakpastian analisis radionuklida Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-228 dan K-40 dalam cuplikan sedimen dengan teknik spektrometri gamma, Jurnal Iptek Nuklir GANENDRA 14 (1) (2011) 10-18.
Sukirno, M. Sri, Rosidi, W. W. Sutanto, Radioaktivitas alam hasil pembakaran batubara dari PLTU Pacitan, Prosiding PPIPDIPTN PSTA- BATAN Yogyakarta (2016) 70-74.
G. E. Von, S. Werner, The Gamma rays of the Radionuclides, Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, New York, 1979.
World Nuclear Association Mineral Sands, NORM Appendix 1, England and Wales, London, 2013.
I.I. Mohd, S. K Kok, M. F. Syazwani, Measurement of 238U and 232Th radionuclides in ilmenite and synthetic rutile, IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 298 (2018) 1-6.
B. M. Felix, M. Paulus, D. M. Risimati, M. Peane, Determination of uranium and thorium concentration and gross alpha and beta activity measurement in top soil samples from Richards Bay, South Africa, Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 11 (2018) 305-310.