Validation Method on Green Analysis of Nitrite in Domestic Wastewater

Yuli Rohyami; Lutfiana Aida Rahmah; Endah Iniati

doi:10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol3.iss1.art1

Submitted

December 2, 2021

Accepted

February 17, 2022

Published

February 22, 2022

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PDF Figure 1. Green analysis procedure of nitrite Figure 2. Fishbone diagram on green analysis of nitrite Figure 3. a. Calibration curve of nitrite and b. Model of linear regression for concentration of nitrite Figure 4. The percentage of uncertainty contribution on determination of nitrite

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Abstract

The development and validation of methods on green analysis of nitrite in domestic wastewater has been carried out. This study is focused on the development and validation of nitrite determination using a smaller sample size with test kit nitrite from phosphoric acid, acid sulfanilamide, and N-(-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. The validation parameters studied include linearity, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, and uncertainty. Based on the study, the green analysis procedure has good linearity with the linear regression equation of y = 2.8405x + 0.0043 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9992. Green analysis can be used detection and quantification nitrite in domestic wastewater at low concentration levels with the limit of detection of 0.01 mg/L and the limit of quantification of 0.03 mg/L. This green analysis procedure has good precision and accuracy with a % RSD of 1.61% and % recovery of 109.61%. Based on the study, the determination of nitrite with the green analysis method in domestic wastewater can be used at low concentration levels. The concentration of nitrite is 0.05 + 0.01 mg/L for inlet sample and 0.04 + 0.01 mg/L for outlet sample

Keywords

nitrite green method validation method linearity LOD LOQ precision accuracy uncertainty

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Author Biography

Yuli Rohyami, Chemical Analysis Study Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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How to Cite

Rohyami, Y., Rahmah, L. A., & Iniati, E. (2022). Validation Method on Green Analysis of Nitrite in Domestic Wastewater. EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis, 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol3.iss1.art1

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References

R. Ludmerczki, S. Mura, L. Stagi, T. Juhász, M. Dettori, A. Azara, P. Innocenzi, L. Malfatti, Fluorescence-based selective nitrite ion sensing by amino-capped carbon dots, Environ. Nanotechnology, Monit. Manag. 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100573.
R. Du, Y. Peng, S. Cao, S. Wang, M. Niu, Characteristic of nitrous oxide production in partial denitrification process with high nitrite accumulation, Bioresour. Technol. 203 (2016) 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.044.
S. Cao, S. Wang, Y. Peng, C. Wu, R. Du, L. Gong, B. Ma, Achieving partial denitrification with sludge fermentation liquid as carbon source: The effect of seeding sludge, Bioresour. Technol. 149 (2013) 570–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.072.
L. Gong, M. Huo, Q. Yang, J. Li, B. Ma, R. Zhu, S. Wang, Y. Peng, Performance of heterotrophic partial denitrification under feast-famine condition of electron donor: A case study using acetate as external carbon source, Bioresour. Technol. 133 (2013) 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.108.
R. Du, Y. Peng, S. Cao, C. Wu, D. Weng, S. Wang, J. He, Advanced nitrogen removal with simultaneous Anammox and denitrification in sequencing batch reactor, Bioresour. Technol. 162 (2014) 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.041.
R. Du, S. Cao, B. Li, S. Wang, Y. Peng, Simultaneous domestic wastewater and nitrate sewage treatment by DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation (DEAMOX) in sequencing batch reactor, Chemosphere. 174 (2017) 399–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.013.
G. o. Quintana, E. Fagnani, F.P. Candello, The Dichromate Method, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 29 (2017) 490–498.
M. Filip, D. Prodan, M. Moldovan, M. Vlassa, Determination of nitrate and nitrite content in Zonar milk serum and derived dairy drinks using ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, Stud. Univ. Babes-Bolyai Chem. 64 (2019) 197–206. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2019.1.16.
G. Berardi, M. Albenzio, R. Marino, T. D’Amore, A. Di Taranto, V. Vita, M. Iammarino, Different use of nitrite and nitrate in meats: A survey on typical and commercial Italian products as a contribution to risk assessment, Lwt. 150 (2021) 112004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112004.
M.N. Moshoeshoe, V. Obuseng, Simultaneous determination of nitrate, nitrite and phosphate in environmental samples by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, South African J. Chem. 71 (2018) 79–85. https://doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2018/v71a10.
D. Coviello, R. Pascale, R. Ciriello, A.M. Salvi, A. Guerrieri, M. Contursi, L. Scrano, S.A. Bufo, T.R.I. Cataldi, G. Bianco, Validation of an analytical method for nitrite and nitrate determination in meat foods for infants by ion chromatography with conductivity detection, Foods. 9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091238.
SNI 06-6989.9-2004.pdf, Indonesia, n.d.
W. Crowe, C.T. Elliott, B.D. Green, Evaluating the residual nitrite concentrations of bacon in the United Kingdom, Foods. 9 (2020) 3–9.
} A. Numan, A. Al-Nedhary, M. Al-Hamadi, S. Saleh, F. Ghaleb, M. Galil, Novel Spectrophotometric Method with Enhanced Sensitivity for the Determination of Nitrite in Vegetables, Jordan J. Earth Environ. Sci. 12 (2021) 13–21.
D. Thuan, S. Sayyavongsa, D. Van Bay, Original Research Article Original Research Article Open Access Study on Nitrite Determination By Spectrophotometric Method and Its Application in Analysis of Mekomg River Water in Laos, 07 (2017) 16053–16057.
S. Dobrinas, A. Soceanu, V. Popescu, G. Stanciu, Nitrite determination in spices, Analele Univ. ‘Ovidius’ Constanta - Ser. Chim. 24 (2013) 21–23. https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0004.
R.F. Fontenla, A. Prchal, S.E. Petrino, Spectrophotometric Method to Quantify Nitrite and Nitrate in Rat Nervous Tissue, 7 (2017) 95–104.
M. Pistón, A. Mollo, M. Knochen, A simple automated method for the determination of nitrate and nitrite in infant formula and milk powder using sequential injection analysis, J. Autom. Methods Manag. Chem. 2011 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/148183.
Y. Pratiwi, E.V. Nanda, D. Muliyati, M. Gladiani, The validation of nitrite and nitrate analysis methods in bread using p-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) via UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, AIP Conf. Proc. 2320 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0037548.
S.R. Mousavi, M. Balali-Mood, B. Riahi-Zanjani, M. Sadeghi, Determination of cyanide and nitrate concentrations in drinking, irrigation, and wastewaters, J. Res. Med. Sci. 18 (2013) 65–69.
S. Khademikia, Z. Rafiee, M.M. Amin, P. Poursafa, M. Mansourian, A. Modaberi, Association of nitrate, nitrite, and total organic carbon (TOC) in drinking water and gastrointestinal disease, J. Environ. Public Health. 2013 (2013).
M. Loredo de Franca, L. Separovic, L.S. Longo Junior, D.C. de Oliveira, F. Rebello Lourenco, L.A. Calixto, Determining uncertainty in a simple UV-Vis spectrometry method employing dimethyl carbonate as green solvent for lead determination in water, Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed. 173 (2021) 1-7.
S.M. Fraihat, Green methods for the determination of nitrite in water samples based on novel diazo coupling reaction, Green Process. Synth. 6 (2017) 245-248.

References

R. Ludmerczki, S. Mura, L. Stagi, T. Juhász, M. Dettori, A. Azara, P. Innocenzi, L. Malfatti, Fluorescence-based selective nitrite ion sensing by amino-capped carbon dots, Environ. Nanotechnology, Monit. Manag. 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100573.

R. Du, Y. Peng, S. Cao, S. Wang, M. Niu, Characteristic of nitrous oxide production in partial denitrification process with high nitrite accumulation, Bioresour. Technol. 203 (2016) 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.044.

S. Cao, S. Wang, Y. Peng, C. Wu, R. Du, L. Gong, B. Ma, Achieving partial denitrification with sludge fermentation liquid as carbon source: The effect of seeding sludge, Bioresour. Technol. 149 (2013) 570–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.072.

L. Gong, M. Huo, Q. Yang, J. Li, B. Ma, R. Zhu, S. Wang, Y. Peng, Performance of heterotrophic partial denitrification under feast-famine condition of electron donor: A case study using acetate as external carbon source, Bioresour. Technol. 133 (2013) 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.108.

R. Du, Y. Peng, S. Cao, C. Wu, D. Weng, S. Wang, J. He, Advanced nitrogen removal with simultaneous Anammox and denitrification in sequencing batch reactor, Bioresour. Technol. 162 (2014) 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.041.

R. Du, S. Cao, B. Li, S. Wang, Y. Peng, Simultaneous domestic wastewater and nitrate sewage treatment by DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation (DEAMOX) in sequencing batch reactor, Chemosphere. 174 (2017) 399–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.013.

G. o. Quintana, E. Fagnani, F.P. Candello, The Dichromate Method, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 29 (2017) 490–498.

M. Filip, D. Prodan, M. Moldovan, M. Vlassa, Determination of nitrate and nitrite content in Zonar milk serum and derived dairy drinks using ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, Stud. Univ. Babes-Bolyai Chem. 64 (2019) 197–206. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2019.1.16.

G. Berardi, M. Albenzio, R. Marino, T. D’Amore, A. Di Taranto, V. Vita, M. Iammarino, Different use of nitrite and nitrate in meats: A survey on typical and commercial Italian products as a contribution to risk assessment, Lwt. 150 (2021) 112004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112004.

M.N. Moshoeshoe, V. Obuseng, Simultaneous determination of nitrate, nitrite and phosphate in environmental samples by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, South African J. Chem. 71 (2018) 79–85. https://doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2018/v71a10.

D. Coviello, R. Pascale, R. Ciriello, A.M. Salvi, A. Guerrieri, M. Contursi, L. Scrano, S.A. Bufo, T.R.I. Cataldi, G. Bianco, Validation of an analytical method for nitrite and nitrate determination in meat foods for infants by ion chromatography with conductivity detection, Foods. 9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091238.

SNI 06-6989.9-2004.pdf, Indonesia, n.d.

W. Crowe, C.T. Elliott, B.D. Green, Evaluating the residual nitrite concentrations of bacon in the United Kingdom, Foods. 9 (2020) 3–9.

} A. Numan, A. Al-Nedhary, M. Al-Hamadi, S. Saleh, F. Ghaleb, M. Galil, Novel Spectrophotometric Method with Enhanced Sensitivity for the Determination of Nitrite in Vegetables, Jordan J. Earth Environ. Sci. 12 (2021) 13–21.

D. Thuan, S. Sayyavongsa, D. Van Bay, Original Research Article Original Research Article Open Access Study on Nitrite Determination By Spectrophotometric Method and Its Application in Analysis of Mekomg River Water in Laos, 07 (2017) 16053–16057.

S. Dobrinas, A. Soceanu, V. Popescu, G. Stanciu, Nitrite determination in spices, Analele Univ. ‘Ovidius’ Constanta - Ser. Chim. 24 (2013) 21–23. https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0004.

R.F. Fontenla, A. Prchal, S.E. Petrino, Spectrophotometric Method to Quantify Nitrite and Nitrate in Rat Nervous Tissue, 7 (2017) 95–104.

M. Pistón, A. Mollo, M. Knochen, A simple automated method for the determination of nitrate and nitrite in infant formula and milk powder using sequential injection analysis, J. Autom. Methods Manag. Chem. 2011 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/148183.

Y. Pratiwi, E.V. Nanda, D. Muliyati, M. Gladiani, The validation of nitrite and nitrate analysis methods in bread using p-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) via UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, AIP Conf. Proc. 2320 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0037548.

S.R. Mousavi, M. Balali-Mood, B. Riahi-Zanjani, M. Sadeghi, Determination of cyanide and nitrate concentrations in drinking, irrigation, and wastewaters, J. Res. Med. Sci. 18 (2013) 65–69.

S. Khademikia, Z. Rafiee, M.M. Amin, P. Poursafa, M. Mansourian, A. Modaberi, Association of nitrate, nitrite, and total organic carbon (TOC) in drinking water and gastrointestinal disease, J. Environ. Public Health. 2013 (2013).

M. Loredo de Franca, L. Separovic, L.S. Longo Junior, D.C. de Oliveira, F. Rebello Lourenco, L.A. Calixto, Determining uncertainty in a simple UV-Vis spectrometry method employing dimethyl carbonate as green solvent for lead determination in water, Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed. 173 (2021) 1-7.

S.M. Fraihat, Green methods for the determination of nitrite in water samples based on novel diazo coupling reaction, Green Process. Synth. 6 (2017) 245-248.

Validation Method on Green Analysis of Nitrite in Domestic Wastewater

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Yuli Rohyami, Chemical Analysis Study Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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