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Abstract
Soursop leaf water extract (SLWE) contains acetogenin compounds which are mitochondrial complex I inhibitors. This compound can reduce cellular ATP production and induce apoptosis via bax pathways, causing side effects on cells. Gaster is a digestive organ that has direct contact with acetogenin. Gastric cells contain mitochondria and undergo physiological apoptosis.This study aims to determine the effect of subchronic administration of SLWE on bax expression on glandular/non glandular mucosal epithelium gastric of rats. This study was conducted at Research Laboratorium, Medical Faculty, UII, 2019. This study uses post test only control group design. The subjects were 10 female rats, Spraque-dawley strain which was divided into 2 groups; the treatment and the control group. The treatment group received extract of SLWE at a dose of 1000 mg/kgBB/day for 30 days, while the control group received aquades, both were administered using sonde. Observation of bax expression was performed on each IHC preparation with bax antibody. The difference in bax expression between the control and treatment groups was tested by t-test. There were significant differences in the number of bax expressions in gastric glandular mucosa (p 0.038) and non-glandular gastric mucosa (p 0.027) between the treatment group and the control group. There was an effect of subchronic administration of SLWE on bax expression on mucosalepithelium for both, glandular and non-glandular of rat gaster. There were differences in the number of glandular gastric as well as non-glandular gastric mucosa epithelium which exerted bax between the control and treatment groups
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References
- Grba DN, Blaza JN, Bridges HR, Agip A-NA, Yin Z, Murai M, et al. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals how acetogenins inhibit mitochondrial respiratory complex I. J Biol Chem. 298(3) (2022) 101602.
- Pedro N de, Cautain B, Melguizo A, Vicente F, Genilloud O, Peláez F, et al. Mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, acetogenins, induce HepG2 cell death through the induction of the complete apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. J Bioenerg Biomembr., 45 (2013)153–64.
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- Höllerhage M, Rösler TW, Berjas M, Luo R, Tran K, Richards KM, et al. Neurotoxicity of Dietary Supplements from Annonaceae Species. Int J Toxicol., 34(6) (2015) 543–50.
- Dayeef AYM, Karyono S, Sujuti H. The Influence Of Annona Muricata Leaves Extract In Damaging Kidney Cell And Inducing Caspase-9 Activity. J Pharm Biol Sci., 8(5) (2013) 48–52.
- Hadisaputri YE, Habibah U, Abdullah FF, Halimah E, Mutakin M, Megantara S, et al. Antiproliferation activity and apoptotic mechanism of soursop (Annona muricata l.) leaves extract and fractions on mcf7 breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Targets Ther.,13 (2021) 447–57.
- Qiao W, Wang G, Shi Y, Wu J, Qi Y, Zhang J, et al. Differential expression of Bcl-2 and Bax during gastric ischemia-reperfusion of rats. World J Gastroenterol., 17(13) (2011) 1718–24.
- Arfeni C, Handayani ES. Gambaran Histopatologi Gaster Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) Pada Pemberian Ekstrak Air Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata). Universitas Islam Indonesia; 2014.
- Handayani ES, Nugraha ZS, Fidianingsih I, Pahlevawati PR. Soursop leaf extract increases neuroglia and hepatic degeneration in female rats. Universa Med., 34(1) (2016) 17–24.
- Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Paydar M, Rouhollahi E, Karimian H. Annona muricata leaves induced apoptosis in A549 cells through mitochondrial-mediated pathway and involvement of NF-κB. BMC Complement Altern Med., 14(1) (2014) 1–13.
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- Engevik AC, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. The physiology of the gastric parietal cell. Physiol Rev., 100(2) (2020) 573–602.
- Gyires K, Nemeth J, S. Zadori Z. Gastric Mucosal Protection And Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des., 19(1) (2012) 34–9.
- Wahab SMA, Jantan I, Haque MA, Arshad L. Exploring the leaves of Annona muricata L. as a source of potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Front Pharmacol., 9(5) (2018) 1–20.
- Agu K, Okolie N, Eze I, Anionye J, Falodun A. Phytochemical analysis, toxicity profile, and hemomodulatory properties of Annona muricata (Soursop). Egypt J Haematol., 42(1) (2017) 36.
- Chan WJJ, McLachlan AJ, Hanrahan JR, Harnett JE. The safety and tolerability of Annona muricata leaf extract: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol., 72(1) (2020) 1–16.
- Syafitri M, Tejasari M, Tresnasari C. Perubahan Morfologi Jaringan Hati Tikus pada Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sirsak Jangka Panjang Meta Syafitri 1 , Maya Tejasari 2 , Cice Tresnasari 3. In: Prosiding Pendidikan Dokter. Bandung; 2017. p. 169–77.
- Wahyuningtyas AN, Handayani ES. Degenerasi Sel Hepar Tikus ( Rattus Norvegicus) Pada Pemberian Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata). Universitas Islam Indonesia; 2013.
- Astini DAAAS. The effects of soursop leaves extract on the islets of langerhans of the male wistar rats exposed to high fat diet and streptozotocin. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng., 434(1) (2018) 2–7.
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References
Grba DN, Blaza JN, Bridges HR, Agip A-NA, Yin Z, Murai M, et al. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals how acetogenins inhibit mitochondrial respiratory complex I. J Biol Chem. 298(3) (2022) 101602.
Pedro N de, Cautain B, Melguizo A, Vicente F, Genilloud O, Peláez F, et al. Mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, acetogenins, induce HepG2 cell death through the induction of the complete apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. J Bioenerg Biomembr., 45 (2013)153–64.
Mutakin M, Fauziati R, Fadhilah FN, Zuhrotun A, Amalia R, Hadisaputri YE. Pharmacological Activities of Soursop (Annona muricata Lin.). Molecules. 27(4) (2022) 1–17.
Gavamukulya Y, Wamunyokoli F, El-Shemy HA. Annona muricata: Is the natural therapy to most disease conditions including cancer growing in our backyard? A systematic review of its research history and future prospects. Asian Pac J Trop Med., 10(9) (2017) 835–48.
Höllerhage M, Rösler TW, Berjas M, Luo R, Tran K, Richards KM, et al. Neurotoxicity of Dietary Supplements from Annonaceae Species. Int J Toxicol., 34(6) (2015) 543–50.
Dayeef AYM, Karyono S, Sujuti H. The Influence Of Annona Muricata Leaves Extract In Damaging Kidney Cell And Inducing Caspase-9 Activity. J Pharm Biol Sci., 8(5) (2013) 48–52.
Hadisaputri YE, Habibah U, Abdullah FF, Halimah E, Mutakin M, Megantara S, et al. Antiproliferation activity and apoptotic mechanism of soursop (Annona muricata l.) leaves extract and fractions on mcf7 breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Targets Ther.,13 (2021) 447–57.
Qiao W, Wang G, Shi Y, Wu J, Qi Y, Zhang J, et al. Differential expression of Bcl-2 and Bax during gastric ischemia-reperfusion of rats. World J Gastroenterol., 17(13) (2011) 1718–24.
Arfeni C, Handayani ES. Gambaran Histopatologi Gaster Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) Pada Pemberian Ekstrak Air Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata). Universitas Islam Indonesia; 2014.
Handayani ES, Nugraha ZS, Fidianingsih I, Pahlevawati PR. Soursop leaf extract increases neuroglia and hepatic degeneration in female rats. Universa Med., 34(1) (2016) 17–24.
Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Paydar M, Rouhollahi E, Karimian H. Annona muricata leaves induced apoptosis in A549 cells through mitochondrial-mediated pathway and involvement of NF-κB. BMC Complement Altern Med., 14(1) (2014) 1–13.
Li H, Wu H, Chen H, Liu C, Chen C. The Pharmacological Activities of (−)-Anonaine. Molecules, 18 (2013) 8257–63.
Engevik AC, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. The physiology of the gastric parietal cell. Physiol Rev., 100(2) (2020) 573–602.
Gyires K, Nemeth J, S. Zadori Z. Gastric Mucosal Protection And Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des., 19(1) (2012) 34–9.
Wahab SMA, Jantan I, Haque MA, Arshad L. Exploring the leaves of Annona muricata L. as a source of potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Front Pharmacol., 9(5) (2018) 1–20.
Agu K, Okolie N, Eze I, Anionye J, Falodun A. Phytochemical analysis, toxicity profile, and hemomodulatory properties of Annona muricata (Soursop). Egypt J Haematol., 42(1) (2017) 36.
Chan WJJ, McLachlan AJ, Hanrahan JR, Harnett JE. The safety and tolerability of Annona muricata leaf extract: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol., 72(1) (2020) 1–16.
Syafitri M, Tejasari M, Tresnasari C. Perubahan Morfologi Jaringan Hati Tikus pada Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sirsak Jangka Panjang Meta Syafitri 1 , Maya Tejasari 2 , Cice Tresnasari 3. In: Prosiding Pendidikan Dokter. Bandung; 2017. p. 169–77.
Wahyuningtyas AN, Handayani ES. Degenerasi Sel Hepar Tikus ( Rattus Norvegicus) Pada Pemberian Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata). Universitas Islam Indonesia; 2013.
Astini DAAAS. The effects of soursop leaves extract on the islets of langerhans of the male wistar rats exposed to high fat diet and streptozotocin. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng., 434(1) (2018) 2–7.
Moghadamtousi SZ, Fadaeinasab M, Nikzad S, Mohan G, Ali HM, Kadir HA. Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A review of its traditional uses, isolated acetogenins and biological activities. Int J Mol Sci., 16(7) (2015) 15625–58.