Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), one of the latest innovations in the financial world, have succeeded in triggering debate among the public, especially in terms of Islamic financial principles. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the gap between public societies’ perspectives on NFT on Twitter and the discourse conveyed by experts in research articles or journalists in popular articles.
Methodology: This study combines two analyses, namely sentiment analysis, using the R Studio application to categorize public opinion into positive, neutral, and negative sentiments. Discourse analysis uses the NVivo 12 application to identify critical themes in scientific writing.
Findings – The results show various perceptions of positive sentiments often associated with NFT and innovation. By contrast, negative sentiments focus on speculation, lack of clarity, and the potential to conflict with the principles of Islamic finance. These findings convey concerns about the speculative nature of the NFT and its compliance with Sharia law. However, some scholars argue that NFT can be structured according to Islamic ethics if proper guidelines are followed.
Implications – This study contributes to bridging the gap between public perception and scholars, so that insights arise regarding NFT as perceived within the framework of Islamic finance.
Originality – We believe this study is the first qualitative study to investigate public sentiment about NFT from Twitter/X and discuss it with the principles of Islamic finance.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Alfina Rahmatia, Arief Dwi Saputra

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References
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- Durmuş, Ş. H. N. (2024). Cryptocurrency on social media: Analyzing the digital discourse towards the coin market. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(23), 202–223. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1419066
- Fadzil, N. F. I., & Busari, S. A. (2024). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) investment: A juristic and analytical study. Jurnal Fiqh, 21(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol21no1.2
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- Kim, H. (2022). Sentiment analysis: Limits and progress of the Syuzhet package and its lexicons. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 16. https://dhq.digitalhumanities.org/vol/16/2/000612/000612.html
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- Kociemska, H. (2020). Islamic finance merging public finance within public–private partnership. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(4), 579–592. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2018-0022
- Koeswandana, N. A., & Sugino, F. A. (2023). Intention to use cryptocurrency: Social and religious perspective. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 9(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol9.iss1.art7
- Kusumaningtyas, R. O., Subekti, R., Jaelani, A. K., Orsantinutsakul, A., & Mishra, U. K. (2022). Reduction of digitalization policy in Indonesian MSMEs and implications for sharia economic development. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 21(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.6855
- Monica, C., & Nagarathna, N. (2020). Detection of fake tweets using sentiment analysis. SN Computer Science, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-0110-0
- Mowlaei, M., Abadeh, M., & Keshavarz, H. (2020). Aspect-based sentiment analysis using adaptive aspect-based lexicons. Expert Systems with Applications, 148, 113234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113234
- Muneeza, A., Bin-Nashwan, S. A., Abdel Moshin, M. I., Mohamed, I., & Al-Saadi, A. (2023). Zakat payment from cryptocurrencies and crypto assets. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(3), 482–497. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-12-2021-0487
- Murugappan, M., Nair, R., & Krishnan, S. (2023). Global market perceptions of cryptocurrency and the use of cryptocurrency by consumers: A pilot study. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 18(4), 1955–1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18040098
- Normasyhuri, K., Saputri, Y. D., & Anggraeni, E. (2023). Generation Z Sharia investment decision patterns: Does information media matter? Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 9(2), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol9.iss2.art7
- Omercic, J. (2023). Bridging Islamic and conventional finance through integration of knowledge (IoK): The potential of the third sector. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 6(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v6i1.14712
- Pinto-Gutiérrez, C., Gaitán, S., Jaramillo, D., & Velasquez, S. (2022). The NFT hype: What draws attention to non-fungible tokens? Mathematics, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10030335
- Riani, R., & Ikhwan, I. (2024). Cryptocurrency: A sentiment analysis from Twitter data. Islamic Finance and Technology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.58968/ift.v1i1.359
- Roumeliotis, K. I., Tselikas, N. D., & Nasiopoulos, D. K. (2024). LLMs and NLP models in cryptocurrency sentiment analysis: A comparative classification study. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8060063
- Satrya, R. N., Pratiwi, O. N., Fa’rifah, R. Y., & Abawajy, J. (2022). Cryptocurrency sentiment analysis on the Twitter platform using Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. 2022 International Conference Advancement in Data Science, E-Learning and Information Systems (ICADEIS), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICADEIS56544.2022.10037413
- Scharfman, J. (2023). The cryptocurrency and digital asset fraud casebook. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23679-2
- Sifat, I., Tariq, S. A., & van Donselaar, D. (2024). Suspicious trading in nonfungible tokens (NFTs). Information and Management, 61(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103898
- Sundari, S., Faiza, S. N., & Rahma, L. (2022). Business analysis of selling and buying non-fungible tokens (NFT) at MarketPlace OpenSea according to the perspective of Islamic law. El-Qist: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business (JIEB), 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15642/elqist.2022.12.1.1-16
- Taherdoost, H., Le, N., Madanchian, M., & Farhaoui, Y. (2024). Exploring global FinTech advancement and applications. In Exploring Global FinTech Advancement and Applications. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1561-3
- Tlemsani, I., & Matthews, R. (2023). Digitalization and the prospects of cryptocurrency in Islamic finance. International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development, 22(2), 131–152. https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00072_1
- Vasishta, P., & Singla, A. (2024). Emerging trends in FinTech and financial inclusion: A review and bibliometric analysis. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2024.2353428
- Zaman, A., Tlemsani, I., Matthews, R., & Mohamed Hashim, M. A. (2023). Assessing the potential of blockchain technology for Islamic crypto assets. Competitiveness Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-05-2023-0100
- Zamri, M. T. M., Ahmad, A. A., & Yusoff, A. F. J. (2025). Shariah compliance and ethical issues in NFT games: Analyzing cryptocurrency transactions and market risks. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v15-i1/24052
- Zhang, Z. J. (2023). Cryptopricing: Whence comes the value for cryptocurrencies and NFTs? International Journal of Research in Marketing, 40(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.08.002
- Zulkepli, M. I. S., Abd Hamid, N. B., Karim, H. H., & Mohamad, M. T. (2024). Bridging the knowledge gap: Harmonizing the concept of smart contract technology and Islamic law perspective. Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, 6(20), 156–174. https://doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.620014
References
Ahmad, H. M. (2024). Sharia perspective: The urgency of Islamic economic, banking and finance (IEBF) reform in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Knowledge Integration (IoK) approach. ADILLA: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 7(2), 111–140. https://doi.org/10.52166/adilla.v7i1.6026
Akkus, H. T., & Dogan, M. (2023). Analysis of dynamic connectedness relationships between cryptocurrency, NFT and DeFi assets: TVP-VAR approach. Applied Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2023.2216437
Ali, S. N. (2017). Building trust in Islamic finance products and services. Society and Business Review, 12(3), 356–372. https://doi.org/10.1108/sbr-03-2017-0017
Alisa, A., Athirah, N., Sobri, M., & Ahmad, A. A. (2024). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) in Islamic perspective: Challenges and way forward. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law. https://doi.org/10.26475/jcil.2024.9.1.02
Apostu, S. A., Panait, M., Vasa, L., Mihaescu, C., & Dobrowolski, Z. (2022). NFTs and cryptocurrencies—The metamorphosis of the economy under the sign of blockchain: A time series approach. Mathematics, 10(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10173218
Bibi, S., Hussain, S., & Faisal, M. I. (2019). Public perception based recommendation system for cryptocurrency. 2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), 661–665. https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667123
Bossman, A., Gubareva, M., Agyei, S. K., & Vo, X. V. (2024). Time-frequency comovements between environmental cryptocurrency sentiment and faith-based sectoral stocks. International Review of Economics and Finance, 91, 699–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.01.068
Dodds, P. S., Harris, K. D., Kloumann, I. M., Bliss, C. A., & Danforth, C. M. (2011). Temporal patterns of happiness and information in a global social network: Hedonometrics and Twitter. PLOS ONE, 6(12), e26752. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026752
Durmuş, Ş. H. N. (2024). Cryptocurrency on social media: Analyzing the digital discourse towards the coin market. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(23), 202–223. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1419066
Fadzil, N. F. I., & Busari, S. A. (2024). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) investment: A juristic and analytical study. Jurnal Fiqh, 21(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol21no1.2
Ghafoor, Z. (2023). Editorial: Bridging the gap between Islamic finance and sustainable, responsible, and impact investing. Journal of Islamic Business and Management (JIBM), 13(2), 156–158. https://doi.org/10.26501/jibm/2023.1302-001
Golder, S. A., & Macy, M. W. (2011). Diurnal and seasonal mood vary with work, sleep, and daylength across diverse cultures. Science, 333(6051), 1878–1881. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1202775
Han, Y. J., & Nah, K. (2023). A study on the relationship between individual experiences and memories on the evaluation and reinterpretation of visual images of NFTs. In R. M. (Ed.), Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 14035 LNCS, pp. 391–401). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34732-0_30
Hasan, M. B., Hassan, M. K., Karim, Z. A., & Rashid, M. M. (2022). Exploring the hedge and safe haven properties of cryptocurrency in policy uncertainty. Finance Research Letters, 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102272
Inamdar, S., & Zhao, Z. (2023). Decoding NFT market dynamics with data. Proceedings of the International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, CloudCom, 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1109/CloudCom59040.2023.00061
Kaneko, Y. (2021). A time-series analysis of how Google trends searches affect cryptocurrency prices for decentralized finance and non-fungible tokens. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, ICDMW, 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDMW53433.2021.00035
Kim, H. (2022). Sentiment analysis: Limits and progress of the Syuzhet package and its lexicons. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 16. https://dhq.digitalhumanities.org/vol/16/2/000612/000612.html
Kılınç, D. (2019). A spark-based big data analysis framework for real-time sentiment prediction on streaming data. Software: Practice and Experience, 49, 1352–1364. https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2724
Kociemska, H. (2020). Islamic finance merging public finance within public–private partnership. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(4), 579–592. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2018-0022
Koeswandana, N. A., & Sugino, F. A. (2023). Intention to use cryptocurrency: Social and religious perspective. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 9(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol9.iss1.art7
Kusumaningtyas, R. O., Subekti, R., Jaelani, A. K., Orsantinutsakul, A., & Mishra, U. K. (2022). Reduction of digitalization policy in Indonesian MSMEs and implications for sharia economic development. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 21(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.6855
Monica, C., & Nagarathna, N. (2020). Detection of fake tweets using sentiment analysis. SN Computer Science, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-0110-0
Mowlaei, M., Abadeh, M., & Keshavarz, H. (2020). Aspect-based sentiment analysis using adaptive aspect-based lexicons. Expert Systems with Applications, 148, 113234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113234
Muneeza, A., Bin-Nashwan, S. A., Abdel Moshin, M. I., Mohamed, I., & Al-Saadi, A. (2023). Zakat payment from cryptocurrencies and crypto assets. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(3), 482–497. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-12-2021-0487
Murugappan, M., Nair, R., & Krishnan, S. (2023). Global market perceptions of cryptocurrency and the use of cryptocurrency by consumers: A pilot study. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 18(4), 1955–1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18040098
Normasyhuri, K., Saputri, Y. D., & Anggraeni, E. (2023). Generation Z Sharia investment decision patterns: Does information media matter? Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 9(2), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol9.iss2.art7
Omercic, J. (2023). Bridging Islamic and conventional finance through integration of knowledge (IoK): The potential of the third sector. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 6(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v6i1.14712
Pinto-Gutiérrez, C., Gaitán, S., Jaramillo, D., & Velasquez, S. (2022). The NFT hype: What draws attention to non-fungible tokens? Mathematics, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10030335
Riani, R., & Ikhwan, I. (2024). Cryptocurrency: A sentiment analysis from Twitter data. Islamic Finance and Technology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.58968/ift.v1i1.359
Roumeliotis, K. I., Tselikas, N. D., & Nasiopoulos, D. K. (2024). LLMs and NLP models in cryptocurrency sentiment analysis: A comparative classification study. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8060063
Satrya, R. N., Pratiwi, O. N., Fa’rifah, R. Y., & Abawajy, J. (2022). Cryptocurrency sentiment analysis on the Twitter platform using Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. 2022 International Conference Advancement in Data Science, E-Learning and Information Systems (ICADEIS), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICADEIS56544.2022.10037413
Scharfman, J. (2023). The cryptocurrency and digital asset fraud casebook. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23679-2
Sifat, I., Tariq, S. A., & van Donselaar, D. (2024). Suspicious trading in nonfungible tokens (NFTs). Information and Management, 61(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103898
Sundari, S., Faiza, S. N., & Rahma, L. (2022). Business analysis of selling and buying non-fungible tokens (NFT) at MarketPlace OpenSea according to the perspective of Islamic law. El-Qist: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business (JIEB), 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15642/elqist.2022.12.1.1-16
Taherdoost, H., Le, N., Madanchian, M., & Farhaoui, Y. (2024). Exploring global FinTech advancement and applications. In Exploring Global FinTech Advancement and Applications. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1561-3
Tlemsani, I., & Matthews, R. (2023). Digitalization and the prospects of cryptocurrency in Islamic finance. International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development, 22(2), 131–152. https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00072_1
Vasishta, P., & Singla, A. (2024). Emerging trends in FinTech and financial inclusion: A review and bibliometric analysis. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2024.2353428
Zaman, A., Tlemsani, I., Matthews, R., & Mohamed Hashim, M. A. (2023). Assessing the potential of blockchain technology for Islamic crypto assets. Competitiveness Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-05-2023-0100
Zamri, M. T. M., Ahmad, A. A., & Yusoff, A. F. J. (2025). Shariah compliance and ethical issues in NFT games: Analyzing cryptocurrency transactions and market risks. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v15-i1/24052
Zhang, Z. J. (2023). Cryptopricing: Whence comes the value for cryptocurrencies and NFTs? International Journal of Research in Marketing, 40(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.08.002
Zulkepli, M. I. S., Abd Hamid, N. B., Karim, H. H., & Mohamad, M. T. (2024). Bridging the knowledge gap: Harmonizing the concept of smart contract technology and Islamic law perspective. Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, 6(20), 156–174. https://doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.620014