Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – This study examines the factors influencing Generation Z’s intention to use Sharia insurance apps in West Java by extending the UTAUT framework with perceived Sharia compliance and trust.
Methodology – A quantitative survey was conducted with 350 Gen Z respondents residing in West Java. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
Findings – The results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions positively influence behavioral intention. Perceived Sharia compliance has a negative direct effect on behavioral intention, whereas trust positively mediates the relationship between perceived Sharia compliance and behavioral intention.
Implications – The findings suggest that Sharia insurance providers should improve application usefulness, ease of use, social engagement, technical support, and transparency in Sharia compliance to strengthen users’ trust and adoption intention.
Originality – This study contributes to digital Islamic financial service literature by integrating perceived Sharia compliance and trust into the UTAUT framework in the context of Sharia insurance apps among Gen Z.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Adhriani Junaedi, Yudi Ahmad Faisal, Dwi Widianto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Abed, S. S., & Alkadi, R. S. (2024). Sustainable development through Fintech: Understanding the adoption of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) applications by Generation Z in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 16(15), 6368. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156368
- Afifa, U. N., & Ratnasari, R. T. (2026). Extending UTAUT3 with Sharia value to predict SOTS adoption among Gen Z. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam, 12(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.20885/JEKI.vol12.iss1.art3
- Ahmad, S. Y. T., & Hassan, R. (2025). Decoding FinTech uptake: The interplay of digital literacy, brand image, data security, and trust. Cureus Journal of Business and Economics. https://doi.org/10.7759/s44404-025-03865-3
- Aisyah, M., & Sesunan, Y. S. (2023). Decision making on the use of a Sharia-based e-wallet by Indonesian consumers. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(4), 1739–1752. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.7.017
- Aisyah, M., Sesunan, Y. S., & Wicaksono, A. T. S. (2025). Customers' trust in Islamic banking post-cyberattack leads to digital service breakdowns in Indonesia. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101530
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Al-Qudah, A. A., Al-Okaily, M., Shiyyab, F. S., Taha, A. A. D., Almajali, D. A., Masa'deh, R., & Warrad, L. H. (2024). Determinants of digital payment adoption among Generation Z: An empirical study. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(11), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17110521
- Alam, A., Ratnasari, R. T., Qolbi, F. A., & Athief, F. H. N. (2022). Efficiency studies of the Sharia insurance industry: A systematic literature review. Insurance Markets and Companies, 13(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.21511/ins.13(1).2022.08
- Ali, M., Raza, S. A., Khamis, B., Puah, C. H., & Amin, H. (2021). How perceived risk, benefit and trust determine user Fintech adoption: A new dimension for Islamic finance. Foresight, 23(4), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-09-2020-0095
- Alruthaya, A., Nguyen, T.-T., & Lokuge, S. (2021). The application of digital technology and the learning characteristics of Generation Z in higher education. ACIS 2021 Proceedings, 65. https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2021/65
- Alsmadi, A. A., & Omoush, K. S. Al. (2025). Adoption of Islamic Fintech: Exploring influential factors and the mediating role of Islamic work ethics. EuroMed Journal of Business. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-01-2025-0009
- Amawate, V., & Deb, M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of consumer skepticism toward cause-related marketing: Gender as moderator and attitude as mediator. Journal of Marketing Communications, 27(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2019.1630663
- Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. (2024). Jumlah pengguna internet Indonesia tembus 221 juta orang. Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. https://apjii.or.id/berita/d/apjii-jumlah-pengguna-internet-indonesia-tembus-221-juta-orang
- Ashfahany, A., Azzahra, F., Yayuli, & Unal, I. M. (2023). Intention to use Sharia e-commerce: Applying a combination of the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. Innovative Marketing, 19(2), 184–197. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.19(2).2023.15
- Ashraf, M. A., & Lahsasna, A. (2017). Proposal for a new Sharīʿah risk rating approach for Islamic banks. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-008
- Bakri, M. H., Almansoori, K. K. S. M., & Azlan, N. S. M. (2023). Determinants intention usage of Islamic E-Wallet among millennials. Global Business and Finance Review, 28(1), 11–32. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2023.28.1.11
- Bayaga, A., & Plessis, A. du. (2024). Ramifications of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) among developing countries' higher education staffs. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 9689–9714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12194-6
- Badan Pusat Statistik BPS. (2024). Jumlah penduduk menurut provinsi di Indonesia (Ribu Jiwa), 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. https://sulut.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/OTU4IzI=/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-provinsi-di-indonesia.html
- Braun, A., & Jia, R. (2025). InsurTech: Digital technologies in insurance. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance: Issues and Practice, 50(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41288-024-00344-x
- Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
- Chetioui, Y., El Bouchikhi, Y., Lebdaoui, H., Ennassiri, M., Jannah, H., Yunsi, G., Zhar, I., & Ghamas, A. (2024). Modeling the socio-economic factors affecting Islamic insurance adoption: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(3), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.16047
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Cosma, S., & Rimo, G. (2024). Redefining insurance through technology: Achievements and perspectives in Insurtech. Research in International Business and Finance, 70(PA), 102301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102301
- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
- Dendrinos, K., & Spais, G. (2024). An investigation of selected UTAUT constructs and consumption values of Gen Z and Gen X for mobile banking services and behavioral intentions to facilitate the adoption of mobile apps. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12(3), 492–522. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00271-1
- Diéguez, I. A., Albort-Morant, G., Oliver-Alfonso, M. D., & Ullah, S. (2024). Predicting the intention to use Paytech services by Islamic banking users. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-07-2022-0298
- Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
- Gharaibeh, M. K. (2024). Determinants affecting the intention to adopt financial technology. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(4), 2087–2096. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.6.022
- Graf-Vlachy, L., Buhtz, K., & König, A. (2018). Social influence in technology adoption: Taking stock and moving forward. Management Review Quarterly, 68, 37–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-017-0133-3
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R. In Classroom companion: Business (pp. 115–138). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_6
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
- Hamdan, N. H. B., Kassim, S. B., Azman, N. H. N., & Rahman, N. A. S. B. A. (2025). Consumers' behavioural intention to adopt Shari'ah-compliant digital gold platform in Malaysia: Extension of UTAUT model. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 11(1), 35–62. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v11i1.2035
- Harahap, D., Afandi, A., & Siregar, T. M. (2023). The Islamic banking customers' intention to use digital banking services: An Indonesian study. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 9(3), 533–558. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v9i3.1673
- Hassan, M. S., Islam, M. A., Abdullah, A. B. M., & Nasir, H. (2024). End-user perspectives on fintech services adoption in the Bangladesh insurance industry: The moderating role of trust. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 29(4), 1377–1395. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-024-00268-6
- Hassan, M. S., Islam, M. A., Yusof, M. F. bin, Nasir, H., & Huda, N. (2023). Investigating the determinants of Islamic mobile FinTech service acceptance: A modified UTAUT2 approach. Risks, 11(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11020040
- Hassan, S., Islam, A., Faizal, M., & Nasir, H. (2023). Users' fintech services acceptance: A cross-sectional study on Malaysian insurance & takaful industry. Heliyon, 9(11), e21130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21130
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
- Iqbal, U. P., Jose, S. M., & Tahir, M. (2023). Integrating trust with extended UTAUT model: A study on Islamic banking customers' m-banking adoption in the Maldives. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(7), 1836–1858. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2022-0030
- Jafri, J. A., Amin, S. I. M., Rahman, A. A., & Nor, S. M. (2024). A systematic literature review of the role of trust and security on Fintech adoption in banking. Heliyon, 10(1), e22980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22980
- Johari, M., Supiandi, S., & Loreño, D. T. (2025). Sharia meets digital finance: How innovativeness constructs influence Islamic Fintech adoption. STI Policy and Management Journal, 10(1), 56–71. https://doi.org/10.14203/stipm.2025.415
- Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. (2026). Jumlah penduduk menurut agama. Satu Data Kementerian Agama RI. https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama
- Khan, M. S., Rabbani, M. R., Hawaldar, I. T., & Bashar, A. (2022). Determinants of behavioral intentions to use Islamic financial technology: An empirical assessment. Risks, 10(6), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10060114
- Koo, M., & Yang, S. (2025). Likert-Type scale. Encyclopedia, 5(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5010018
- Kurucz, A., Vinkóczi, T., Tamás, B., & Idziak, E. (2025). Unveiling the future of FinTech: Exploring the behavioral intentions behind FinTech adoption. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(10), 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18100546
- Lisana, L. (2024). Understanding the key drivers in using mobile payment among Generation Z. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 15(1), 122–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-08-2021-0118
- Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734. https://www.jstor.org/stable/258792
- Muhamat, A. A., Ibrahim, M. A., Sardiana, A., Hendrayati, H., Ramdhan, N., & Bahrin, N. F. K. (2024). Understanding the impact of social and facilitating factors on drone adoption in the Takaful sector of Malaysia and Indonesia. Information Management and Business Review, 16(3S(I)a), 621–634. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i3s(i)a.4155
- Mustika, N., & Puspita, R. E. (2020). Analysis of factors influencing the intention to use Bank Syariah Indonesia mobile banking with trust as mediation. Dinar: Islamic Economics & Financial Journal, 7(2), 14–35. https://doi.org/10.21107/dinar.v7i2.9995
- Ojiaku, O. C., Ezenwafor, E. C., & Osarenkhoe, A. (2023). Integrating TTF and UTAUT models to illuminate factors that influence consumers' intentions to adopt financial technologies in an emerging country context. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 18(1), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTMKT.2024.135674
- Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023a). POJK Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2023 tentang pemisahan unit syariah perusahaan asuransi dan perusahaan reasuransi. https://ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Pages/Pemisahan-Unit-Syariah-Perusahaan-Asuransi-dan-Perusahaan-Reasuransi-(POJK-11-Tahun-2023).aspx
- Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023b). Roadmap for the development and strengthening of the Indonesian insurance industry 2023-2027. https://ojk.go.id/en/berita-dan-kegiatan/info-terkini/Pages/Roadmap-for-the-Development-and-Strengthening-of-the-Indonesia-Insurance-Industry-2023-2027.aspx
- Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024). Survei Nasional Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan (SNLIK) 2024. https://ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/OJK-dan-BPS-Umumkan-Hasil-Survei-Nasional-Literasi-dan-Inklusi-Keuangan-Tahun-2024.aspx
- Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2025). Siaran pers bersama: Indeks literasi dan inklusi keuangan masyarakat meningkat. https://ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/OJK-dan-BPS-Umumkan-Hasil-Survei-Nasional-Literasi-Dan-Inklusi-Keuangan-SNLIK-Tahun-2025.aspx
- Parveen, K., Obidallah, W. J., Phuc, T. Q. B., Alduraywish, Y. A., Alghamdi, A. A., & Shafiq, M. (2026). Exploring key predictors of ChatGPT adoption in higher education: Insights from UTAUT3 and ARCS model. BMC Psychology, 14, 397. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04042-2
- Poan, R., Merizka, V. E., & Komalasari, F. (2021). The importance of trust factor in the intentions to purchase Islamic insurance (takaful) in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(12), 2630–2648. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2021-0026
- Pramudita, E., Achmadi, H., & Nurhaida, H. (2023). Determinants of behavioral intention toward telemedicine services among Indonesian Gen-Z and Millennials: A PLS–SEM study on Alodokter application. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00336-6
- Purohit, S., Kaur, J., & Chaturvedi, S. (2022). Mobile payment adoption among youth: Generation Z and developing country perspective. Journal of Content, Community and Communication, 15(8), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.31620/JCCC.06.22/14
- Raza, S. A., Shah, N., & Ali, M. (2019). Acceptance of mobile banking in Islamic banks: Evidence from modified UTAUT model. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(1), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-0038
- Razak, S., Nasuka, M., Abdullah, I., & Raking, J. (2024). Factors influencing the behavioral intention to use Sharia securities as an investment option in Indonesia. International Journal of Business and Society, 25(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.6902.2024
- S., O. H. (2022). Building trust in the use of Sharia fintech services: A literature review. AL-FALAH: Journal of Islamic Economics, 7(2), 157–174. https://doi.org/10.29240/alfalah.v7i2.5278
- Saling Jaga. (n.d.). SalingJaga [Mobile app]. Google Play Store. Retrieved June 14, 2026, from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?hl=id&id=com.salingjaga.app
- Samsudeen, S. N., Selvaratnam, G., & Hayathu Mohamed, A. H. (2022). Intention to use mobile banking services: An Islamic banking customers' perspective from Sri Lanka. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(2), 410–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2019-0108
- Shah, N., Bhatti, M. K., Anwar, S., & Soomro, B. A. (2023). Intention to adopt Islamic finance through the mediation of attitudes towards Islamic finance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(6), 931–951. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2022-0205
- Srivastava, S., Mohta, A., & Shunmugasundaram, V. (2024). Adoption of digital payment FinTech service by Gen Y and Gen Z users: Evidence from India. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 26(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-07-2023-0110
- Sudarsono, H., Kholid, M. N., Trisanty, A., Shidiqie, J. S. A., & Suseno, P. (2022). Examining the adoption of mobile banking: Empirical evidence from Indonesian Muslim students. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(2).2022.12
- Suhartanto, D., Setiawan, S., & Safitri, F. M. (2025). AI-enabled brand experience and Sharia compliance in Islamic digital banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2025-0411
- Thaker, H. M. T., Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Khaliq, A., Allah Pitchay, A., & Iqbal Hussain, H. (2022). Behavioural intention and adoption of internet banking among clients of Islamic banks in Malaysia: An analysis using UTAUT2. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(5), 1171–1197. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2019-0228
- Trisanty, A., Haryanto, B., Sugiarto, C., & Wahyudi, L. (2024). Testing the role of skepticism in Islamic banks: Evidence from Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2364842. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2364842
- Usman, H., Projo, N. W. K., Chairy, C., & Haque, M. G. (2022). The exploration role of Sharia compliance in technology acceptance model for e-banking (case: Islamic bank in Indonesia). Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(5), 1089–1110. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2020-0230
- Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
- Wei, A., Abdul Talib, Y. Y., & Sharif, Z. (2025). Comparative analysis of digital health insurance platform adoption among urban–rural users: A UTAUT and financial literacy integration perspective. Digital Health, 11, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251346656
- Yu, C. W., Chao, C. M., Chang, C. F., Chen, R. J., Chen, P. C., & Liu, Y. X. (2021). Exploring behavioral intention to use a mobile health education website: An extension of the UTAUT 2 model. SAGE Open, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211055721
References
Abed, S. S., & Alkadi, R. S. (2024). Sustainable development through Fintech: Understanding the adoption of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) applications by Generation Z in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 16(15), 6368. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156368
Afifa, U. N., & Ratnasari, R. T. (2026). Extending UTAUT3 with Sharia value to predict SOTS adoption among Gen Z. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam, 12(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.20885/JEKI.vol12.iss1.art3
Ahmad, S. Y. T., & Hassan, R. (2025). Decoding FinTech uptake: The interplay of digital literacy, brand image, data security, and trust. Cureus Journal of Business and Economics. https://doi.org/10.7759/s44404-025-03865-3
Aisyah, M., & Sesunan, Y. S. (2023). Decision making on the use of a Sharia-based e-wallet by Indonesian consumers. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(4), 1739–1752. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.7.017
Aisyah, M., Sesunan, Y. S., & Wicaksono, A. T. S. (2025). Customers' trust in Islamic banking post-cyberattack leads to digital service breakdowns in Indonesia. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101530
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Al-Qudah, A. A., Al-Okaily, M., Shiyyab, F. S., Taha, A. A. D., Almajali, D. A., Masa'deh, R., & Warrad, L. H. (2024). Determinants of digital payment adoption among Generation Z: An empirical study. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(11), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17110521
Alam, A., Ratnasari, R. T., Qolbi, F. A., & Athief, F. H. N. (2022). Efficiency studies of the Sharia insurance industry: A systematic literature review. Insurance Markets and Companies, 13(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.21511/ins.13(1).2022.08
Ali, M., Raza, S. A., Khamis, B., Puah, C. H., & Amin, H. (2021). How perceived risk, benefit and trust determine user Fintech adoption: A new dimension for Islamic finance. Foresight, 23(4), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-09-2020-0095
Alruthaya, A., Nguyen, T.-T., & Lokuge, S. (2021). The application of digital technology and the learning characteristics of Generation Z in higher education. ACIS 2021 Proceedings, 65. https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2021/65
Alsmadi, A. A., & Omoush, K. S. Al. (2025). Adoption of Islamic Fintech: Exploring influential factors and the mediating role of Islamic work ethics. EuroMed Journal of Business. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-01-2025-0009
Amawate, V., & Deb, M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of consumer skepticism toward cause-related marketing: Gender as moderator and attitude as mediator. Journal of Marketing Communications, 27(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2019.1630663
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. (2024). Jumlah pengguna internet Indonesia tembus 221 juta orang. Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. https://apjii.or.id/berita/d/apjii-jumlah-pengguna-internet-indonesia-tembus-221-juta-orang
Ashfahany, A., Azzahra, F., Yayuli, & Unal, I. M. (2023). Intention to use Sharia e-commerce: Applying a combination of the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. Innovative Marketing, 19(2), 184–197. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.19(2).2023.15
Ashraf, M. A., & Lahsasna, A. (2017). Proposal for a new Sharīʿah risk rating approach for Islamic banks. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-008
Bakri, M. H., Almansoori, K. K. S. M., & Azlan, N. S. M. (2023). Determinants intention usage of Islamic E-Wallet among millennials. Global Business and Finance Review, 28(1), 11–32. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2023.28.1.11
Bayaga, A., & Plessis, A. du. (2024). Ramifications of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) among developing countries' higher education staffs. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 9689–9714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12194-6
Badan Pusat Statistik BPS. (2024). Jumlah penduduk menurut provinsi di Indonesia (Ribu Jiwa), 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. https://sulut.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/OTU4IzI=/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-provinsi-di-indonesia.html
Braun, A., & Jia, R. (2025). InsurTech: Digital technologies in insurance. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance: Issues and Practice, 50(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41288-024-00344-x
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
Chetioui, Y., El Bouchikhi, Y., Lebdaoui, H., Ennassiri, M., Jannah, H., Yunsi, G., Zhar, I., & Ghamas, A. (2024). Modeling the socio-economic factors affecting Islamic insurance adoption: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(3), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.16047
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cosma, S., & Rimo, G. (2024). Redefining insurance through technology: Achievements and perspectives in Insurtech. Research in International Business and Finance, 70(PA), 102301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102301
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Dendrinos, K., & Spais, G. (2024). An investigation of selected UTAUT constructs and consumption values of Gen Z and Gen X for mobile banking services and behavioral intentions to facilitate the adoption of mobile apps. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12(3), 492–522. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00271-1
Diéguez, I. A., Albort-Morant, G., Oliver-Alfonso, M. D., & Ullah, S. (2024). Predicting the intention to use Paytech services by Islamic banking users. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-07-2022-0298
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Gharaibeh, M. K. (2024). Determinants affecting the intention to adopt financial technology. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(4), 2087–2096. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.6.022
Graf-Vlachy, L., Buhtz, K., & König, A. (2018). Social influence in technology adoption: Taking stock and moving forward. Management Review Quarterly, 68, 37–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-017-0133-3
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R. In Classroom companion: Business (pp. 115–138). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_6
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Hamdan, N. H. B., Kassim, S. B., Azman, N. H. N., & Rahman, N. A. S. B. A. (2025). Consumers' behavioural intention to adopt Shari'ah-compliant digital gold platform in Malaysia: Extension of UTAUT model. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 11(1), 35–62. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v11i1.2035
Harahap, D., Afandi, A., & Siregar, T. M. (2023). The Islamic banking customers' intention to use digital banking services: An Indonesian study. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 9(3), 533–558. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v9i3.1673
Hassan, M. S., Islam, M. A., Abdullah, A. B. M., & Nasir, H. (2024). End-user perspectives on fintech services adoption in the Bangladesh insurance industry: The moderating role of trust. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 29(4), 1377–1395. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-024-00268-6
Hassan, M. S., Islam, M. A., Yusof, M. F. bin, Nasir, H., & Huda, N. (2023). Investigating the determinants of Islamic mobile FinTech service acceptance: A modified UTAUT2 approach. Risks, 11(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11020040
Hassan, S., Islam, A., Faizal, M., & Nasir, H. (2023). Users' fintech services acceptance: A cross-sectional study on Malaysian insurance & takaful industry. Heliyon, 9(11), e21130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21130
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Iqbal, U. P., Jose, S. M., & Tahir, M. (2023). Integrating trust with extended UTAUT model: A study on Islamic banking customers' m-banking adoption in the Maldives. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(7), 1836–1858. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2022-0030
Jafri, J. A., Amin, S. I. M., Rahman, A. A., & Nor, S. M. (2024). A systematic literature review of the role of trust and security on Fintech adoption in banking. Heliyon, 10(1), e22980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22980
Johari, M., Supiandi, S., & Loreño, D. T. (2025). Sharia meets digital finance: How innovativeness constructs influence Islamic Fintech adoption. STI Policy and Management Journal, 10(1), 56–71. https://doi.org/10.14203/stipm.2025.415
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. (2026). Jumlah penduduk menurut agama. Satu Data Kementerian Agama RI. https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama
Khan, M. S., Rabbani, M. R., Hawaldar, I. T., & Bashar, A. (2022). Determinants of behavioral intentions to use Islamic financial technology: An empirical assessment. Risks, 10(6), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10060114
Koo, M., & Yang, S. (2025). Likert-Type scale. Encyclopedia, 5(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5010018
Kurucz, A., Vinkóczi, T., Tamás, B., & Idziak, E. (2025). Unveiling the future of FinTech: Exploring the behavioral intentions behind FinTech adoption. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(10), 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18100546
Lisana, L. (2024). Understanding the key drivers in using mobile payment among Generation Z. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 15(1), 122–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-08-2021-0118
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734. https://www.jstor.org/stable/258792
Muhamat, A. A., Ibrahim, M. A., Sardiana, A., Hendrayati, H., Ramdhan, N., & Bahrin, N. F. K. (2024). Understanding the impact of social and facilitating factors on drone adoption in the Takaful sector of Malaysia and Indonesia. Information Management and Business Review, 16(3S(I)a), 621–634. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i3s(i)a.4155
Mustika, N., & Puspita, R. E. (2020). Analysis of factors influencing the intention to use Bank Syariah Indonesia mobile banking with trust as mediation. Dinar: Islamic Economics & Financial Journal, 7(2), 14–35. https://doi.org/10.21107/dinar.v7i2.9995
Ojiaku, O. C., Ezenwafor, E. C., & Osarenkhoe, A. (2023). Integrating TTF and UTAUT models to illuminate factors that influence consumers' intentions to adopt financial technologies in an emerging country context. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 18(1), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTMKT.2024.135674
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023a). POJK Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2023 tentang pemisahan unit syariah perusahaan asuransi dan perusahaan reasuransi. https://ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Pages/Pemisahan-Unit-Syariah-Perusahaan-Asuransi-dan-Perusahaan-Reasuransi-(POJK-11-Tahun-2023).aspx
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023b). Roadmap for the development and strengthening of the Indonesian insurance industry 2023-2027. https://ojk.go.id/en/berita-dan-kegiatan/info-terkini/Pages/Roadmap-for-the-Development-and-Strengthening-of-the-Indonesia-Insurance-Industry-2023-2027.aspx
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024). Survei Nasional Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan (SNLIK) 2024. https://ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/OJK-dan-BPS-Umumkan-Hasil-Survei-Nasional-Literasi-dan-Inklusi-Keuangan-Tahun-2024.aspx
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2025). Siaran pers bersama: Indeks literasi dan inklusi keuangan masyarakat meningkat. https://ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/OJK-dan-BPS-Umumkan-Hasil-Survei-Nasional-Literasi-Dan-Inklusi-Keuangan-SNLIK-Tahun-2025.aspx
Parveen, K., Obidallah, W. J., Phuc, T. Q. B., Alduraywish, Y. A., Alghamdi, A. A., & Shafiq, M. (2026). Exploring key predictors of ChatGPT adoption in higher education: Insights from UTAUT3 and ARCS model. BMC Psychology, 14, 397. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04042-2
Poan, R., Merizka, V. E., & Komalasari, F. (2021). The importance of trust factor in the intentions to purchase Islamic insurance (takaful) in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(12), 2630–2648. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2021-0026
Pramudita, E., Achmadi, H., & Nurhaida, H. (2023). Determinants of behavioral intention toward telemedicine services among Indonesian Gen-Z and Millennials: A PLS–SEM study on Alodokter application. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00336-6
Purohit, S., Kaur, J., & Chaturvedi, S. (2022). Mobile payment adoption among youth: Generation Z and developing country perspective. Journal of Content, Community and Communication, 15(8), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.31620/JCCC.06.22/14
Raza, S. A., Shah, N., & Ali, M. (2019). Acceptance of mobile banking in Islamic banks: Evidence from modified UTAUT model. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(1), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-0038
Razak, S., Nasuka, M., Abdullah, I., & Raking, J. (2024). Factors influencing the behavioral intention to use Sharia securities as an investment option in Indonesia. International Journal of Business and Society, 25(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.6902.2024
S., O. H. (2022). Building trust in the use of Sharia fintech services: A literature review. AL-FALAH: Journal of Islamic Economics, 7(2), 157–174. https://doi.org/10.29240/alfalah.v7i2.5278
Saling Jaga. (n.d.). SalingJaga [Mobile app]. Google Play Store. Retrieved June 14, 2026, from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?hl=id&id=com.salingjaga.app
Samsudeen, S. N., Selvaratnam, G., & Hayathu Mohamed, A. H. (2022). Intention to use mobile banking services: An Islamic banking customers' perspective from Sri Lanka. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(2), 410–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2019-0108
Shah, N., Bhatti, M. K., Anwar, S., & Soomro, B. A. (2023). Intention to adopt Islamic finance through the mediation of attitudes towards Islamic finance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(6), 931–951. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2022-0205
Srivastava, S., Mohta, A., & Shunmugasundaram, V. (2024). Adoption of digital payment FinTech service by Gen Y and Gen Z users: Evidence from India. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 26(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-07-2023-0110
Sudarsono, H., Kholid, M. N., Trisanty, A., Shidiqie, J. S. A., & Suseno, P. (2022). Examining the adoption of mobile banking: Empirical evidence from Indonesian Muslim students. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(2).2022.12
Suhartanto, D., Setiawan, S., & Safitri, F. M. (2025). AI-enabled brand experience and Sharia compliance in Islamic digital banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2025-0411
Thaker, H. M. T., Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Khaliq, A., Allah Pitchay, A., & Iqbal Hussain, H. (2022). Behavioural intention and adoption of internet banking among clients of Islamic banks in Malaysia: An analysis using UTAUT2. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(5), 1171–1197. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2019-0228
Trisanty, A., Haryanto, B., Sugiarto, C., & Wahyudi, L. (2024). Testing the role of skepticism in Islamic banks: Evidence from Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2364842. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2364842
Usman, H., Projo, N. W. K., Chairy, C., & Haque, M. G. (2022). The exploration role of Sharia compliance in technology acceptance model for e-banking (case: Islamic bank in Indonesia). Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(5), 1089–1110. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2020-0230
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Wei, A., Abdul Talib, Y. Y., & Sharif, Z. (2025). Comparative analysis of digital health insurance platform adoption among urban–rural users: A UTAUT and financial literacy integration perspective. Digital Health, 11, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251346656
Yu, C. W., Chao, C. M., Chang, C. F., Chen, R. J., Chen, P. C., & Liu, Y. X. (2021). Exploring behavioral intention to use a mobile health education website: An extension of the UTAUT 2 model. SAGE Open, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211055721