Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction
Organizational agility, a novel concept in the business domain, measures the speed and flexibility with which organizations can face inevitable disruptions, particularly among creative economy actors with a religious foundation.
Objectives
This study examines the causal relationship between organizational intelligence, religiosity, spirituality, and organizational agility.
Method
The study employed a multivariate associative hypothesis testing approach using path analysis to investigate the relationships among organizational agility (OA), organizational Intelligence (OI), religious commitment (RC), and spiritual well-being (SWB). Measurement instruments, including the agility capabilities scale, religious commitment scale, spiritual well-being scale, and organizational intelligence scale, were adapted and validated as psychometric tools within Indonesian society's specific cultural and behavioral context. The sample consisted of 150 creative economy actors involved in religious organizations and engaged in the fashion, culinary, and handicraft sectors. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics and SmartPLS.
Results
The findings indicate that religious commitment does not significantly impact organizational agility but positively and significantly influences organizational intelligence. Furthermore, organizational intelligence significantly contributes to organizational agility. However, spiritual well-being does not significantly influence organizational agility or intelligence.
Implications
These findings have implications for practitioners and decision-makers who want to develop successful business strategies in the religious-based creative economy sector. They emphasize the importance of religious commitment and the enhancement of spiritual values.
Originality/Novelty
This study contributes to the literature on organizational intelligence, religiosity, spirituality, and organizational agility in creative economy businesses.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Mujahid Quraisy, Anton Priyo Nugroho
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Aini, Q., Talib, S. G., Alghazali, T., Hussein, A. M., Sahi, Z. T., Kumar, T., Muda, I., Ram, írez-C. A. A., & Sunarsi, D. (2023). Spiritual intelligence, spiritual health and occupational stress in Islamic organisations. HTS : Theological Studies, 79(1), 8228. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8228
Aityassine, F. L. Y., Alzoubi, A., Al-Momani, A. M., Al-shanableh, N., Alajarmeh, N. S., Al-Majali, R. T., Alzyoud, M., Mohammad, A. A. S., Al-Hawary, S. I. S., & Alshurideh, M. T. (2024). The relationship between leadership agility and entrepreneurial resilience among Jordanian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In A. M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi, A. S. Aydiner, & M. Kanan (Eds.), Business analytical capabilities and artificial intelligence-enabled analytics: Applications and challenges in the digital era, Volume 2 (Vol. 1152, pp. 17–31). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57242-5_2
Albrecht, K. (2002). Organizational intelligence and knowledge management: Thinking outside the silos [The Executive Perspective]. https://karlalbrecht.com/readables/Albrecht-Organizational-Intelligence.pdf
Albuquerque, I. F., Cunha, R. C., Martins, L. D., & Sá, A. B. (2014). Primary health care services: Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-11-2012-0186
Almahamid, S. (2008). The role of agility and knowledge sharing on competitive advantage: An empirical investigation in manufacturing companies in Jordan. POMS 19th Annual Conference. https://www.pomsmeetings.org/confpapers/008/008-0079.pdf
Arsawan, I. W. E., De Hariyanti, N. K. S., Atmaja, I. M. A. D. S., Suhartanto, D., & Koval, V. (2022). Developing organizational agility in SMEs: An investigation of innovation’s roles and strategic flexibility. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030149
Bavarsad, B., Ahmadi, R., Rahimi, F., & Zamani, S. (2014). A study of the effect of organizational intelligence and spiritual intelligence on organizational health. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Research, 3(4), 317–327. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farajallah-Rahimi/publication/328124401_A_Study_of_the_Effect_of_Organizational_Intelligence_and_Spiritual_Intelligence_on_Organizational_Health/links/5bb8adaaa6fdcc9552d4e9ab/A-Study-of-the-Effect-of-Organizational-Intelligence-and-Spiritual-Intelligence-on-Organizational-Health.pdf
Bellon-Álvarez, L.-A. (2022). Organizational change in intelligent organizations: The collective effort. In J. Sánchez-Gutiérrez & T.-E. González-Alvarado (Eds.), Environmental, social and governance strategic approach for competitiveness (pp. 153–178). Universidad de Guadalajara. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tania-Gonzalez-Alvarado-2/publication/363127040_Environmental_Social_and_Governance_Approach_for_Competitiveness/links/630ec0015eed5e4bd1325b47/Environmental-Social-and-Governance-Approach-for-Competitiveness.pdf#page=156
Borup, J. (2018). Prosperous Buddhism, prosperity Buddhism, and religious capital. Numen, 65(2–3), 256–288. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341497
Dabić, M., Stojčić, N., Simić, M., Potocan, V., Slavković, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2021). Intellectual agility and innovation in micro and small businesses: The mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 123, 683–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.013
Daniels, P. L. (2010). Climate change, economics and Buddhism — Part 2: New views and practices for sustainable world economies. Ecological Economics, 69(5), 962–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.01.012
Davidson, J. D. (1975). Glock’s model of religious commitment: Assessing some different approaches and results. Review of Religious Research, 16(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.2307/3510518
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
Diener, E., Horwitz, J., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). Happiness of the very wealthy. Social Indicators Research, 16(3), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00415126
Dollahite, D. C., Marks, L. D., Babcock, K. P., Barrow, B. H., & Rose, A. H. (2019). Beyond religious rigidities: Religious firmness and religious flexibility as complementary loyalties in faith transmission. Religions, 10(2), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10020111
El-Menouar, Y. (2014). The five dimensions of Muslim religiosity. Results of an empirical study. Methods, Data, Analyses (Mda), 8(1), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.12758/MDA.2014.003
Fisher, J. W. (1998). Spiritual health: Its nature and place in the school curriculum [Doctoral thesis, The University of Melbourne]. https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/39206
Glock, C. Y. (1962). On the study of religious commitment. Religious Education, 57(Sup4), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/003440862057S407
Habibzade, S., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, Mohajeran, B., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, Ghaleei, A., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, Hasani, M., & Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. (2021). Structural analysis of the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between organizational agility and organizational intelligence with organizational performance (Case study: Northwest University Jihad Units). Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, 3(3), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.52547/ieepj.3.3.332
Hartono, S., Syafii, M. L., & Mislan, W. (2021). Islamic need for achievement based on adaptability to realize the performance of the Islamic cooperative HR in East Java, an Islamic leadership agility approach. ICONIS: International Conference on Islamic Studies, 5, 369–382. https://doi.org/10.19105/iconis.v5i1.59
He, Y. (2024). Artificial intelligence and religious freedom: Divergent paths converging on economic expansion. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02642-0
Herzog, P. S., King, D. P., Khader, R. A., Strohmeier, A., & Williams, A. L. (2020). Studying religiosity and spirituality: A review of macro, micro, and meso-level approaches. Religions, 11(9), 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11090437
Hohenschue, O., Riegel, U., & Zimmermann, M. (2022). Heterogeneity in religious commitment and its predictors. Religions, 13(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020139
Homayoun, S., Salehi, M., ArminKia, A., & Novakovic, V. (2024). The mediating effect of innovative performance on the relationship between the use of information technology and organizational agility in SMEs. Sustainability, 16(22), 9649. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229649
Institute for Corporate Productivity. (2021, July 16). The 5 cultural values that drive organizational agility [HTML]. Institute for Corporate Productivity (I4cp). https://www.i4cp.com/trendwatchers/2014/07/16/the-5-cultural-values-that-drive-organizational-agility
Ismail, H., & Al-Assa’ad, N. (2020). The impact of organizational intelligence on organizational agility: An empirical study in Syrian private banks. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2), 465–483. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i2/6944
Iswahyudi. (2019). Estetika dalam seni Islam menurut Sayyed Hossein Nasr [Aesthetics in Islamic art according to Sayyed Hossein Nasr]. Jurnal Budaya Nusantara, 3(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.36456/JBN.vol3.no1.2113
Jayasinghe, K., & Soobaroyen, T. (2009). Religious “spirit” and peoples’ perceptions of accountability in Hindu and Buddhist religious organizations. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 22(7), 997–1028. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570910987358
Joelle, M., & Coelho, A. (2019). Adding a new dimension to the spirituality at work concept: Scale development and the impacts on individual performance. Management Decision, 58(5), 982–996. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2017-0505
Jung, Y. (2009). An approach to organizational intelligence management (A framework for analyzing organizational intelligence within the construction process) [Doctoral thesis, Virginia Tech]. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28604
Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0251-5
Knoll, T. (2019). Organizational culture and agility: Organizational cultural setting in agile enterprises [Master’s thesis, Johannes Kepler University Linz]. http://epub.jku.at/obvulihs/4452125
Kucukcan, T. (2010). Multidimensional approach to religion: A way of looking at religious phenomena. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 4(10), Article 10. http://jsri.ro/ojs/index.php/jsri/article/view/225
Lepak, D. P., Smith, K. G., & Taylor, M. S. (2007). Value creation and value capture: A multilevel perspective. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.23464011
Lightfoot, M. (2011). Promoting the knowledge economy in the Arab World. Sage Open, 1(2), 2158244011417457. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244011417457
Likoi, A. A., Hutabarat, P., & Sihotang, R. (2024). Analisis kecerdasaran spiritual, stress kerja dan kesehatan mental [Analysis of spiritual intelligence, work stress and mental health]. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB), 6(2), 656–663. https://doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v6i2.9285
Miidom, D. F., Okoroafor, C. E. A., & Mabel, U. I. (2022). Organizational intelligence and corporate resilience. International Journal of Advanced Academic Researc, 8(3), 53–71. https://www.ijaar.org/articles/v8n3/sms/ijaar-v8n1-Jan22-p81918.pdf
Mikalef, P., & Pateli, A. (2017). Information technology-enabled dynamic capabilities and their indirect effect on competitive performance: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 70, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.09.004
Mohammaddi, E., & Boroomand, R. (2018). The relationship between cultural intelligence and spiritual intelligence with organizational commitment for principals of secondary schools. Academic Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(3), 241–255. http://worldofresearches.com/ojs-2.4.4-1/index.php/ajps/article/view/731
Moll, T. (2022). Exploring aspects of New Work: Spirituality at Work in agile organizations. Spiritual Care, 11(3), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1515/spircare-2021-0017
Möller, K., & Rajala, A. (2007). Rise of strategic nets—New modes of value creation. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(7), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2007.05.016
Moore, J. (2017). Spiritual well-being, intelligence, and job satisfaction among U.S. federal employees [Doctoral thesis, Walden University]. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4083
Nanthambwe, P. (2024). Church partnerships: A holistic approach to addressing social issues in South Africa. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 80(1), a10087. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v80i1.10087
Nasr, S. H. (1987). Islamic art and spirituality. SUNY Press.
Nordstokke, K. (2013). Diakonia and diaconate in the World Council of Churches. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 13(4), 286–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/1474225X.2013.867653
Obregon, S. L., Lopes, L. F. D., Kaczam, F., Da Veiga, C. P., & Da Silva, W. V. (2022). Religiosity, spirituality and work: A systematic literature review and research directions. Journal of Business Ethics, 179(2), 573–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04856-7
Oman, D. (2014). Defining religion and spirituality. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (Second edition, pp. 23–47). Guilford Press.
Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (2019). Spiritual well-being scale [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.1037/t00534-000
Pearce, L. D., Hayward, G. M., & Pearlman, J. A. (2017). Measuring five dimensions of religiosity across adolescence. Review of Religious Research, 59(3), 367–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-017-0291-8
Petry, J. F., Uchôa, A. G. F., Mendonça, M. B. D., Magalhães, K. D. L., & Benchimol, R. M. B. (2020). The creative economy: An ethnographic framework for handcrafts in the Alto Solimões region of the Brazilian Amazon. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(12), 1651–1667. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-04-2020-0262
Pillay, J. (2022). The significance of social justice and diakonia in the Reformed tradition. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(4), a7846. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7846
Prayukvong, W., & Foster, M. J. (2014). Buddhist economics meets corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 8(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2014.064120
Qader, M. A. A., Harahsheh, F., & Qulah, M. A. (2021). The role of organizational agility and its impact on achieving organizational commitment a field study: Jordan cement company. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils, 8(4), 2858–2876. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356139179_The_Role_of_Organizational_Agility_and_its_Impact_on_Achieving_Organizational_Commitment_a_Field_Study_Jordan_Cement_Company
Raeisi, N., & Amirnejad, Q. (2017). Investigating the effect of organizational leadership on organizational agility: Mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(1), 1154–1168. https://www.proquest.com/openview/13b92ab951e34e6fa4a74ecc6e2c024d/1
Rasouli, E., Soodi, S., & Jafarzadeh, Z. (2016). Studying the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational agility of employees of Payame Noor University of Sari. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 5(4), 426–432. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2016.60218
Rohmad, R., Talib, S. G., Aisyah, N., Mutlak, D. A., Dwijendra, N. K. A., & Hammid, A. T. (2022). The role of religious commitment in Islamic teachings in social responsibility of Iraqi Muslims. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i1.7836
Sackey, B. B., Yang, J., Quansah, P. E., Ekumah, C. A., Arboh, F., & Boadu, B. (2024). Internal marketing orientation and employee innovative behaviour: The mediating role of workforce agility and moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-01-2024-0063
Saeed, I., Khan, J., Zada, M., Ullah, R., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Contreras-Barraza, N. (2022). Towards examining the link between workplace spirituality and workforce agility: Exploring higher educational institutions. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 31–49. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S344651
Saroglou, V. (2011). Believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging: The Big Four religious dimensions and cultural variation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(8), 1320–1340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111412267
Schieman, S., Bierman, A., & Ellison, C. G. (2010). Religious involvement, beliefs about God, and the sense of mattering among older adults. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 49(3), 517–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01526.x
Schindehutte, M., Morris, M. H., & Kocak, A. (2008). Understanding market-driving behavior: The role of entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(1), 4–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00228.x
Sharifi, H., & Zhang, Z. (1999). A methodology for achieving agility in manufacturing organisations: An introduction. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1–2), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00217-5
Soleh, A. K. (2010). Konsep seni Islam Sayyid Husein Nasr [Sayyid Hussein Nasr’s concept of Islamic art]. El Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam, 12(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v0i0.441
Tracey, P. (2012). Religion and organization: A critical review of current trends and future directions. Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 87–134. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2012.660761
Tripathi, A., & Dhir, S. (2023). HRD interventions, learning agility and organizational innovation: A PLS-SEM modelling approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(6), 2322–2336. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2021-3064
Valipour, A., Hashemi Nekoo, A. R., & Haghighat Monfared, J. (2024). The impact of religious commitment on the components of entrepreneurship, productivity, flexibility, and emotional intelligence among students of Adib Mazandaran Higher Education Institute. International Journal of Education and Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijecs.4.4.7
Verbit, M. F. (1970). The components and dimensions of religious behavior: Toward a reconceptualization of religiosity. In P. E. Hammond & B. Johnson (Eds.), American mosaic: Social patterns of religion in the United States. Random House.
Wening, N., & Choerudin, A. (2015). The influence of religiosity towards organizational commitment, job satisfaction and personal performance. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 11(2), 181–191. http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-dfdfa05f-ed48-4860-b229-082303579517
Werner, D. (2023). The international discourse on ecumenical diaconia as a chance to strengthen the specific profile and potential of churches as actors of eco-social transformation—A German perspective. Religions, 14(4), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14040517
Yadav, P., & Punia, B. K. (2016). Emotionality does but spirituality does not: The effect of emotional and spiritual intelligence on organisational citizenship behaviour. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 12(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319510X16650058
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2004). Spiritual capital: Wealth we can live by. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
References
Aini, Q., Talib, S. G., Alghazali, T., Hussein, A. M., Sahi, Z. T., Kumar, T., Muda, I., Ram, írez-C. A. A., & Sunarsi, D. (2023). Spiritual intelligence, spiritual health and occupational stress in Islamic organisations. HTS : Theological Studies, 79(1), 8228. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8228
Aityassine, F. L. Y., Alzoubi, A., Al-Momani, A. M., Al-shanableh, N., Alajarmeh, N. S., Al-Majali, R. T., Alzyoud, M., Mohammad, A. A. S., Al-Hawary, S. I. S., & Alshurideh, M. T. (2024). The relationship between leadership agility and entrepreneurial resilience among Jordanian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In A. M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi, A. S. Aydiner, & M. Kanan (Eds.), Business analytical capabilities and artificial intelligence-enabled analytics: Applications and challenges in the digital era, Volume 2 (Vol. 1152, pp. 17–31). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57242-5_2
Albrecht, K. (2002). Organizational intelligence and knowledge management: Thinking outside the silos [The Executive Perspective]. https://karlalbrecht.com/readables/Albrecht-Organizational-Intelligence.pdf
Albuquerque, I. F., Cunha, R. C., Martins, L. D., & Sá, A. B. (2014). Primary health care services: Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-11-2012-0186
Almahamid, S. (2008). The role of agility and knowledge sharing on competitive advantage: An empirical investigation in manufacturing companies in Jordan. POMS 19th Annual Conference. https://www.pomsmeetings.org/confpapers/008/008-0079.pdf
Arsawan, I. W. E., De Hariyanti, N. K. S., Atmaja, I. M. A. D. S., Suhartanto, D., & Koval, V. (2022). Developing organizational agility in SMEs: An investigation of innovation’s roles and strategic flexibility. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030149
Bavarsad, B., Ahmadi, R., Rahimi, F., & Zamani, S. (2014). A study of the effect of organizational intelligence and spiritual intelligence on organizational health. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Research, 3(4), 317–327. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farajallah-Rahimi/publication/328124401_A_Study_of_the_Effect_of_Organizational_Intelligence_and_Spiritual_Intelligence_on_Organizational_Health/links/5bb8adaaa6fdcc9552d4e9ab/A-Study-of-the-Effect-of-Organizational-Intelligence-and-Spiritual-Intelligence-on-Organizational-Health.pdf
Bellon-Álvarez, L.-A. (2022). Organizational change in intelligent organizations: The collective effort. In J. Sánchez-Gutiérrez & T.-E. González-Alvarado (Eds.), Environmental, social and governance strategic approach for competitiveness (pp. 153–178). Universidad de Guadalajara. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tania-Gonzalez-Alvarado-2/publication/363127040_Environmental_Social_and_Governance_Approach_for_Competitiveness/links/630ec0015eed5e4bd1325b47/Environmental-Social-and-Governance-Approach-for-Competitiveness.pdf#page=156
Borup, J. (2018). Prosperous Buddhism, prosperity Buddhism, and religious capital. Numen, 65(2–3), 256–288. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341497
Dabić, M., Stojčić, N., Simić, M., Potocan, V., Slavković, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2021). Intellectual agility and innovation in micro and small businesses: The mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 123, 683–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.013
Daniels, P. L. (2010). Climate change, economics and Buddhism — Part 2: New views and practices for sustainable world economies. Ecological Economics, 69(5), 962–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.01.012
Davidson, J. D. (1975). Glock’s model of religious commitment: Assessing some different approaches and results. Review of Religious Research, 16(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.2307/3510518
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
Diener, E., Horwitz, J., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). Happiness of the very wealthy. Social Indicators Research, 16(3), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00415126
Dollahite, D. C., Marks, L. D., Babcock, K. P., Barrow, B. H., & Rose, A. H. (2019). Beyond religious rigidities: Religious firmness and religious flexibility as complementary loyalties in faith transmission. Religions, 10(2), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10020111
El-Menouar, Y. (2014). The five dimensions of Muslim religiosity. Results of an empirical study. Methods, Data, Analyses (Mda), 8(1), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.12758/MDA.2014.003
Fisher, J. W. (1998). Spiritual health: Its nature and place in the school curriculum [Doctoral thesis, The University of Melbourne]. https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/39206
Glock, C. Y. (1962). On the study of religious commitment. Religious Education, 57(Sup4), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/003440862057S407
Habibzade, S., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, Mohajeran, B., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, Ghaleei, A., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, Hasani, M., & Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. (2021). Structural analysis of the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between organizational agility and organizational intelligence with organizational performance (Case study: Northwest University Jihad Units). Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, 3(3), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.52547/ieepj.3.3.332
Hartono, S., Syafii, M. L., & Mislan, W. (2021). Islamic need for achievement based on adaptability to realize the performance of the Islamic cooperative HR in East Java, an Islamic leadership agility approach. ICONIS: International Conference on Islamic Studies, 5, 369–382. https://doi.org/10.19105/iconis.v5i1.59
He, Y. (2024). Artificial intelligence and religious freedom: Divergent paths converging on economic expansion. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02642-0
Herzog, P. S., King, D. P., Khader, R. A., Strohmeier, A., & Williams, A. L. (2020). Studying religiosity and spirituality: A review of macro, micro, and meso-level approaches. Religions, 11(9), 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11090437
Hohenschue, O., Riegel, U., & Zimmermann, M. (2022). Heterogeneity in religious commitment and its predictors. Religions, 13(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020139
Homayoun, S., Salehi, M., ArminKia, A., & Novakovic, V. (2024). The mediating effect of innovative performance on the relationship between the use of information technology and organizational agility in SMEs. Sustainability, 16(22), 9649. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229649
Institute for Corporate Productivity. (2021, July 16). The 5 cultural values that drive organizational agility [HTML]. Institute for Corporate Productivity (I4cp). https://www.i4cp.com/trendwatchers/2014/07/16/the-5-cultural-values-that-drive-organizational-agility
Ismail, H., & Al-Assa’ad, N. (2020). The impact of organizational intelligence on organizational agility: An empirical study in Syrian private banks. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2), 465–483. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i2/6944
Iswahyudi. (2019). Estetika dalam seni Islam menurut Sayyed Hossein Nasr [Aesthetics in Islamic art according to Sayyed Hossein Nasr]. Jurnal Budaya Nusantara, 3(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.36456/JBN.vol3.no1.2113
Jayasinghe, K., & Soobaroyen, T. (2009). Religious “spirit” and peoples’ perceptions of accountability in Hindu and Buddhist religious organizations. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 22(7), 997–1028. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570910987358
Joelle, M., & Coelho, A. (2019). Adding a new dimension to the spirituality at work concept: Scale development and the impacts on individual performance. Management Decision, 58(5), 982–996. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2017-0505
Jung, Y. (2009). An approach to organizational intelligence management (A framework for analyzing organizational intelligence within the construction process) [Doctoral thesis, Virginia Tech]. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28604
Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0251-5
Knoll, T. (2019). Organizational culture and agility: Organizational cultural setting in agile enterprises [Master’s thesis, Johannes Kepler University Linz]. http://epub.jku.at/obvulihs/4452125
Kucukcan, T. (2010). Multidimensional approach to religion: A way of looking at religious phenomena. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 4(10), Article 10. http://jsri.ro/ojs/index.php/jsri/article/view/225
Lepak, D. P., Smith, K. G., & Taylor, M. S. (2007). Value creation and value capture: A multilevel perspective. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.23464011
Lightfoot, M. (2011). Promoting the knowledge economy in the Arab World. Sage Open, 1(2), 2158244011417457. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244011417457
Likoi, A. A., Hutabarat, P., & Sihotang, R. (2024). Analisis kecerdasaran spiritual, stress kerja dan kesehatan mental [Analysis of spiritual intelligence, work stress and mental health]. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB), 6(2), 656–663. https://doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v6i2.9285
Miidom, D. F., Okoroafor, C. E. A., & Mabel, U. I. (2022). Organizational intelligence and corporate resilience. International Journal of Advanced Academic Researc, 8(3), 53–71. https://www.ijaar.org/articles/v8n3/sms/ijaar-v8n1-Jan22-p81918.pdf
Mikalef, P., & Pateli, A. (2017). Information technology-enabled dynamic capabilities and their indirect effect on competitive performance: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 70, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.09.004
Mohammaddi, E., & Boroomand, R. (2018). The relationship between cultural intelligence and spiritual intelligence with organizational commitment for principals of secondary schools. Academic Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(3), 241–255. http://worldofresearches.com/ojs-2.4.4-1/index.php/ajps/article/view/731
Moll, T. (2022). Exploring aspects of New Work: Spirituality at Work in agile organizations. Spiritual Care, 11(3), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1515/spircare-2021-0017
Möller, K., & Rajala, A. (2007). Rise of strategic nets—New modes of value creation. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(7), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2007.05.016
Moore, J. (2017). Spiritual well-being, intelligence, and job satisfaction among U.S. federal employees [Doctoral thesis, Walden University]. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4083
Nanthambwe, P. (2024). Church partnerships: A holistic approach to addressing social issues in South Africa. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 80(1), a10087. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v80i1.10087
Nasr, S. H. (1987). Islamic art and spirituality. SUNY Press.
Nordstokke, K. (2013). Diakonia and diaconate in the World Council of Churches. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 13(4), 286–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/1474225X.2013.867653
Obregon, S. L., Lopes, L. F. D., Kaczam, F., Da Veiga, C. P., & Da Silva, W. V. (2022). Religiosity, spirituality and work: A systematic literature review and research directions. Journal of Business Ethics, 179(2), 573–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04856-7
Oman, D. (2014). Defining religion and spirituality. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (Second edition, pp. 23–47). Guilford Press.
Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (2019). Spiritual well-being scale [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.1037/t00534-000
Pearce, L. D., Hayward, G. M., & Pearlman, J. A. (2017). Measuring five dimensions of religiosity across adolescence. Review of Religious Research, 59(3), 367–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-017-0291-8
Petry, J. F., Uchôa, A. G. F., Mendonça, M. B. D., Magalhães, K. D. L., & Benchimol, R. M. B. (2020). The creative economy: An ethnographic framework for handcrafts in the Alto Solimões region of the Brazilian Amazon. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(12), 1651–1667. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-04-2020-0262
Pillay, J. (2022). The significance of social justice and diakonia in the Reformed tradition. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(4), a7846. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7846
Prayukvong, W., & Foster, M. J. (2014). Buddhist economics meets corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 8(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2014.064120
Qader, M. A. A., Harahsheh, F., & Qulah, M. A. (2021). The role of organizational agility and its impact on achieving organizational commitment a field study: Jordan cement company. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils, 8(4), 2858–2876. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356139179_The_Role_of_Organizational_Agility_and_its_Impact_on_Achieving_Organizational_Commitment_a_Field_Study_Jordan_Cement_Company
Raeisi, N., & Amirnejad, Q. (2017). Investigating the effect of organizational leadership on organizational agility: Mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(1), 1154–1168. https://www.proquest.com/openview/13b92ab951e34e6fa4a74ecc6e2c024d/1
Rasouli, E., Soodi, S., & Jafarzadeh, Z. (2016). Studying the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational agility of employees of Payame Noor University of Sari. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 5(4), 426–432. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2016.60218
Rohmad, R., Talib, S. G., Aisyah, N., Mutlak, D. A., Dwijendra, N. K. A., & Hammid, A. T. (2022). The role of religious commitment in Islamic teachings in social responsibility of Iraqi Muslims. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i1.7836
Sackey, B. B., Yang, J., Quansah, P. E., Ekumah, C. A., Arboh, F., & Boadu, B. (2024). Internal marketing orientation and employee innovative behaviour: The mediating role of workforce agility and moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-01-2024-0063
Saeed, I., Khan, J., Zada, M., Ullah, R., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Contreras-Barraza, N. (2022). Towards examining the link between workplace spirituality and workforce agility: Exploring higher educational institutions. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 31–49. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S344651
Saroglou, V. (2011). Believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging: The Big Four religious dimensions and cultural variation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(8), 1320–1340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111412267
Schieman, S., Bierman, A., & Ellison, C. G. (2010). Religious involvement, beliefs about God, and the sense of mattering among older adults. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 49(3), 517–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01526.x
Schindehutte, M., Morris, M. H., & Kocak, A. (2008). Understanding market-driving behavior: The role of entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(1), 4–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00228.x
Sharifi, H., & Zhang, Z. (1999). A methodology for achieving agility in manufacturing organisations: An introduction. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1–2), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00217-5
Soleh, A. K. (2010). Konsep seni Islam Sayyid Husein Nasr [Sayyid Hussein Nasr’s concept of Islamic art]. El Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam, 12(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v0i0.441
Tracey, P. (2012). Religion and organization: A critical review of current trends and future directions. Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 87–134. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2012.660761
Tripathi, A., & Dhir, S. (2023). HRD interventions, learning agility and organizational innovation: A PLS-SEM modelling approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(6), 2322–2336. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2021-3064
Valipour, A., Hashemi Nekoo, A. R., & Haghighat Monfared, J. (2024). The impact of religious commitment on the components of entrepreneurship, productivity, flexibility, and emotional intelligence among students of Adib Mazandaran Higher Education Institute. International Journal of Education and Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijecs.4.4.7
Verbit, M. F. (1970). The components and dimensions of religious behavior: Toward a reconceptualization of religiosity. In P. E. Hammond & B. Johnson (Eds.), American mosaic: Social patterns of religion in the United States. Random House.
Wening, N., & Choerudin, A. (2015). The influence of religiosity towards organizational commitment, job satisfaction and personal performance. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 11(2), 181–191. http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-dfdfa05f-ed48-4860-b229-082303579517
Werner, D. (2023). The international discourse on ecumenical diaconia as a chance to strengthen the specific profile and potential of churches as actors of eco-social transformation—A German perspective. Religions, 14(4), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14040517
Yadav, P., & Punia, B. K. (2016). Emotionality does but spirituality does not: The effect of emotional and spiritual intelligence on organisational citizenship behaviour. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 12(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319510X16650058
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2004). Spiritual capital: Wealth we can live by. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.