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Abstract
Introduction
The Muslim community is making several efforts to reuse the dinar and dirham for transactions and other purposes in the current era.
Objectives
This research examines the phenomenon of reusing dinar and dirham as alternative financial instruments in the South Kalimantan region. It aims to reveal the reasons behind the reuse of dinar and dirham and the form of activities carried out by the movement carried out by the contemporary Muslim community.
Method
This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study on Komunitas Muamalah Kalsel, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation studies.
Results
The results show that the main reason for using dinar and dirham is theological, namely an effort to restore more authentic economic practices according to Islamic teachings, with legitimacy from local clerical figures. The results also reveal the existence of a unique alms distribution model through Pasar Muamalah, which exchanges fiat money into dirhams to be distributed to underprivileged communities. The results also identified three critical aspects of a faith-based financial system, namely (1) the stability of the intrinsic value of precious metals, (2) criticism of the fiat-based financial system that is prone to inflation, and (3) efforts to uphold the principle of economic justice in transactions.
Implications
The Muslim community can consider reusing dinar and dirham to maintain the religious and economic aspects of their daily transactions.
Originality/Novelty
This study contributes to better understanding of application of dinar and dirham in modern society.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Yulia Hafizah, Erissa Nilasari, Moh. Iqbal Assyauqi
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References
Abd Kodir, M. A. (2017). Mekanisme penggunaan dinar dan dirham di Negeri Kelantan Malaysia [Bachelor’s thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry]. http://library.ar-raniry.ac.id
Abdullah, A. (2016). An Islamic monetary theory of value and equation of exchange: Evidence from Egypt (696-1517). Humanomics, 32(2), 121–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-12-2015-0090
Abdullah, A. (2020). The Islamic monetary standard: The dinar and dirham. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 6(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.659330
Achyar, M., Fahmi, C., & Sholihin, R. (2024). Islamic law review of monopoly practices in modern economics. Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 5(2), 288–308. https://doi.org/10.22373/al-mudharabah.v5i2.6545
Ahmadi, R., Hefni, W., & Nafis, M. M. (2022). Between sunnah currency and sufi doctrine: Mediating and negotiating the gold dinar and silver dirham on digital platforms by the Indonesian Murabitun. Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf Dan Pemikiran Islam, 12(2), 232–254. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.232-254
Ahmed, A. (2010). Global financial crisis: An Islamic finance perspective. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 3(4), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391011093252
Bacharach, J. L. (2010). Signs of sovereignty: The “shahāda,” Qurʾanic verses, and the coinage of ʿAbd al-Malik. Muqarnas, 27, 1–30. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25769690
Busni, D., Sumanti, E., Witro, D., & Alghani, R. (2024). Barter in the modern era: Study of buying and selling rice fields with rice fields from Sharia economic law perspective in Tanjung Pauh Mudik Village. Al-Huquq: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Economic Law, 6(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.19105/alhuquq.v6i1.12084
Butler, S. (2022). The philosophy of Bitcoin and the question of money. Theory, Culture & Society, 39(5), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764211049826
Chalmers, I. (2009). Intersecting Islamic and ethnic identities in Kalimantan, Indonesia. In D. Bennett, J. Earnest, & M. Tanji (Eds.), People, place, and power: Australia and the Asia Pacific (pp. 80–110). Black Swan Press. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/43171
Dyarini, D. (2017). Domination ribawi transactions in the economy. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 5(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.46899/jeps.v5i1.163
Friedman, M. (1986). Monetary policy in a fiat world. Contemporary Economic Policy, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1986.tb00827.x
Friedman, M., & Schwartz, A. J. (1986). Has government any role in money? Journal of Monetary Economics, 17(1), 37–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(86)90005-X
Harahap, D. (2014). Analisis stabilitas dinar emas dan Dolar AS dalam denominasi Rupiah [Stability analysis of gold dinar and US Dollar denominated in Rupiah]. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 6(2), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v6i2.1235
Islahi, A. A. (2013). Economic and financial crises in fifteenth-century Egypt: Lessons from the history. Islamic Economic Studies, 21, 71–94. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3158626
Ismail, M. (2021, February 15). Kekonyolan penangkapan Zaim Saidi [The ridiculousness of Zaim Saidi’s arrest] [HTML]. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/kolom/kekonyolan-penangkapan-penggagas-pasar-muamalah-zaim-saidi--854451
Ismail, M., Kosasih, D. K., Kurniawan, E., & Saidi, Z. (2022). Dinar dirham hakim yang adil: Pledoi kasus Pasar Muamalah [Dinar dirham is a just judge: Muamalah Market case pledoi]. Pustaka Adina.
Johansen, P., & Natsir, M. (with A. Setiadi, Y.). (2020). Bapanduk (sistem barter) di Pasar Terapung Lok Baintan Kabupaten Banjar [Bapanduk (barter system) at Lok Baintan Floating Market, Banjar Regency] (I. Irsam Mujib & A. Ruhimat, Eds.). Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kalimantan Barat. http://www.pustaka-bpkxii.org/slims/index.php?p=show_detail&id=5143&keywords=bapanduk
Kaufmann, K., & Peil, C. (2020). The mobile instant messaging interview (MIMI): Using WhatsApp to enhance self-reporting and explore media usage in situ. Mobile Media & Communication, 8(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157919852392
Kulsum, S. U. (2022). Analisis hukum terhadap transaksi muamalah dengan menggunakan dinar dan dirham di Indonesia [Legal analysis of muamalah transactions using dinars and dirhams in Indonesia]. Jurnal Sosial Dan Sains, 2(2), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v2i2.351
Kurniawan, A. (2022). Legalitas dinar dan dirham sebagai alat tukar yang sah pada transaksi jual beli di Pasar Muamalah Indonesia (Studi putusan perkara No. 202/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Dpk) [The legality of dinar and dirham as legal tender in buying and selling transactions in the Indonesian Muamalah Market (Study of case verdict No. 202/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Dpk)]. QANUN: Journal of Islamic Laws and Studies, 1(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.58738/qanun.v1i1.35
Latimer, P., & Duffy, M. (2019). Deconstructing digital currency and its risks: Why ASIC must rise to the regulatory challenge. Federal Law Review, 47(1), 121–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0067205X18816237
Lee, G. H. Y. (2011). Gold dinar for the Islamic countries? Economic Modelling, 28(4), 1573–1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.02.005
Masduqi, Z. (2012). Penggunaan dinar-dirham dan fulus: Upaya menggali tradisi yang hilang (Studi kasus di wilayah Cirebon) [The use of dinar-dirham and fulus: An attempt to unearth a lost tradition (Case study in the Cirebon region)]. Holistik: Journal for Islamic Social Sciences, 13(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.24235/holistik.v13i2.103
Nur, M. R. (2021). Reforming the Islamic economic and administration system during the Umayyad Dynasty. Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v11i1.370
Pangestu, B. A. S., & Hermono, B. (2023). Analisis yuridis penggunaan koin emas dinar dan koin perak dirham sebagai alat tukar di Pasar Muamalah Depok [Juridical analysis of the use of dinar gold coins and dirham silver coins as a medium of exchange in Depok Muamalah Market]. Novum: Jurnal Hukum, 10(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.2674/novum.v0i0.50301
Rahmadi, R., Husaini, A. M., & Abdul, W. (2012). Islam Banjar: Dinamika dan tipologi pemikiran tauhid, fiqih dan tasawuf [Banjar Islam: Dynamics and typology of tawhid, fiqh and tasawwuf thought] (R. Rahmadi, Ed.). https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/10684/
Ross, J., & Bettenay, L. (2024). Gold and silver: Relative values in the ancient past. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 34(3), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774323000355
Royani, R., & Athoillah, M. A. (2023). Karakteristik dan landasan hukum pasar: Analisis efistimologis dan metodologis hukum ekonomi syariah [Characteristics and legal basis of the market: An epistemological and methodological analysis of Islamic economic law]. Al-Kharaj : Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 6(2), 941–954. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v6i2.3607
Sahrani, S., Nabir, A. M., Rahmatullah, R., & Wahid, S. H. (2021). Peluang penggunaan dinar sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia dari perspektif fenomenologi [Opportunities for using dinar as a means of payment in Indonesia from a phenomenological perspective]. Jurnal Asy-Syarikah: Jurnal Lembaga Keuangan, Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 3(2), 104–117. https://doi.org/10.47435/asy-syarikah.v3i2.685
Schenk, C. R. (2013). The global gold market and the international monetary system. In S. Bott (Ed.), The global gold market and the international monetary system from the Late 19th Century to the present (pp. 17–38). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137306715_2
Shifa, M., Amalia, A., Abd.Majid, M. S., & Marliyah, M. (2022). Penggunaan mata uang dinar dan dirham sebagai solusi prediksi krisis moneter di Indonesia [The use of dinar and dirham currencies as a solution to predict the monetary crisis in Indonesia]. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(6), 2321–2338. https://doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v4i6.992
Sifat, I. M., & Mohamad, A. (2018). From metal to paper: Validating paper money from Islamic perspective. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 34(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-06-2017-0090
Surahman, S. (2016). Analisis kekuatan dinar dan dirham sebagai mata uang anti krisis [Analysis of the power of dinar and dirham as anti-crisis currencies]. JEBI (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam), 1(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.15548/jebi.v1i2.30
Suwandi, S., Shafiai, M. H. M., & Wan Abdullah, W. N. N. (2018). Pasar Islam (Kajian al-Quran dan Sunnah Rasulullah SAW) [The Islamic Market (A Study of the Qur’an and Sunnah of the Prophet)]. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 16(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v16i01.341
Wasserstein, D. J. (1993). Coins as agents of cultural definition in Islam. Poetics Today, 14(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.2307/1773121
Yaacob, S. E. (2012). The reality of gold dinar application in Malaysia. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 341–347. https://www.aensiweb.com/old/anas/2012/341-347.pdf
Yaacob, S. E., Mujani, W. K., Nasohah, Z., Kusrin, Z. M., & Samuri, M. A.-A. (2012). Gold dinar as a supreme currency: Review based on the history of Islamic civilisation. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 348–357.
Yuliani, H., & Suryadi, K. (2017). Local wisdom values as the foundation of civic disposition in the ethnic community of Banjar. Al-Mabsut : Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial, 11(2), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v11i2.266
Yusuf, M.-B. O., Ghani, G. M., & Meera, A. K. M. (2013). The challenges of implementing gold dinar in Kelantan: An empirical analysis. Institutions and Economies, 5(3), 97–114. https://mjes.um.edu.my/index.php/ijie/article/view/4914
References
Abd Kodir, M. A. (2017). Mekanisme penggunaan dinar dan dirham di Negeri Kelantan Malaysia [Bachelor’s thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry]. http://library.ar-raniry.ac.id
Abdullah, A. (2016). An Islamic monetary theory of value and equation of exchange: Evidence from Egypt (696-1517). Humanomics, 32(2), 121–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-12-2015-0090
Abdullah, A. (2020). The Islamic monetary standard: The dinar and dirham. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 6(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.659330
Achyar, M., Fahmi, C., & Sholihin, R. (2024). Islamic law review of monopoly practices in modern economics. Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 5(2), 288–308. https://doi.org/10.22373/al-mudharabah.v5i2.6545
Ahmadi, R., Hefni, W., & Nafis, M. M. (2022). Between sunnah currency and sufi doctrine: Mediating and negotiating the gold dinar and silver dirham on digital platforms by the Indonesian Murabitun. Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf Dan Pemikiran Islam, 12(2), 232–254. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.232-254
Ahmed, A. (2010). Global financial crisis: An Islamic finance perspective. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 3(4), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391011093252
Bacharach, J. L. (2010). Signs of sovereignty: The “shahāda,” Qurʾanic verses, and the coinage of ʿAbd al-Malik. Muqarnas, 27, 1–30. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25769690
Busni, D., Sumanti, E., Witro, D., & Alghani, R. (2024). Barter in the modern era: Study of buying and selling rice fields with rice fields from Sharia economic law perspective in Tanjung Pauh Mudik Village. Al-Huquq: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Economic Law, 6(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.19105/alhuquq.v6i1.12084
Butler, S. (2022). The philosophy of Bitcoin and the question of money. Theory, Culture & Society, 39(5), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764211049826
Chalmers, I. (2009). Intersecting Islamic and ethnic identities in Kalimantan, Indonesia. In D. Bennett, J. Earnest, & M. Tanji (Eds.), People, place, and power: Australia and the Asia Pacific (pp. 80–110). Black Swan Press. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/43171
Dyarini, D. (2017). Domination ribawi transactions in the economy. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 5(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.46899/jeps.v5i1.163
Friedman, M. (1986). Monetary policy in a fiat world. Contemporary Economic Policy, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1986.tb00827.x
Friedman, M., & Schwartz, A. J. (1986). Has government any role in money? Journal of Monetary Economics, 17(1), 37–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(86)90005-X
Harahap, D. (2014). Analisis stabilitas dinar emas dan Dolar AS dalam denominasi Rupiah [Stability analysis of gold dinar and US Dollar denominated in Rupiah]. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 6(2), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v6i2.1235
Islahi, A. A. (2013). Economic and financial crises in fifteenth-century Egypt: Lessons from the history. Islamic Economic Studies, 21, 71–94. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3158626
Ismail, M. (2021, February 15). Kekonyolan penangkapan Zaim Saidi [The ridiculousness of Zaim Saidi’s arrest] [HTML]. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/kolom/kekonyolan-penangkapan-penggagas-pasar-muamalah-zaim-saidi--854451
Ismail, M., Kosasih, D. K., Kurniawan, E., & Saidi, Z. (2022). Dinar dirham hakim yang adil: Pledoi kasus Pasar Muamalah [Dinar dirham is a just judge: Muamalah Market case pledoi]. Pustaka Adina.
Johansen, P., & Natsir, M. (with A. Setiadi, Y.). (2020). Bapanduk (sistem barter) di Pasar Terapung Lok Baintan Kabupaten Banjar [Bapanduk (barter system) at Lok Baintan Floating Market, Banjar Regency] (I. Irsam Mujib & A. Ruhimat, Eds.). Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kalimantan Barat. http://www.pustaka-bpkxii.org/slims/index.php?p=show_detail&id=5143&keywords=bapanduk
Kaufmann, K., & Peil, C. (2020). The mobile instant messaging interview (MIMI): Using WhatsApp to enhance self-reporting and explore media usage in situ. Mobile Media & Communication, 8(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157919852392
Kulsum, S. U. (2022). Analisis hukum terhadap transaksi muamalah dengan menggunakan dinar dan dirham di Indonesia [Legal analysis of muamalah transactions using dinars and dirhams in Indonesia]. Jurnal Sosial Dan Sains, 2(2), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v2i2.351
Kurniawan, A. (2022). Legalitas dinar dan dirham sebagai alat tukar yang sah pada transaksi jual beli di Pasar Muamalah Indonesia (Studi putusan perkara No. 202/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Dpk) [The legality of dinar and dirham as legal tender in buying and selling transactions in the Indonesian Muamalah Market (Study of case verdict No. 202/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Dpk)]. QANUN: Journal of Islamic Laws and Studies, 1(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.58738/qanun.v1i1.35
Latimer, P., & Duffy, M. (2019). Deconstructing digital currency and its risks: Why ASIC must rise to the regulatory challenge. Federal Law Review, 47(1), 121–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0067205X18816237
Lee, G. H. Y. (2011). Gold dinar for the Islamic countries? Economic Modelling, 28(4), 1573–1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.02.005
Masduqi, Z. (2012). Penggunaan dinar-dirham dan fulus: Upaya menggali tradisi yang hilang (Studi kasus di wilayah Cirebon) [The use of dinar-dirham and fulus: An attempt to unearth a lost tradition (Case study in the Cirebon region)]. Holistik: Journal for Islamic Social Sciences, 13(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.24235/holistik.v13i2.103
Nur, M. R. (2021). Reforming the Islamic economic and administration system during the Umayyad Dynasty. Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v11i1.370
Pangestu, B. A. S., & Hermono, B. (2023). Analisis yuridis penggunaan koin emas dinar dan koin perak dirham sebagai alat tukar di Pasar Muamalah Depok [Juridical analysis of the use of dinar gold coins and dirham silver coins as a medium of exchange in Depok Muamalah Market]. Novum: Jurnal Hukum, 10(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.2674/novum.v0i0.50301
Rahmadi, R., Husaini, A. M., & Abdul, W. (2012). Islam Banjar: Dinamika dan tipologi pemikiran tauhid, fiqih dan tasawuf [Banjar Islam: Dynamics and typology of tawhid, fiqh and tasawwuf thought] (R. Rahmadi, Ed.). https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/10684/
Ross, J., & Bettenay, L. (2024). Gold and silver: Relative values in the ancient past. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 34(3), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774323000355
Royani, R., & Athoillah, M. A. (2023). Karakteristik dan landasan hukum pasar: Analisis efistimologis dan metodologis hukum ekonomi syariah [Characteristics and legal basis of the market: An epistemological and methodological analysis of Islamic economic law]. Al-Kharaj : Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 6(2), 941–954. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v6i2.3607
Sahrani, S., Nabir, A. M., Rahmatullah, R., & Wahid, S. H. (2021). Peluang penggunaan dinar sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia dari perspektif fenomenologi [Opportunities for using dinar as a means of payment in Indonesia from a phenomenological perspective]. Jurnal Asy-Syarikah: Jurnal Lembaga Keuangan, Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 3(2), 104–117. https://doi.org/10.47435/asy-syarikah.v3i2.685
Schenk, C. R. (2013). The global gold market and the international monetary system. In S. Bott (Ed.), The global gold market and the international monetary system from the Late 19th Century to the present (pp. 17–38). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137306715_2
Shifa, M., Amalia, A., Abd.Majid, M. S., & Marliyah, M. (2022). Penggunaan mata uang dinar dan dirham sebagai solusi prediksi krisis moneter di Indonesia [The use of dinar and dirham currencies as a solution to predict the monetary crisis in Indonesia]. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(6), 2321–2338. https://doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v4i6.992
Sifat, I. M., & Mohamad, A. (2018). From metal to paper: Validating paper money from Islamic perspective. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 34(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-06-2017-0090
Surahman, S. (2016). Analisis kekuatan dinar dan dirham sebagai mata uang anti krisis [Analysis of the power of dinar and dirham as anti-crisis currencies]. JEBI (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam), 1(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.15548/jebi.v1i2.30
Suwandi, S., Shafiai, M. H. M., & Wan Abdullah, W. N. N. (2018). Pasar Islam (Kajian al-Quran dan Sunnah Rasulullah SAW) [The Islamic Market (A Study of the Qur’an and Sunnah of the Prophet)]. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 16(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v16i01.341
Wasserstein, D. J. (1993). Coins as agents of cultural definition in Islam. Poetics Today, 14(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.2307/1773121
Yaacob, S. E. (2012). The reality of gold dinar application in Malaysia. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 341–347. https://www.aensiweb.com/old/anas/2012/341-347.pdf
Yaacob, S. E., Mujani, W. K., Nasohah, Z., Kusrin, Z. M., & Samuri, M. A.-A. (2012). Gold dinar as a supreme currency: Review based on the history of Islamic civilisation. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 348–357.
Yuliani, H., & Suryadi, K. (2017). Local wisdom values as the foundation of civic disposition in the ethnic community of Banjar. Al-Mabsut : Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial, 11(2), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v11i2.266
Yusuf, M.-B. O., Ghani, G. M., & Meera, A. K. M. (2013). The challenges of implementing gold dinar in Kelantan: An empirical analysis. Institutions and Economies, 5(3), 97–114. https://mjes.um.edu.my/index.php/ijie/article/view/4914