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Abstract
Background: Influenza is a contagious viral infection disease that causes acute disorders of the respiratory tract. The prevalence of infection due to influenza virus is higher in children than adults. Thus, it is very important to vaccinate children using the most effective type of vaccine.
Objectives: The purpose of this review was to investigate type of influenza vaccine with the highest effectiveness in children 6 to 35 months of age based on RCT study.
Methods: The review is carried out by collecting articles from Elsevier and Medline database using “.Influenza Vaccine”, “Randomized Control Trial”, and “Children” as the keywords.
Results: Based on the initial searching, it was found 6.261 articles and 9 articles that fulfill the review criteria. The results showed that the best vaccine efficacy has gotten by trivalent vaccines against the strains of viruses A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B (Yamagata) with vaccine efficacy values of 94.1%; 100%; and 97.1%, respectively. While the use of quadrivalent vaccines against strain B (Victoria) virus with a vaccine efficacy value of 87.2%.
Conclusions: Trivalent vaccine more effective for strain A and B (Yamagata) virus, moreover quadrivalent vaccine more effective for strain B (Victoria)
Keywords: Influenza, vaccine, children, trivalent, quadrivalent
Intisari
Latar Belakang: Influenza merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi virus menular yang mengakibatkan gangguan akut pada saluran pernapasan. Insidensi infeksi akibat virus influenza lebih tinggi terjadi pada anak-anak dibanding dewasa. Dengan demikian, sangat penting untuk memberikan vaksinasi pada anak-anak menggunakan jenis vaksin yang paling efektif.
Tujuan: Tujuan dari review ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis vaksin influenza dengan efektivitas tertinggi terhadap anak usia 6-35 bulan berdasarkan hasil studi (RCT).
Metode: Review dilakukan dengan penelusuran pustaka pada database ELSEVIER dan MEDLINE dengan kata kunci “Influenza Vaccine”, “Randomized Control Trial”, dan “Children”.
Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran, diperoleh 6.261 artikel dan 9 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria review. Hasil telaah dapat menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas vaksin terbaik pada vaksin trivalent terhadap virus strain A (H1N1), A (H3N2), dan B (Yamagata) dengan nilai efikasi vaksin secara berurutan sebesar 94,1%; 100%; dan 97,1% untuk usia anak 12-35 bulan. Sedangkan penggunaan vaksin quadrivalent terhadap virus strain B (Victoria) dapat mencapai nilai efikasi vaksin 87,2% pada anak usia 6-35 bulan.
Kesimpulan: Vaksin trivalent lebih efektif pada virus strain A dan B (Yamagata), sedangkan vaksin quadrivalent lebih efektif pada strain B (Victoria)
Kata kunci: Influenza, vaksin, anak-anak, trivalent, quadrivalent
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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- Bailey, R. I., Cheng, H. H., Chase-Topping, M., Mays, J. K., Anacleto, O., Dunn, J. R., & Doeschl-Wilson, A. (2020). Pathogen Transmission from Vaccinated Hosts can Cause Dose-Dependent Reduction in Virulence. PLoS Biol, 18(3), e3000619. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000619
- Baxter, D. (2016). Evaluating the Case for Trivalent or Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 12(10), 2712-2717. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1091130
- Claeys, C., Drame, M., García-Sicilia, J., Zaman, K., Carmona, A., Tran, P. M., Miranda, M., Martinón-Torres, F., Thollot, F., Horn, M., Schwarz, T. F., Behre, U., Merino, J. M., Sadowska-Krawczenko, I., Szymański, H., Schu, P., Neumeier, E., Li, P., Jain, V. K., & Innis, B. L. (2018). Assessment of An Optimized Manufacturing Process for Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Safety and Immunogenicity Study in Children and Adults. BMC Infect Dis, 18(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3079-8
- Diallo, A., Victor, J. C., Feser, J., Ortiz, J. R., Kanesa-Thasan, N., Ndiaye, M., Diarra, B., Cheikh, S., Diene, D., Ndiaye, T., Ndiaye, A., Lafond, K. E., Widdowson, M. A., & Neuzil, K. M. (2018). Immunogenicity and Safety of MF59-Adjuvanted and Full-Dose Unadjuvanted Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccines among Vaccine-naïve Children in A Randomized Clinical Trial in Rural Senegal. Vaccine, 36(43), 6424-6432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.032
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- Ghebrehewet, S., MacPherson, P., & Ho, A. (2016). Influenza. Bmj, 355, i6258. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6258
- Jazayeri, S. D., & Poh, C. L. (2019). Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines Targeting Conserved Viral Proteins. Vaccines (Basel), 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040169
- Lee, B. Y., Bartsch, S. M., & Willig, A. M. (2012). The Economic Value of a Quadrivalent versus Trivalent Influenza Vaccine [Journal Article]. Vaccine. 2012; 30(52):7443-7446., 30(52). https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/33590
- Lee, J., Lee, K. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, C. S., Eun, B. W., Kim, H. M., Kim, D. H., Hong, Y. J., Choi, Y. Y., Jo, D. S., Ma, S. H., & Kang, J. H. (2018). Safety and Immunogenicity of an Egg-Cultivated Quadrivalent Inactivated Split-virion Influenza Vaccine (GC3110A) in Healthy Korean Children: a Randomized, Double-blinded, Active-controlled Phase III Study. J Korean Med Sci, 33(13), e100. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e100
- Lee, J. H., Cho, H. K., Kim, K. H., Lee, J., Kim, Y. J., Eun, B. W., Kim, N. H., Kim, D. H., Jo, D. S., Kim, H. M., & Kim, Y. K. (2019). Evaluation of Waning Immunity at 6 Months after Both Trivalent and Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccination in Korean Children Aged 6-35 Months. J Korean Med Sci, 34(46), e279. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e279
- Moghadami, M. (2017). A Narrative Review of Influenza: A Seasonal and Pandemic Disease. Iran J Med Sci, 42(1), 2-13.
- Munoz, F. M. (2002). The Impact of Influenza in Children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis, 13(2), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1053/spid.2002.122992
- Nair, H., Brooks, W. A., Katz, M., Roca, A., Berkley, J. A., Madhi, S. A., Simmerman, J. M., Gordon, A., Sato, M., Howie, S., Krishnan, A., Ope, M., Lindblade, K. A., Carosone-Link, P., Lucero, M., Ochieng, W., Kamimoto, L., Dueger, E., Bhat, N., Vong, S., Theodoratou, E., Chittaganpitch, M., Chimah, O., Balmaseda, A., Buchy, P., Harris, E., Evans, V., Katayose, M., Gaur, B., O'Callaghan-Gordo, C., Goswami, D., Arvelo, W., Venter, M., Briese, T., Tokarz, R., Widdowson, M. A., Mounts, A. W., Breiman, R. F., Feikin, D. R., Klugman, K. P., Olsen, S. J., Gessner, B. D., Wright, P. F., Rudan, I., Broor, S., Simões, E. A., & Campbell, H. (2011). Global Burden of Respiratory Infections Due to Seasonal Influenza in Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Lancet, 378(9807), 1917-1930. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61051-9
- Nobusawa, E., & Sato, K. (2006). Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses. J Virol, 80(7), 3675-3678. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.7.3675-3678.2006
- Oh, C. E., Choi, U. Y., Eun, B. W., Lee, T. J., Kim, K. H., Kim, D. H., Kim, N. H., Jo, D. S., Shin, S. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, H., & Kim, Y. K. (2018). A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Clinical Trial of a Cell Culture-derived Inactivated Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (NBP607) in Healthy Children 6 Months Through 18 Years of Age. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 37(6), 605-611. https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000001973
- Pepin, S., Dupuy, M., Borja-Tabora, C. F. C., Montellano, M., Bravo, L., Santos, J., de Castro, J. A., Rivera-Medina, D. M., Cutland, C., Ariza, M., Diez-Domingo, J., Gonzalez, C. D., Martinón-Torres, F., Papadopoulou-Alataki, E., Theodoriadou, M., Kazek-Duret, M. P., Gurunathan, S., & De Bruijn, I. (2019). Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of A Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Children Aged 6-35 Months: A Multi-Season Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial in The Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Vaccine, 37(13), 1876-1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.074
- Rafeek, R. A. M., Divarathna, M. V. M., & Noordeen, F. (2017). History and Current Trends in Influenza Virus Infections with Special Reference to Sri Lanka. Virusdisease, 28(3), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-017-0390-8
- Robertson, C. A., Mercer, M., Selmani, A., Klein, N. P., Jeanfreau, R., & Greenberg, D. P. (2019). Safety and Immunogenicity of a Full-dose, Split-virion, Inactivated, Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Children 6-35 Months of Age: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 38(3), 323-328. https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000002227
- Rolfes, M. A., Goswami, D., Sharmeen, A. T., Yeasmin, S., Parvin, N., Nahar, K., Rahman, M., Barends, M., Ahmed, D., Rahman, M. Z., Bresee, J., Luby, S., Moulton, L. H., Santosham, M., Fry, A. M., & Brooks, W. A. (2017). Efficacy of Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza among Young Children in A Randomized Trial in Bangladesh. Vaccine, 35(50), 6967-6976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.074
- Rudenko, L., Kiseleva, I., Krutikova, E., Stepanova, E., Rekstin, A., Donina, S., Pisareva, M., Grigorieva, E., Kryshen, K., Muzhikyan, A., Makarova, M., Sparrow, E. G., Torelli, G., & Kieny, M. P. (2018). Rationale for Vaccination with Trivalent or Quadrivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines: Protective Vaccine Efficacy in The Ferret Model. PLoS One, 13(12), e0208028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208028
- Shao, W., Li, X., Goraya, M. U., Wang, S., & Chen, J. L. (2017). Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment. Int J Mol Sci, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081650
- Tisa, V., Barberis, I., Faccio, V., Paganino, C., Trucchi, C., Martini, M. and Ansaldi, F., 2016. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a new opportunity to reduce the influenza burden. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 57(1), p.E28.
- Tokars, J. I., Olsen, S. J., & Reed, C. (2018). Seasonal Incidence of Symptomatic Influenza in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, 66(10), 1511-1518. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1060
References
Ambrose, C. S., & Levin, M. J. (2012). The Rationale for Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 8(1), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.8.1.17623
Bailey, R. I., Cheng, H. H., Chase-Topping, M., Mays, J. K., Anacleto, O., Dunn, J. R., & Doeschl-Wilson, A. (2020). Pathogen Transmission from Vaccinated Hosts can Cause Dose-Dependent Reduction in Virulence. PLoS Biol, 18(3), e3000619. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000619
Baxter, D. (2016). Evaluating the Case for Trivalent or Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 12(10), 2712-2717. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1091130
Claeys, C., Drame, M., García-Sicilia, J., Zaman, K., Carmona, A., Tran, P. M., Miranda, M., Martinón-Torres, F., Thollot, F., Horn, M., Schwarz, T. F., Behre, U., Merino, J. M., Sadowska-Krawczenko, I., Szymański, H., Schu, P., Neumeier, E., Li, P., Jain, V. K., & Innis, B. L. (2018). Assessment of An Optimized Manufacturing Process for Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Safety and Immunogenicity Study in Children and Adults. BMC Infect Dis, 18(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3079-8
Diallo, A., Victor, J. C., Feser, J., Ortiz, J. R., Kanesa-Thasan, N., Ndiaye, M., Diarra, B., Cheikh, S., Diene, D., Ndiaye, T., Ndiaye, A., Lafond, K. E., Widdowson, M. A., & Neuzil, K. M. (2018). Immunogenicity and Safety of MF59-Adjuvanted and Full-Dose Unadjuvanted Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccines among Vaccine-naïve Children in A Randomized Clinical Trial in Rural Senegal. Vaccine, 36(43), 6424-6432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.032
Eun, B. W., Lee, T. J., Lee, J., Kim, K. H., Kim, D. H., Jo, D. S., Shin, S. H., Kim, H., Kim, K. H., & Kim, Y. K. (2019). A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Phase III Trial of a Cell Culture-derived Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Healthy South Korean Children and Adolescents 6 Months to 18 Years of Age. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 38(9), e209-e215. https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000002406
Ghebrehewet, S., MacPherson, P., & Ho, A. (2016). Influenza. Bmj, 355, i6258. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6258
Jazayeri, S. D., & Poh, C. L. (2019). Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines Targeting Conserved Viral Proteins. Vaccines (Basel), 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040169
Lee, B. Y., Bartsch, S. M., & Willig, A. M. (2012). The Economic Value of a Quadrivalent versus Trivalent Influenza Vaccine [Journal Article]. Vaccine. 2012; 30(52):7443-7446., 30(52). https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/33590
Lee, J., Lee, K. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, C. S., Eun, B. W., Kim, H. M., Kim, D. H., Hong, Y. J., Choi, Y. Y., Jo, D. S., Ma, S. H., & Kang, J. H. (2018). Safety and Immunogenicity of an Egg-Cultivated Quadrivalent Inactivated Split-virion Influenza Vaccine (GC3110A) in Healthy Korean Children: a Randomized, Double-blinded, Active-controlled Phase III Study. J Korean Med Sci, 33(13), e100. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e100
Lee, J. H., Cho, H. K., Kim, K. H., Lee, J., Kim, Y. J., Eun, B. W., Kim, N. H., Kim, D. H., Jo, D. S., Kim, H. M., & Kim, Y. K. (2019). Evaluation of Waning Immunity at 6 Months after Both Trivalent and Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccination in Korean Children Aged 6-35 Months. J Korean Med Sci, 34(46), e279. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e279
Moghadami, M. (2017). A Narrative Review of Influenza: A Seasonal and Pandemic Disease. Iran J Med Sci, 42(1), 2-13.
Munoz, F. M. (2002). The Impact of Influenza in Children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis, 13(2), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1053/spid.2002.122992
Nair, H., Brooks, W. A., Katz, M., Roca, A., Berkley, J. A., Madhi, S. A., Simmerman, J. M., Gordon, A., Sato, M., Howie, S., Krishnan, A., Ope, M., Lindblade, K. A., Carosone-Link, P., Lucero, M., Ochieng, W., Kamimoto, L., Dueger, E., Bhat, N., Vong, S., Theodoratou, E., Chittaganpitch, M., Chimah, O., Balmaseda, A., Buchy, P., Harris, E., Evans, V., Katayose, M., Gaur, B., O'Callaghan-Gordo, C., Goswami, D., Arvelo, W., Venter, M., Briese, T., Tokarz, R., Widdowson, M. A., Mounts, A. W., Breiman, R. F., Feikin, D. R., Klugman, K. P., Olsen, S. J., Gessner, B. D., Wright, P. F., Rudan, I., Broor, S., Simões, E. A., & Campbell, H. (2011). Global Burden of Respiratory Infections Due to Seasonal Influenza in Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Lancet, 378(9807), 1917-1930. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61051-9
Nobusawa, E., & Sato, K. (2006). Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses. J Virol, 80(7), 3675-3678. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.7.3675-3678.2006
Oh, C. E., Choi, U. Y., Eun, B. W., Lee, T. J., Kim, K. H., Kim, D. H., Kim, N. H., Jo, D. S., Shin, S. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, H., & Kim, Y. K. (2018). A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Clinical Trial of a Cell Culture-derived Inactivated Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (NBP607) in Healthy Children 6 Months Through 18 Years of Age. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 37(6), 605-611. https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000001973
Pepin, S., Dupuy, M., Borja-Tabora, C. F. C., Montellano, M., Bravo, L., Santos, J., de Castro, J. A., Rivera-Medina, D. M., Cutland, C., Ariza, M., Diez-Domingo, J., Gonzalez, C. D., Martinón-Torres, F., Papadopoulou-Alataki, E., Theodoriadou, M., Kazek-Duret, M. P., Gurunathan, S., & De Bruijn, I. (2019). Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of A Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Children Aged 6-35 Months: A Multi-Season Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial in The Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Vaccine, 37(13), 1876-1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.074
Rafeek, R. A. M., Divarathna, M. V. M., & Noordeen, F. (2017). History and Current Trends in Influenza Virus Infections with Special Reference to Sri Lanka. Virusdisease, 28(3), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-017-0390-8
Robertson, C. A., Mercer, M., Selmani, A., Klein, N. P., Jeanfreau, R., & Greenberg, D. P. (2019). Safety and Immunogenicity of a Full-dose, Split-virion, Inactivated, Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Children 6-35 Months of Age: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 38(3), 323-328. https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000002227
Rolfes, M. A., Goswami, D., Sharmeen, A. T., Yeasmin, S., Parvin, N., Nahar, K., Rahman, M., Barends, M., Ahmed, D., Rahman, M. Z., Bresee, J., Luby, S., Moulton, L. H., Santosham, M., Fry, A. M., & Brooks, W. A. (2017). Efficacy of Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza among Young Children in A Randomized Trial in Bangladesh. Vaccine, 35(50), 6967-6976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.074
Rudenko, L., Kiseleva, I., Krutikova, E., Stepanova, E., Rekstin, A., Donina, S., Pisareva, M., Grigorieva, E., Kryshen, K., Muzhikyan, A., Makarova, M., Sparrow, E. G., Torelli, G., & Kieny, M. P. (2018). Rationale for Vaccination with Trivalent or Quadrivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines: Protective Vaccine Efficacy in The Ferret Model. PLoS One, 13(12), e0208028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208028
Shao, W., Li, X., Goraya, M. U., Wang, S., & Chen, J. L. (2017). Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment. Int J Mol Sci, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081650
Tisa, V., Barberis, I., Faccio, V., Paganino, C., Trucchi, C., Martini, M. and Ansaldi, F., 2016. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a new opportunity to reduce the influenza burden. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 57(1), p.E28.
Tokars, J. I., Olsen, S. J., & Reed, C. (2018). Seasonal Incidence of Symptomatic Influenza in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, 66(10), 1511-1518. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1060