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Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is ranked as the second-highest cause of death in Indonesia. Many of the available cancer treatments result in severe adverse effects for patients. Tin (Ficus carica L.) leaves contain ingredients that can function as anticancer agents.
Objective: The study aims to identify phytochemical secondary metabolites in tin leaves and the cytotoxic activity of the extract and tin leaf fraction on MCF-7 cells.
Method: Tin leaf powder was macerated with 70% ethanol for 7 days. The extracts were fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. An identification test with ethanol extract was then carried out using spray reagents. The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was determined using the MTT method.
Result: The results of the identification with TLC found that the ethanol extract of tin leaves contains flavonoids and steroids. The ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was thought to have weak cytotoxic properties with an IC50 value of 274.5877 ug/mL while the ethanol extract and n-heksan fraction of tin leaf do not have cytotoxic properties because they have an IC50 value of 562.827 and 576.3552 ug/mL.
Conclusion: Based on the results, tin leaves have the potency to be developed as a chemopreventive agent for MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, MCF-7 cells, tin leaf (Ficus carica), cytotoxic activity
Keywords
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References
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- Burhan, A., Aisyah, A. N., Awaludin, A., Zulham, Z., Tabe, B., & FGafur, A. (2019). Efek Antioksidan dan Antikanker Ekstrak Batang Murbei (Morus alba. L.) terhadap Sel Kanker Widr secara in vitro. Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 7(1), 17. doi:https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v7i1.173
- Febriansah, R., Dyaningtyas, D. P. P., Nurulita, N. A., Meiyanto, E., & Nugroho, A. E. (2014). Hesperidin as A Preventive Resistance Agent in MCF–7 Breast Cancer Cells Line Resistance to Doxorubicin. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(3), 228-233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60236-7
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- Joseph, B., & Raj, S. J. (2010). Phytopharmacological Properties of Ficus Racemosa Linn-An Overview. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(1), 8-12.
- Markham, K. R. (1988). Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoid. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.
- Nakano, T., Ohno, T., Ishikawa, H., Suzuki, Y., & Takahashi, T. (2010). Current Advancement in Radiation Therapy for Uterine Cervical Cancer. Journal of Radiation Research, 51(1), 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.09132
- Phang, C.-W., Malek, S. N. A., Ibrahim, H., & medicine., a. (2013). Antioxidant Potential, Cytotoxic Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Alpinia Pahangensis Rhizomes. BMC complementary, 13(243), 1-9. doi:https://doi.org10.1186/1472-6882-13-243
- Refli, R. J. S. B. I. P. B. (2012). Potensi ekstrak daun tin (Ficus carica L) sebagai antioksidan dan aktivitas hambatannya terhadap proliferasi sel kanker HeLa.
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- Soni, N., Mehta, S., Satpathy, G., & Gupta, R. K. (2014). Estimation of Nutritional, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Dried Fig (Ficus Carica). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(2), 158-165.
- Tusanti, I., Johan, A., & Kisdjamiatun, R. (2014). Sitotoksisitas in Vitro Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Parijoto (Medinilla Speciosa, Reinw.ex Bl.) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia, 2(2), 53-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.2.2.53-58
- Vaya, J., & Mahmood, S. (2006). Flavonoid Content in Leaf Extract of The Fig (Ficus Carica L), Carob (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) and Pistachio (Pistacia Lentiscus L.). Biofactors, 28(3‐4), 169-175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520280303
- Wahyuni, W. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Sitotoksik Fraksi Etanol dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) pada Sel Kanker Serviks HeLa. Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta.
- Weerapreeyakul, N., Nonpunya, A., Barusrux, S., Thitimetharoch, T., & Sripanidkulchai, B. (2012). Evaluation of The Anticancer Potential of Six Herbs Against A Hepatoma Cell Line. Chinese Medicine, 7(15), 1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-7-15
- Zubair, R., Abu Bakar, N. H., Swethadri, G., Baig, A., Aliyu, I., & Maryam, I. U. (2015). Non-toxic Antiproliferative Effect of Ficus Carica Fruit Extracts on Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cell (MCF-7). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(10), 815-821.
References
Anisa, K., Rahayu, T., & Hayati, A. (2018). Profil Metabolit Skunder Daun Tin (Ficus carica) melalui Analisis Histokimia dan Deteksi Flavonoid dengan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Jurnal Sains Alami (Known Nature), 1(1), 104-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.33474/j.sa.v1i1.1266
Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R. L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global Cancer Statistics 2018 : Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(6), 394-424. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
Burhan, A., Aisyah, A. N., Awaludin, A., Zulham, Z., Tabe, B., & FGafur, A. (2019). Efek Antioksidan dan Antikanker Ekstrak Batang Murbei (Morus alba. L.) terhadap Sel Kanker Widr secara in vitro. Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 7(1), 17. doi:https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v7i1.173
Febriansah, R., Dyaningtyas, D. P. P., Nurulita, N. A., Meiyanto, E., & Nugroho, A. E. (2014). Hesperidin as A Preventive Resistance Agent in MCF–7 Breast Cancer Cells Line Resistance to Doxorubicin. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(3), 228-233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60236-7
Gibbs, J. B. (2000). Mechanism-based Target Identification and Drug Discovery in Cancer Research. Science, 287(5460), 1969-1973. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5460.1969
Joseph, B., & Raj, S. J. (2010). Phytopharmacological Properties of Ficus Racemosa Linn-An Overview. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(1), 8-12.
Markham, K. R. (1988). Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoid. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Nakano, T., Ohno, T., Ishikawa, H., Suzuki, Y., & Takahashi, T. (2010). Current Advancement in Radiation Therapy for Uterine Cervical Cancer. Journal of Radiation Research, 51(1), 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.09132
Phang, C.-W., Malek, S. N. A., Ibrahim, H., & medicine., a. (2013). Antioxidant Potential, Cytotoxic Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Alpinia Pahangensis Rhizomes. BMC complementary, 13(243), 1-9. doi:https://doi.org10.1186/1472-6882-13-243
Refli, R. J. S. B. I. P. B. (2012). Potensi ekstrak daun tin (Ficus carica L) sebagai antioksidan dan aktivitas hambatannya terhadap proliferasi sel kanker HeLa.
Riss, T. L., Moravec, R. A., Niles, A. L., Duellman, S., & Benink, H. A. (2013). Cell Viability Assay. In: Assay Guidance Manual, Sittampalam, G.S., N.P. Coussens and K. Brimacombe (Eds.). Bethesda (MD): Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 357-363.
Rubnov, S., Kashman, Y., Rabinowitz, R., Schlesinger, M., & Mechoulam, R. (2001). Suppressors of Cancer Cell Proliferation from Fig (Ficus c Arica) Resin: Isolation and Structure Elucidation. Journal of Natural Products, 64(7), 993-996. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/np000592z
Soni, N., Mehta, S., Satpathy, G., & Gupta, R. K. (2014). Estimation of Nutritional, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Dried Fig (Ficus Carica). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(2), 158-165.
Tusanti, I., Johan, A., & Kisdjamiatun, R. (2014). Sitotoksisitas in Vitro Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Parijoto (Medinilla Speciosa, Reinw.ex Bl.) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia, 2(2), 53-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.2.2.53-58
Vaya, J., & Mahmood, S. (2006). Flavonoid Content in Leaf Extract of The Fig (Ficus Carica L), Carob (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) and Pistachio (Pistacia Lentiscus L.). Biofactors, 28(3‐4), 169-175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520280303
Wahyuni, W. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Sitotoksik Fraksi Etanol dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) pada Sel Kanker Serviks HeLa. Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta.
Weerapreeyakul, N., Nonpunya, A., Barusrux, S., Thitimetharoch, T., & Sripanidkulchai, B. (2012). Evaluation of The Anticancer Potential of Six Herbs Against A Hepatoma Cell Line. Chinese Medicine, 7(15), 1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-7-15
Zubair, R., Abu Bakar, N. H., Swethadri, G., Baig, A., Aliyu, I., & Maryam, I. U. (2015). Non-toxic Antiproliferative Effect of Ficus Carica Fruit Extracts on Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cell (MCF-7). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(10), 815-821.