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Abstract
Background: All ages, including children, are susceptible to the disease COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 in children is mild than in adults. One of the recommended antiviral drugs for COVID-19 in children is interferon.
Objective: To describe the efficacy and safety of using interferon in children with COVID-19
Method: The article is a narrative study. The main databases in the article search process in this literature review are PubMed and Google Scholar.
Results: The articles could potentially be involved in this study were 28 articles. A total of 13 articles included the criteria, 9 articles discussed the use of interferon against respiratory syndrome, 4 articles on interferon in children, and one reference from a literature search.
Conclusion: Interferon therapy in COVID-19 in children has a high cure rate but needs to be evaluated in a larger sample of pediatric patients.
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References
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- Kingsley, U., & Peace, O. N. (2020). Interferon: Role in health, current trends and therapeutic potentials. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 10(3), 227-230.
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- Lu, Q., & Shi, Y. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and neonate: What neonatologist need to know. Journal of Medical Virologi, 92, 564–567.
- Miao H, Li H, Yao Y, Wu M, Lu C, Wang J, Tian M, Li Y, Luo P, Gu J, Yuan B, Wang S, Zhao X, Gan W, Zhao D. (2020). Update on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. doi:0.1007/s10096-020-03973-x
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- Shen, K., & Yang, Y. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: a pressing issue. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16, 219–221. doi:0.1007/s12519-020-00344-6
- Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Zhao, D., Jiang, Y., Jin, R., Zheng, Y., Xu, B., Xie, Z., Lin, L., Shang, Y., Lu, X., Shu, S., Bai, Y., Deng, J., Lu, M., Ye, L., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Gao, L. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16, 223–231.
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- Sujaritha, J., Deepa sankar, N., Mathivathani, K., Aravindh, G., & Gnanasekaran, G. (2020). An overview of some drugs: Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and interferon as a effective treatment against COVID-19. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 10(1), 20-24.
- Tidwong, N., Montakantikul, P., & Manosuthi, W. (2020). Pharmacological treatment for the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 Infection). Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 47(2), 97-103. doi:10.29090/psa.2020.02.020.0026
- Wang, Y., & Zhu, L. (2020). Pharmaceutical care recommendations for antiviral treatments in children with coronavirus disease 2019. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16, 271-274. doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00353-5
- WHO. (2020). WHO Statement Regarding Cluster of Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, China. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china
- Yellepeddi, V., Joseph, A., & Nance, E. (2019). Pharmacokinetics of nanotechnology-based formulations in pediatric populations. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 151–152, 44–55.
- Yu, C., Kang, L., Chen, J., & Zang, N. (2020). Evaluation of safety, efficacy, tolerability, and treatment-related outcomes of type I interferons for human coronaviruses (HCoVs) infection in clinical practice: An updated critical systematic review and meta-analysis. International Immunopharmacology, 86, 106740.
- Zare-Zardini, H., Soltaninejad, H., Ferdosian, F., Hamidieh, A. A., & Memarpoor-Yazdi, M. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: prevalence, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, and treatment. International Journal of General Medicine, 13, 477–482.
- Zheng F, Liao C, Fan QH, Chen HB, Zhao XG, Xie ZG, Li XL, Chen CX, Lu XX, Liu ZS, Lu W, Chen CB, Jiao R, Zhang AM, Wang JT, Ding XW, Zeng YG, Cheng LP, Huang QF, Wu J, Luo XC, Wang ZJ, Zhong YY, Bai Y, Wu XY, Jin RM. (2020). Clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Hubei, China. Current Medical Science, 40(2), 275-280. doi:10.1007/s11596-020-2172-6
- Zimmermann, P., & Curtis, N.1 (2020). Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 39, 355–368.
- Zimmermann, P., & Curtis, N.2 (2020). Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? A review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the age-related difference in severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Arch Dis Child, 0, 1-11. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320338
References
Basha, S. H. (2020). Corona virus drugs – a brief overview of past, present and future. Journal of Peer Scientist, 2(2), 1-16.
Fisher, A. (2020). Resistance of children to Covid-19. How? Mucosal Immunology, 13, 563–565. doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0303-9
Hu, Y., Ye, Y., Ye, L., Wang, X., & Yu, H. (2019). Efficacy and safety of interferon alpha therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B. Medicine, 98(32), e16683. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016683
Jiang, R., Han, B., Song, M., Xue, B., Zhang, Y., Ding, Y., Chen J., Zhu, J., Liu, J., Nie, Q., Han, X., Jin, X., Shan, X., Guo, W., Zhang, E., Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Wang, B., Dong, S., Li, J., Li, X., Li, X. (2020). Efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α1b (IFNα1b) injection for noninfluenza viral pneumonia, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Inflammation, 17, 19. doi:10.1186/s12950-020-00
Jiehao C, Jin X, Daojiong L, Zhi Y, Lei X, Zhenghai Q, Yuehua Z, Hua Z, Ran J, Pengcheng L, Xiangshi W, Yanling G, Aimei X, He T, Hailing C, Chuning W, Jingjing L, Jianshe W, Mei Z. (2020). A case series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features. Clinical Infectious Diseases, XX(XX), 1-5. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa198
Kelvin, A., & Halperin, S. (2020). COVID-19 in children: the link in the transmission chain. The Lancet/infection, 20, 633-634. doi:10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30236-X
Kingsley, U., & Peace, O. N. (2020). Interferon: Role in health, current trends and therapeutic potentials. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 10(3), 227-230.
Liu, Y., Li, J., & Feng, Y. (2020). Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China. Critical Care, 24, 56. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
Lu, Q., & Shi, Y. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and neonate: What neonatologist need to know. Journal of Medical Virologi, 92, 564–567.
Miao H, Li H, Yao Y, Wu M, Lu C, Wang J, Tian M, Li Y, Luo P, Gu J, Yuan B, Wang S, Zhao X, Gan W, Zhao D. (2020). Update on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. doi:0.1007/s10096-020-03973-x
Noureddin, M., & Ghany, M. (2010). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of peginterferon and ribavirin: implications for clinical efficacy in treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 39(3), 649–658. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2010.08.008.
Patel, A., & Verma, A. (2020). Nasal ACE2 levels and COVID-19 in children. JAMA, 323(23), 2386-2387. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8946
Payandemehr, P., Azhdarzadeh, M., Bahrami-Motlagh, H., Hadadi, A., Najmeddin, F., Shahmirzaei, S., Pasoki, M., Sotoodehnia, M., Rahimian, R. (2020). Interferon beta-1a as a candidate for COVID-19 treatment; an open-label single-arm clinical trial. Advanced Journal Of Emergency Medicine, 4(2), e51. doi:10.22114/ajem.v4i2s.454
Peng, H., Gao, P., Xu, Q., Liu, M., Peng, J., Wang, Y., & Xu, H. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: Characteristics, antimicrobial treatment, and outcomes. Journal of Clinical Virology, 128, 104425.
Prokunina-Olsson L, Alphonse N, Dickenson RE, Durbin JE, Glenn JS, Hartmann R, Kotenko SV, Lazear HM, O'Brien TR, Odendall C, Onabajo OO, Piontkivska H, Santer DM, Reich NC, Wack A, Zanoni I. (2020). COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 217(5), e20200653. doi:10.1084/jem.20200653
Qiu, H., Wu, J., Hong, L., Luo, Y., Song, Q., & Chen, D. (2020). Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infection Disease. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30198-5
Sallard, E., Lescure, F., Yazdanpanah, Y., Mentre, F., & Peiffer-Smadja, N. (2020). Type 1 interferons as a potential treatment against COVID-19. Antiviral Research, 178, 104791.
Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Won J, Brown AJ, Montgomery SA, Hogg A, Babusis D, Clarke MO, Spahn JE, Bauer L, Sellers S, Porter D, Feng JY, Cihlar T, Jordan R, Denison MR, Baric RS. (2020). Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nature Communications, 11, 222. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13940-6
Shen, K., & Yang, Y. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: a pressing issue. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16, 219–221. doi:0.1007/s12519-020-00344-6
Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Zhao, D., Jiang, Y., Jin, R., Zheng, Y., Xu, B., Xie, Z., Lin, L., Shang, Y., Lu, X., Shu, S., Bai, Y., Deng, J., Lu, M., Ye, L., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Gao, L. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16, 223–231.
Su L, Ma X, Yu H, Zhang Z, Bian P, Han Y, Sun J, Liu Y, Yang C, Geng J, Zhang Z, Gai Z. (2020). The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China – the character of children with COVID-19. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 9(1), 707-713. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1744483
Sujaritha, J., Deepa sankar, N., Mathivathani, K., Aravindh, G., & Gnanasekaran, G. (2020). An overview of some drugs: Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and interferon as a effective treatment against COVID-19. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 10(1), 20-24.
Tidwong, N., Montakantikul, P., & Manosuthi, W. (2020). Pharmacological treatment for the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 Infection). Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 47(2), 97-103. doi:10.29090/psa.2020.02.020.0026
Wang, Y., & Zhu, L. (2020). Pharmaceutical care recommendations for antiviral treatments in children with coronavirus disease 2019. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16, 271-274. doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00353-5
WHO. (2020). WHO Statement Regarding Cluster of Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, China. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china
Yellepeddi, V., Joseph, A., & Nance, E. (2019). Pharmacokinetics of nanotechnology-based formulations in pediatric populations. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 151–152, 44–55.
Yu, C., Kang, L., Chen, J., & Zang, N. (2020). Evaluation of safety, efficacy, tolerability, and treatment-related outcomes of type I interferons for human coronaviruses (HCoVs) infection in clinical practice: An updated critical systematic review and meta-analysis. International Immunopharmacology, 86, 106740.
Zare-Zardini, H., Soltaninejad, H., Ferdosian, F., Hamidieh, A. A., & Memarpoor-Yazdi, M. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: prevalence, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, and treatment. International Journal of General Medicine, 13, 477–482.
Zheng F, Liao C, Fan QH, Chen HB, Zhao XG, Xie ZG, Li XL, Chen CX, Lu XX, Liu ZS, Lu W, Chen CB, Jiao R, Zhang AM, Wang JT, Ding XW, Zeng YG, Cheng LP, Huang QF, Wu J, Luo XC, Wang ZJ, Zhong YY, Bai Y, Wu XY, Jin RM. (2020). Clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Hubei, China. Current Medical Science, 40(2), 275-280. doi:10.1007/s11596-020-2172-6
Zimmermann, P., & Curtis, N.1 (2020). Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 39, 355–368.
Zimmermann, P., & Curtis, N.2 (2020). Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? A review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the age-related difference in severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Arch Dis Child, 0, 1-11. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320338