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Abstract
Abstract
Background: The increasing incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia affects the need for hospital inpatient services. One of the parameters of service quality and the use of hospital resources is the length of stay (LOS).
Objective: To find the determinants of COVID-19 that affect LOS in hospitals.
Methods: Retrospective observational data collection using a cross-sectional study design. The sampling method used was total sampling during the January-August 2021 hospitalization period in the Isolation Room of the General Hospital of Jend. A. Yani Metro City. The data used is medical record data. Bivariate analysis uses Chi Square, while multivariate analysis uses Multiple Logistics Regression.
Results: The sample consisted of 443 patients who were treated during the period January-August 2021 in the COVID-19 isolation room at RSUD Jend. A. Yani Metro City. The median LOS is 6 days. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that the determinants of LOS include severity, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and D-Dimer.
Conclusion: Severity, comorbid diabetes mellitus, comorbid heart disease, and D-Dimer value are the determinants of LOS in confirmed COVID-19 patients in the COVID-19 isolation room at General Ahmad Yani Hospital, Lampung Province.
Keywords: Determinants, Coronavirus Disease, LOS, hospital
Intisari
Latar belakang: Angka kejadian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang mengalami peningkatan di Indonesia mempengaruhi kebutuhan layanan rawat inap rumah sakit. Salah satu parameter mutu layanan dan penggunaan sumber daya rumah sakit adalah length of stay (LOS).
Tujuan: Untuk mencari determinan COVID-19 yang berpengaruh terhadap LOS di rumah sakit.
Metode: Pengambilan data secara retrospektif observasional menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling selama periode rawat Januari-Agustus 2021 di Ruang Isolasi RSUD Jend. A. Yani Kota Metro. Data yang digunakan adalah data rekam medis. Analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan Chi Square, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan Regresi Logistik Ganda.
Hasil: Sampel berjumlah 443 pasien yang di rawat selama periode Januari-Agustus 2021 di ruang isolasi COVID-19 RSUD Jend. A. Yani Kota Metro. Median LOS adalah 6 hari. Analisis regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan bahwa determinan LOS meliputi; tingkat keparahan, diabetes mellitus, penyakit jantung, D-Dimer.
Kesimpulan: Tingkat keparahan, komorbid diabetes mellitus, komorbid penyakit jantung, nilai D-Dimer merupakan determinan terhadap LOS pasien COVID-19 terkonfirmasi di ruang isolasi COVID-19 RSUD Jenderal Ahmad Yani Provinsi Lampung.
Kata kunci: Determinan, Coronavirus Disease, LOS, rumah sakit
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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References
Baihaqi, F. A., & Rumaropen, H. (2022). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Lama Rawat Inap Pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Serui Provinsi Papua: Studi Potong Lintang. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia, 8(4), 187. doi:https://doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v8i4.627
Burhan, E. (2020). Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19 Edisi 3.
Chiam, T., Subedi, K., Chen, D., Best, E., Bianco, F. B., Dobler, G., & Papas, M. (2021). Hospital Length of Stay among COVID-19-Positive Patients. Journal of Clinical Translational Research, 7(3), 377-385. doi:https://doi.org/10.18053/jctres.07.202103.010
Crankson, S., Pokhrel, S., & Anokye, N. K. (2022). Determinants of COVID-19-related length of hospital stays and long COVID in Ghana: a cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Environmental research Public Health, 19(1), 527. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010527
Damayanti, H., Sajinadiyasa, I. G. K., Risni, H. W., & Sauriasari, R. (2021). The Effectiveness and Safety of Favipiravir in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients at Tertiary Referral Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 16(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v16i4.5433
Gao, J., Huang, X., Gu, H., Lou, L., & Xu, Z. (2020). Predictive Criteria of Severe Cases in COVID‐19 Patients of Early Stage: a Retrospective Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 34(10), e23562. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23562
Grace, C. (2020). Manifestasi Klinis dan Perjalanan Penyakit pada Pasien Covid-19. Jurnal Majority, 9(1), 49-55.
Huang, C.-C., Leu, H.-B., Yin, W.-H., Tseng, W.-K., Wu, Y.-W., Lin, T.-H., Yeh, H.-I., Chang, K.-C., Wang, J.-H., & Wu, C.-C. (2017). Optimal achieved blood pressure for patients with stable coronary artery disease. Scientific Reports, 7(10137). doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10628-z
Kraemer, M. U. G., Yang, C.-H., Gutierrez, B., Wu, C.-H., Klein, B., Pigott, D. M., Group., O. C.-D. W., Du Plessis, L., Faria, N. R., & Li, R. (2020). The Effect of Human Mobility and Control Measures on The COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Science, 368(6490), 493-497. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb4218
Lancet, E. A., Gonzalez, D., Alexandrou, N. A., Zabar, B., Lai, P. H., Hall, C. B., Braun, J., Zeig‐Owens, R., Isaacs, D., & Ben‐Eli, D. (2021). Prehospital Hypoxemia, Measured by Pulse Oximetry, Predicts Hospital Outcomes during The New York City COVID‐19 Pandemic. Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open, 2(2), e12407. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12407
Liu, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, Y., Wu, X., Zhao, Y., Lu, Y., Tan, W., Yuan, M., Ding, X., & Zou, J. (2020). Risk Factors Associated with Disease Severity and Length of Hospital Stay in COVID-19 Patients. Journal of Infection, 81(1), e95-e97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.008
Lokken, E. M., Huebner, E. M., Taylor, G. G., Hendrickson, S., Vanderhoeven, J., Kachikis, A., Coler, B., Walker, C. L., Sheng, J. S., & Al-Haddad, B. J. (2021). Disease Severity, Pregnancy Outcomes, and Maternal Deaths among Pregnant Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Washington State. American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 225(1), 77. e71-77. e14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.1221
Maharianingsih, N. M., Sudirta, I. K., & Suryaningsih, N. P. A. (2022). Karakteristik Pasien dan Penggunaan Obat Pada Pasien Covid-19 Derajat Sedang-Berat di RSUD Karangasem. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2(2), 86-94. doi:https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v2i2.13958.
Niu, S., Tian, S., Lou, J., Kang, X., Zhang, L., Lian, H., & Zhang, J. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Older Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Descriptive Study. Archives of Gerontology Geriatrics, 89, 104058. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104058
Poudel, A., Poudel, Y., Adhikari, A., Aryal, B. B., Dangol, D., Bajracharya, T., Maharjan, A., & Gautam, R. (2021). D-dimer as A Biomarker for Assessment of COVID-19 Prognosis: D-dimer Levels on Admission and its Role in predicting Disease Outcome in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Plos One, 16(8), e0256744. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256744
Rees, E. M., Nightingale, E. S., Jafari, Y., Waterlow, N. R., Clifford, S., B. Pearson, C. A., Group, C. W., Jombart, T., Procter, S. R., & Knight, G. M. (2020). COVID-19 Length of Hospital Stay: a Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. BMC Medicine, 18(270). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01726-3
Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Marinkovic, A., Patidar, R., Younis, K., Desai, P., Hosein, Z., Padda, I., Mangat, J., & Altaf, M. (2020). Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 2(8), 1069-1076. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4.
Surendra, H., Elyazar, I. R. F., Djaafara, B. A., Ekawati, L. L., Saraswati, K., Adrian, V., Oktavia, D., Salama, N., Lina, R. N., & Andrianto, A. (2021). Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: A Hospital-based Retrospective Cohort Study. The Lancet Regional Health–Western Pacific, 9, 100108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100108
Tedja, V. R. (2012). Hubungan Antara Faktor Individu, Sosio Demografi, Dan Administrasi Dengan Lama Hari Rawat Pasien Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Pantai Indah Kapuk Tahun 2011. Skripsi, Universitas Indonesia: Depok.
Thiruvengadam, G., Lakshmi, M., & Ramanujam, R. (2021). A Study of Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay of COVID-19 Patients by Cox-Proportional Hazard Model in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital. Journal of Primary Care Community Health, 12, 21501327211000231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211000231
Wang, Z., Ji, J. S., Liu, Y., Liu, R., Zha, Y., Chang, X., Zhang, L., Liu, Q., Zhang, Y., & Zeng, J. (2020). Survival Analysis of Hospital Length of Stay of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia Patients in Sichuan, China. Medrxiv. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20057299
Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Wei, L., Ji, J. S., Liu, Y., Liu, R., Zha, Y., Chang, X., Zhang, L., & Liu, Q. (2022). What are The Risk Factors of Hospital Length of Stay in The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Patients? A Survival Analysis in Southwest China. Plos One, 17(1), e0261216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261216