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Abstract
Background: Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals, so they can prevent degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis, and other diseases. Natural ingredients such as kesumba (Bixa orellana L.) seeds and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contain natural pigments that have antioxidant activity. Kesumba seeds contain bixin, and turmeric contains curcumin, each of which is an antioxidant compound that can protect cells in the body and prevent oxidative stress due to free radicals.
Objective: To determine the effect of the combination ratio of the ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds and the ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric on antioxidant activity.
Method: Extraction was carried out by the maceration method, followed by fractionation. A qualitative test of the content of compounds in each extract and fraction of kesumba seeds and turmeric was carried out using the TLC method. The antioxidant activity test of each ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds (FB) and ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) and their combination was carried out using the DPPH method.
Result: The research showed that the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds (FB) to the ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) was 242.95, 65.78, 42.48, 108.81, and 51.46 mg/L for each of the mass ratios (1:0), (3:7), (1:1), (7:3), and (0:1). The combination ratio of FB:FK, which is 1:1, has an effect on increasing antioxidant activity. This combination provides a synergistic effect that can increase antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 42.48 mg/L.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the combination of the ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds (FB) and the ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) has an effect on increasing antioxidant activity in the ratio of FB:FK (1:1) with an IC50 value of 42.48 mg/L, which is included in the very strong antioxidant category.
Keywords: Kesumba seeds, turmeric, bixin, curcumin, antioxidant
Intisari
Latar belakang: Antioksidan adalah senyawa yang dapat menetralisir radikal bebas sehingga mampu mencegah penyakit-penyakit degeneratif seperti kardiovaskuler, karsinogenesis dan penyakit lainnya. Bahan alam seperti biji kesumba (Bixa orellana L.) dan kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) mengandung pigmen alami yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Biji kesumba mengandung bixin dan kunyit mengandung kurkumin yang masing-masing merupakan senyawa antioksidan sehingga mampu melindungi sel-sel dalam tubuh dan mencegah stress oksidatif yang diakibatkan oleh radikal bebas.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio kombinasi fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba dan fraksi etil asetat kunyit terhadap aktivitas antioksidan.
Metode: Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi. Uji kualitatif kandungan senyawa dalam masing-masing ekstrak dan fraksi bixin dan kurkumin dilakukan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Uji aktivitas antioksidan masing-masing fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba dan fraksi etil asetat kunyit serta kombinasinya dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiap kombinasi rasio massa fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba (FB); fraksi etil asetat kunyit (1:0), (3:7), (1:1), (7:3) dan (0:1) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan berturut-turut sebesar 242,95; 65,78; 42,48; 108,81; dan 51,46 mg/L. Kombinasi tersebut memberikan efek sinergis yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 42,48 mg/L.
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada kombinasi fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba (FB) dan fraksi etil asetat kunyit (FK) dengan rasio FB:FK (1:1) memberikan pengaruh pada peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 42,48 mg/L yang termasuk dalam kategori antioksidan sangat kuat.
Kata kunci: Biji kesumba, kunyit, bixin, kurkumin, antioksidan
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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- Jurnal Agromedicine, 6(2), 410–415.
- Adrianta, K.A. (2020). Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Magenta (Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr) Sebagai
- Salah Satu Kandidat Pengobatan Bahan Berbasis Herbal Serta Bioaktivitasnya Sebagai Analgetik. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 6(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v6i1.745
- Agnihotri, N., & Mishra, P.C. (2011). Scavenging Mechanism of Curcumin Toward the Hydroxyl
- Radical: A Theoretical Study of Reactions Producing Ferulic Acid and Vanillin. Journal Physical Chemistry, 115, 14221–14232. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp209318f
- Albuquerque, C.L.C., L. Santana, Á., & Meireles, M. Angela A. (2015). Thin Layer Chromatographic
- Analysis of Annatto Extracts Obtained Using Supercritical Fluid. Food and Public Health, 5(4), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20150504.05
- Apriliani, N. T., & Tukiran. (2021). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kejibeling
- (Strobilanthes crispa L., Blume) dan Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Burm. f. Nees) dan Kombinasinya. Jurnal Kimia Riset, 6(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v6i1.26634
- Ar Rahmah, A.H. (2019). Efektivitas Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica) Terhadap Penurunan
- Risiko Aterosklerosis. Prev. Jurnal kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(2), 113–120.
- Barzegar, A. (2012). The Role of Electron-Transfer and H-atom Donation On The Superb Antioxidant
- Activity and Free Radical Reaction of Curcumin. Journal Food Chemistry, 135(2012), 1369–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.070
- Christina, I.A.M., Kencana, I.N., & Permana, I.D.G.M. (2018). Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan dan Jenis
- Pelarut terhadap Rendemen dan Kadar Kurkumin Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val). Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian Agrotechno, 3(1), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.24843/jitpa.2018.v03.i02.p02
- Dawidowicz, A.L., & Olszowy, M. (2012). Mechanism Change In Estimating of Antioxidant Activity of
- Phenolic Compounds. Journal Talanta, 97, 312–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.036
- Del Prado-Audelo, M.L., Caballero-Florán, I.H., Meza-Toledo, J.A., Mendoza-Muñoz, N., González-
- Torres, M., Florán, B., Cortés, H., & Leyva-Gómez, G. (2019). Formulations of Curcumin Nanoparticles for Brain Diseases. Journal Biomolecules, 9(56), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9020056
- Firdiyani, F., Agustini, T.W., & Ma’ruf, W.F. (2015). Ekstraksi Senyawa BIoaktif sebagai Antioksidan
- Alami Spirulina Platensis Segar dengan Pelarut yang Berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 18(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.2015.18.1.28
- Handayany, G.N., Umar, I., & Ismail, I. (2018). Formulasi Dan Uji Efektivitas Antioksidan Krim Ekstrak
- Etanol Daun Botto’-Botto’ (Chromolaena odorata L.) Dengan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Kesehatan, 11(2), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v11i2.5944
- Himawan, H.C., Surjana, V., & Prawira, L. (2012). Karakterisasi Dan Identifikasi Komponen Kimia
- Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) Sebagai Inhibitor Bakteri Patogen. Fitofarmaka, 2(2), 116–125.
- Kumar, S. (2005). Biodiversity & Conservation. APH Publishing Corporation, Inggris.
- Kumar, S., Jyotirmayee, K., & Sarangi, M. (2013). Thin Layer Chromatography : A Tool of
- Biotechnology for Isolation of Bioactive. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 18(1), 126–132.
- Kurniawati, P., Soetjipto, H., & Limantara, L. (2007). Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Pigmen
- Bixin Selaput Biji Kesumba (Bixa orellana L.). Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 88–92.
- Maharani, A.B., Destiarti, L., & Rahmalia, W. (2022). The Effect of Cell Surface Area on the Effectivity
- and Reusability of Bixin Sensitized Solar Cells. Journal Positron, 12(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v12i1.53409
- Naselia, U.A., Septiani, Silalahi, I.H., & Rahmalia, W. (2020). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Pigmen Bixin
- dari Tanaman Kesumba (Bixa orellana L.). Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa, 8(3), 53-61.
- Putri, A.A.S., & Hidajati, N. (2015). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Fenolik Ekstrak Metanol Kulit
- Batang Tumbuhan Nyiri Batu (Xylocarpus moluccensis). UNESA Journal of Chemistry, 4(1), 37–42.
- Rahmalia, W., Fabre, J.F., Usman, T., & Mouloungui, Z. (2014). Aprotic Solvents Effect On The UV-
- visible Absorption Spectra of Bixin. Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 131(2014), 455–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.119
- Rahmalia, W., & Naselia, U.A. (2021). Transition Energy, Spectral Fine Structure, and Absorption
- Coefficient of Norbixin (9’-cis-6,6’-diapocarotene-6,6’dioic acid) in Different Polar Solvents. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1751(2021), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1751/1/012085
- Rahmalia, W., Septiani, Naselia, U.A., Usman, T., Silalahi, I.H., & Mouloungui, Z. (2021). Performance
- Improvements of Bixin and Metal-Bixin Complexes Sensitized Solar Cells by 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Iodide in Electrolyte System. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 21(3), 669–678. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.60633
- Rahmi, H. (2017). Review: Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Berbagai Sumber Buah-Buahan di Indonesia.
- Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia, 2(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.33661/jai.v2i1.721
- Riaminanti, N.K., Hartiati, A., & Mulyani, S. (2016). Studi Kapasitas dan Sinergisme Antioksidan pada
- Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan Daun Asam (Tamarindus indica L.). Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 4(3), 93–104.
- Rikantara, F.S., Utami, M.R., & Kasasiah, A. (2022). Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun
- Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dengan Metode DPPH. Lumbung Farm. Jurnal Imu Kefarmasian, 3(2), 124–133.
- Septiawan, A.N., Emelda, E., & Husein, S. (2020). Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi E kstrak Etanol
- Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) dan Ganggang Hijau (Ulva lactuca L.). Journal Indonesian Pharmacy and Natural Medicine, 4(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.21927/inpharnmed.v4i1.1601
- Souhoka, F.A., Hattu, N., & Huliselan, M. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Biji
- Kesumba Keling (Bixa orellana L). Indonesian Journal Chemistry Reearch, 7(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2019.7-fas
- Suharsanti, R., Astutiningsih, C., & Susilowati, N.D. (2020). Kadar Kurkumin Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit
- (Curcuma domestica) Secara KLT Densitometri Dengan Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi. Jurnal Wiyata, 7(2), 86–93.
- Van Nong, H., Hung, L.X., Thang, P.N., Chinh, V.D., Vu, L. Van, Dung, P.T., Van Trung, T., & Nga, P.T.
- (2016). Fabrication and Vibration Characterization of Curcumin Extracted From Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizomes of The Northern Vietnam. Springerplus, 5(1147), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2812-2
- Wahyuningtyas, S.E.P., Permana, I.D.G.M., & Wiadnyani, A.S. (2017). Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Terhadap
- Kandungan Senyawa Kurkumin dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.). Jurnal ITEPA, 6(2), 61–70.
- Zuliani, N.E., Erwin, & Kusuma, I.W. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan (Metode DPPH) Ekstrak
- Metanol dan Fraksi - Fraksinya dari Daun Rumput Knop (Hyptis capitata Jacq.). Jurnal Atomik, 4(1), 36–40.
References
Abdurrahman, N. (2019). Kurkumin Pada Curcuma longa Sebagai Tatalaksana Alternatif Kanker.
Jurnal Agromedicine, 6(2), 410–415.
Adrianta, K.A. (2020). Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Magenta (Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr) Sebagai
Salah Satu Kandidat Pengobatan Bahan Berbasis Herbal Serta Bioaktivitasnya Sebagai Analgetik. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 6(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v6i1.745
Agnihotri, N., & Mishra, P.C. (2011). Scavenging Mechanism of Curcumin Toward the Hydroxyl
Radical: A Theoretical Study of Reactions Producing Ferulic Acid and Vanillin. Journal Physical Chemistry, 115, 14221–14232. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp209318f
Albuquerque, C.L.C., L. Santana, Á., & Meireles, M. Angela A. (2015). Thin Layer Chromatographic
Analysis of Annatto Extracts Obtained Using Supercritical Fluid. Food and Public Health, 5(4), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20150504.05
Apriliani, N. T., & Tukiran. (2021). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kejibeling
(Strobilanthes crispa L., Blume) dan Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Burm. f. Nees) dan Kombinasinya. Jurnal Kimia Riset, 6(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v6i1.26634
Ar Rahmah, A.H. (2019). Efektivitas Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica) Terhadap Penurunan
Risiko Aterosklerosis. Prev. Jurnal kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(2), 113–120.
Barzegar, A. (2012). The Role of Electron-Transfer and H-atom Donation On The Superb Antioxidant
Activity and Free Radical Reaction of Curcumin. Journal Food Chemistry, 135(2012), 1369–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.070
Christina, I.A.M., Kencana, I.N., & Permana, I.D.G.M. (2018). Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan dan Jenis
Pelarut terhadap Rendemen dan Kadar Kurkumin Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val). Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian Agrotechno, 3(1), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.24843/jitpa.2018.v03.i02.p02
Dawidowicz, A.L., & Olszowy, M. (2012). Mechanism Change In Estimating of Antioxidant Activity of
Phenolic Compounds. Journal Talanta, 97, 312–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.036
Del Prado-Audelo, M.L., Caballero-Florán, I.H., Meza-Toledo, J.A., Mendoza-Muñoz, N., González-
Torres, M., Florán, B., Cortés, H., & Leyva-Gómez, G. (2019). Formulations of Curcumin Nanoparticles for Brain Diseases. Journal Biomolecules, 9(56), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9020056
Firdiyani, F., Agustini, T.W., & Ma’ruf, W.F. (2015). Ekstraksi Senyawa BIoaktif sebagai Antioksidan
Alami Spirulina Platensis Segar dengan Pelarut yang Berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 18(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.2015.18.1.28
Handayany, G.N., Umar, I., & Ismail, I. (2018). Formulasi Dan Uji Efektivitas Antioksidan Krim Ekstrak
Etanol Daun Botto’-Botto’ (Chromolaena odorata L.) Dengan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Kesehatan, 11(2), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v11i2.5944
Himawan, H.C., Surjana, V., & Prawira, L. (2012). Karakterisasi Dan Identifikasi Komponen Kimia
Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) Sebagai Inhibitor Bakteri Patogen. Fitofarmaka, 2(2), 116–125.
Kumar, S. (2005). Biodiversity & Conservation. APH Publishing Corporation, Inggris.
Kumar, S., Jyotirmayee, K., & Sarangi, M. (2013). Thin Layer Chromatography : A Tool of
Biotechnology for Isolation of Bioactive. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 18(1), 126–132.
Kurniawati, P., Soetjipto, H., & Limantara, L. (2007). Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Pigmen
Bixin Selaput Biji Kesumba (Bixa orellana L.). Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 88–92.
Maharani, A.B., Destiarti, L., & Rahmalia, W. (2022). The Effect of Cell Surface Area on the Effectivity
and Reusability of Bixin Sensitized Solar Cells. Journal Positron, 12(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v12i1.53409
Naselia, U.A., Septiani, Silalahi, I.H., & Rahmalia, W. (2020). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Pigmen Bixin
dari Tanaman Kesumba (Bixa orellana L.). Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa, 8(3), 53-61.
Putri, A.A.S., & Hidajati, N. (2015). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Fenolik Ekstrak Metanol Kulit
Batang Tumbuhan Nyiri Batu (Xylocarpus moluccensis). UNESA Journal of Chemistry, 4(1), 37–42.
Rahmalia, W., Fabre, J.F., Usman, T., & Mouloungui, Z. (2014). Aprotic Solvents Effect On The UV-
visible Absorption Spectra of Bixin. Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 131(2014), 455–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.119
Rahmalia, W., & Naselia, U.A. (2021). Transition Energy, Spectral Fine Structure, and Absorption
Coefficient of Norbixin (9’-cis-6,6’-diapocarotene-6,6’dioic acid) in Different Polar Solvents. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1751(2021), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1751/1/012085
Rahmalia, W., Septiani, Naselia, U.A., Usman, T., Silalahi, I.H., & Mouloungui, Z. (2021). Performance
Improvements of Bixin and Metal-Bixin Complexes Sensitized Solar Cells by 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Iodide in Electrolyte System. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 21(3), 669–678. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.60633
Rahmi, H. (2017). Review: Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Berbagai Sumber Buah-Buahan di Indonesia.
Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia, 2(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.33661/jai.v2i1.721
Riaminanti, N.K., Hartiati, A., & Mulyani, S. (2016). Studi Kapasitas dan Sinergisme Antioksidan pada
Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan Daun Asam (Tamarindus indica L.). Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 4(3), 93–104.
Rikantara, F.S., Utami, M.R., & Kasasiah, A. (2022). Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun
Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dengan Metode DPPH. Lumbung Farm. Jurnal Imu Kefarmasian, 3(2), 124–133.
Septiawan, A.N., Emelda, E., & Husein, S. (2020). Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi E kstrak Etanol
Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) dan Ganggang Hijau (Ulva lactuca L.). Journal Indonesian Pharmacy and Natural Medicine, 4(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.21927/inpharnmed.v4i1.1601
Souhoka, F.A., Hattu, N., & Huliselan, M. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Biji
Kesumba Keling (Bixa orellana L). Indonesian Journal Chemistry Reearch, 7(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2019.7-fas
Suharsanti, R., Astutiningsih, C., & Susilowati, N.D. (2020). Kadar Kurkumin Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit
(Curcuma domestica) Secara KLT Densitometri Dengan Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi. Jurnal Wiyata, 7(2), 86–93.
Van Nong, H., Hung, L.X., Thang, P.N., Chinh, V.D., Vu, L. Van, Dung, P.T., Van Trung, T., & Nga, P.T.
(2016). Fabrication and Vibration Characterization of Curcumin Extracted From Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizomes of The Northern Vietnam. Springerplus, 5(1147), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2812-2
Wahyuningtyas, S.E.P., Permana, I.D.G.M., & Wiadnyani, A.S. (2017). Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Terhadap
Kandungan Senyawa Kurkumin dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.). Jurnal ITEPA, 6(2), 61–70.
Zuliani, N.E., Erwin, & Kusuma, I.W. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan (Metode DPPH) Ekstrak
Metanol dan Fraksi - Fraksinya dari Daun Rumput Knop (Hyptis capitata Jacq.). Jurnal Atomik, 4(1), 36–40.