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Abstract
Background: Kawista (Limonia acidissima L.) is a plant that has been studied for its potential as a natural antioxidant. Research regarding kawista leaves has not been carried out to a more specific stage, so further fraction separation is carried out to determine compounds that have potential as antioxidant agents.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of kawista leaf fractions using the DPPH method and to determine the active compounds in the highest antioxidant agents of kawista leaf fracton.
Method: Kawista leaves were extracted by re-maceration using methanol, which was then purified by the liquid-liquid extraction method with the solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Phytochemical studies were carried out on the fractions using TLC on flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The fraction was separated by the vacuum liquid chromatography method with 11 eluents, which were then tested for antioxidants and characterization of the most active compounds in the kawista leaf fraction. Then the highest results as antioxidant agents from the fraction were characterized for their active compounds using a spectrophotometer and FTIR.
Results: The results of the study showed that the most active purified extract in antioxidant activity was ethyl acetate, which indicates strong antioxidant activity. The combined fraction 2 (F2) indicates flavonoid compounds that played an active role as very strong antioxidants with an AAI value of 3.3808, which is not significantly different from the vitamin C as standard. Flavonoid compounds that have been characterized using a spectrophotometer interpret the wavelength shift data that possible F2 belongs to the flavanon group.
Conclusion: Active compounds from kawista leaf fraction (F2) have the highest antioxidant agent, with the possibility that flavonoid compounds from F2 belong to the flavanon group.
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References
- Anebaracy, V., Geethavani, B., Balamurunganvelu, S., Sangamithra, V., Shree Lakshmidevi, S., Jaikumar, S. (2015). Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Root Extract of Limonia Acidissima. Journal of Science, 5(7), 476-478.
- Attarde, D. L., Chaudhari, B. J., Bhambar, R. S. (2011). Phytochemical Investigation and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Extract from Leaves of Limonia acidissima Linn. (Rutaceae). J Pharm Res. 4(3), 766-768.
- Azizah, T. N., Harmastuti, N., & Wijayanti, T. (2024). Perbandingan Studi Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol, Etanol 70%, dan Etanol 96% Daun Kawista (Limonia acidissima L.). Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Dan Farmasi Klinik, 21(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v21i1.8559
- Eluru, J. R., Taranalli, A. D., & Kawatra, S. (2015). Anti-Tumour Activity of Limonia acidissima L. Methanolic Extract in Mice Model of Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma Article. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(6), 1094–1100.
- Erika, B. R., Dellima, M., & Sulistyawati, R. (2014). Aktivitas Penangkapan Radikal DPPH Oleh Fraksi N-Heksan dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera, Lamk). Media Farmasi, 11(1), 1–6.
- Gritter, R. J., Bobbit, J. M., and Schwarting, A. E. (1991). Pengantar Kromatografi. Diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. Bandung: ITB.
- Harborne, J. (1987). Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. ITB.
- Ilango, K., & Chitra, V. (2010). Wound Healing and Anti-oxidant Activities of the Fruit Pulp of Limonia Acidissima Linn (Rutaceae) in Rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 9(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i3.56281
- Joshi, R. K., Patil, P. A., Muzawar, M. H. K., Kumar, D., Kholkute, S. D. (2009). Hypoglicemic Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Feronia Elephantum in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Regional Medical Research Centre.
- Mandade, R., Jadhav, J., & SreenivAS, S. (2013). Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activity of Limonia acidissima (Linn) Extract. Planta Medica. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1351925
- Mutmainnah, P. A., Hakim, A., Savalas, L. R. T. (2017). Identifikasi Senyawa Turunan Hasil Fraksinasi Kayu Akar Artocarpus Odoratissimus. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 3 (2). https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v3i2.89.
- Nachimuthu, S., Kumaravel, V., Sadhasivam, S., Santhosharajan, N., Peraman, M., & Ponnusamy, R. (2014). Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Feronia limonia Leaves and Fruit Extracts. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 36–40.
- Panda, N., Jagannath Patro, V., Kumar Jena, B., & Panda, P. (2013). Evaluation of Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Limonia Acidissima L. Leaves. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 1(1), 22–27.
- Parial, S., Jain, D. C., & Joshi, S. B. (2009). Diuretic Activity of The Extracts of Limonia acidissima In Rats. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2(1), 53–56.
- Patil, S. P., Kalkar, S. A., & Kulkarni, A. S. (2012). Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity of Limonia acidissima (L). Bionano Frontier, 5(2), 131–133.
- Rahimah, R., Sayekti, E., Jayuska, A. (2013). Karakterisasi Senyawa Flavonoid Hasil Isolat dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst & G. Forst). JKK 2(2), 84-89.
- Rahmi, H., & Rahmadewi, R. (2020). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Dan Kulit Buah Kawista (Limonia acidissima L) Asal Kabupaten Karawang. Midpro, 12(1), 118–122. http://www.tjyybjb.ac.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=9987
- Sayuti, K., & Yenrina, R. (2015). Antioksidan Alami dan Sintetik. Andalas University Press.
- Tjahjandarie, T. S., Saputri, R. D., & Tanjung, M. (2017). Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Kumarin Ter-O-Geranilasi dari Akar Limonia acidissima L. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 4(2), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v4i2.143
References
Anebaracy, V., Geethavani, B., Balamurunganvelu, S., Sangamithra, V., Shree Lakshmidevi, S., Jaikumar, S. (2015). Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Root Extract of Limonia Acidissima. Journal of Science, 5(7), 476-478.
Attarde, D. L., Chaudhari, B. J., Bhambar, R. S. (2011). Phytochemical Investigation and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Extract from Leaves of Limonia acidissima Linn. (Rutaceae). J Pharm Res. 4(3), 766-768.
Azizah, T. N., Harmastuti, N., & Wijayanti, T. (2024). Perbandingan Studi Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol, Etanol 70%, dan Etanol 96% Daun Kawista (Limonia acidissima L.). Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Dan Farmasi Klinik, 21(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v21i1.8559
Eluru, J. R., Taranalli, A. D., & Kawatra, S. (2015). Anti-Tumour Activity of Limonia acidissima L. Methanolic Extract in Mice Model of Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma Article. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(6), 1094–1100.
Erika, B. R., Dellima, M., & Sulistyawati, R. (2014). Aktivitas Penangkapan Radikal DPPH Oleh Fraksi N-Heksan dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera, Lamk). Media Farmasi, 11(1), 1–6.
Gritter, R. J., Bobbit, J. M., and Schwarting, A. E. (1991). Pengantar Kromatografi. Diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. Bandung: ITB.
Harborne, J. (1987). Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. ITB.
Ilango, K., & Chitra, V. (2010). Wound Healing and Anti-oxidant Activities of the Fruit Pulp of Limonia Acidissima Linn (Rutaceae) in Rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 9(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i3.56281
Joshi, R. K., Patil, P. A., Muzawar, M. H. K., Kumar, D., Kholkute, S. D. (2009). Hypoglicemic Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Feronia Elephantum in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Regional Medical Research Centre.
Mandade, R., Jadhav, J., & SreenivAS, S. (2013). Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activity of Limonia acidissima (Linn) Extract. Planta Medica. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1351925
Mutmainnah, P. A., Hakim, A., Savalas, L. R. T. (2017). Identifikasi Senyawa Turunan Hasil Fraksinasi Kayu Akar Artocarpus Odoratissimus. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 3 (2). https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v3i2.89.
Nachimuthu, S., Kumaravel, V., Sadhasivam, S., Santhosharajan, N., Peraman, M., & Ponnusamy, R. (2014). Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Feronia limonia Leaves and Fruit Extracts. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 36–40.
Panda, N., Jagannath Patro, V., Kumar Jena, B., & Panda, P. (2013). Evaluation of Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Limonia Acidissima L. Leaves. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 1(1), 22–27.
Parial, S., Jain, D. C., & Joshi, S. B. (2009). Diuretic Activity of The Extracts of Limonia acidissima In Rats. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2(1), 53–56.
Patil, S. P., Kalkar, S. A., & Kulkarni, A. S. (2012). Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity of Limonia acidissima (L). Bionano Frontier, 5(2), 131–133.
Rahimah, R., Sayekti, E., Jayuska, A. (2013). Karakterisasi Senyawa Flavonoid Hasil Isolat dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst & G. Forst). JKK 2(2), 84-89.
Rahmi, H., & Rahmadewi, R. (2020). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Dan Kulit Buah Kawista (Limonia acidissima L) Asal Kabupaten Karawang. Midpro, 12(1), 118–122. http://www.tjyybjb.ac.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=9987
Sayuti, K., & Yenrina, R. (2015). Antioksidan Alami dan Sintetik. Andalas University Press.
Tjahjandarie, T. S., Saputri, R. D., & Tanjung, M. (2017). Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Kumarin Ter-O-Geranilasi dari Akar Limonia acidissima L. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 4(2), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v4i2.143